桂林暴雨天气的多普勒雷达径向速度分析与应用

利用桂林新一带天气雷达径向速度产品资料对2004年发生在桂林的强暴雨过程及其暴雨个例的径向速度平面位置显示产品（PPI）特征的多样性进行分析发现，利用径向速度变化可判断中尺度对流的发展，可对桂林暴雨提前做出预报。     

东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层成岩环境变化研究

通过薄片鉴定、激光拉曼光谱分析、全岩和粘土矿物分析以及流体包裹体测试等手段,结合埋藏史分析,研究了东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层成岩环境的特点。分析认为,东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层成岩现象丰富,表现出不同成岩环境相叠合的特征,存在酸性、碱性和酸性碱性交替等多重成岩环境。着重利用不同成岩环境代表矿物中的流体包裹体分析成岩环境的变化,结果显示,3 000~3 200 m是碱性流体活动的重要深度。东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层在埋深过程中由浅到深大致经历了（弱）碱性（小于1 750 m）→酸性（1 750~3 200 m）→酸碱交替（3 200~4 000 m）→碱性（4 000~5 000 m）→弱碱性到弱酸性（大于5 000 m）多重成岩环境的变化,从而形成了现今复杂的成岩现象。埋深和温度是成岩环境变化的宏观主导因素,但并非绝对控制因素,局部流体性质的变化更能直接导致成岩环境的变化。     

Quantification of electrical resistance to estimate NaCl behavior in a column under controlled conditions

Accurate prediction of solute transport processes in surface water and its underlying bed is an important task not only for proper management of the surface water but also for pollution control in these water bodies. Key issue in this task is an estimation of parameters as diffusion coefficient and velocity for solute transport both in water body and in the underlying bed. This estimation would greatly help us to understand the deposition and release mechanism of solute across the water-bed interface. In this study, a column experiment was conducted in laboratory to estimate the velocity and diffusion coefficient of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water body and underlying sand layer (bed). The column used with a diameter of 30 cm and a height of 100 cm, was filled with sand at the lower half part and water at the upper half part. Total 64 stainless steel electrodes were installed on its surface around. The sodium chloride solution was injected from the top of the column, and electrical resistance between electrodes was monitored for 71 h. Then the dimensionless resistance breakthrough curve was fitted with one dimensional analytic solution for solute transport and the related diffusion coefficient and velocity parameters were estimated. The results show that the NaCl transport velocity was high in the water body but extremely low in the underlying sand layer (bed). The diffusion coefficient estimated in sand layer coincides with those reported well. This indicates that the electrical resistance based solute transport parameter estimation method is not only effective but also has an advantage of multipoints monitoring. This is useful both in mapping solute transport parameter for solute transport process analysis and in providing parameter input for solute transport numerical modeling.     

山东开元洞发现典型北方型石笋微生长层

石笋中微层的形成一般认为与地表气候环境具有明显的季节变化有关~([1,2]).石笋微层的发育不仅具有明确的年代学意义~([2]),还具有重要的气候环境变化指示意义~([2,3]).     

近40年天山冰川变化的遥感监测

Both marginal fluctuation and areal change were used to detect the accurate dynamics of glacier change in the study area using Landsat MSS, ETM, SPOT HRV and topographic maps based on GIS. From 1963 to 1977, four of eight glaciers advanced, two of them retreated and another two kept stable, the glacier advanced generally. From 1977 to 1986, four of eight glaciers retreated and the others kept stable, but the retreated glaciers were those which advanced from 1963 to 1977. From 1986 to 2000, seven of eight glaciers retreated and only one glacier kept stable, the retreating velocity was 10-15 m/a. Glacier recession in this period became very fast and universal. From 1963 to 2000, the area of glaciers decreased from 5479.0 ha to 4795.4 ha, up to 12.5%. It is alarming that most of glacier retreats happened from 1986 to 2000. This was very consistent with change process of summer mean temperature in this region and global warming beginning in the 1980s.     

某高层建筑模型振动台试验结果分析

本文分析了广州市某２８层高层建筑模型模拟地震振动台试验结果,对此建筑的抗震性能进行了评价,考究了设置摩擦耗能支对其动力反应的减震作用。     

Evolution of the freeze-thaw cycles in the source region of the Yellow River under the influence of climate change and its hydrological effects

As an important water source and ecological barrier in the Yellow River Basin, the source region of the Yellow River (above the Huangheyan Hydrologic Station) presents a remarkable permafrost degradation trend due to climate change. Therefore, scientific understanding the effects of permafrost degradation on runoff variations is of great significance for the water resource and ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin. In this paper, we studied the mechanism and extent of the effect of degrading permafrost on surface flow in the source region of the Yellow River based on the monitoring data of temperature and moisture content of permafrost in 2013–2019 and the runoff data in 1960–2019. The following results have been found. From 2013 to 2019, the geotemperature of the monitoring sections at depths of 0–2.4 m increased by 0.16°C/a on average. With an increase in the thawing depth of the permafrost, the underground water storage space also increased, and the depth of water level above the frozen layer at the monitoring points decreased from above 1.2 m to 1.2–2 m. 64.7% of the average multiyear groundwater was recharged by runoff, in which meltwater from the permafrost accounted for 10.3%. Compared to 1960-1965, the runoff depth in the surface thawing period (from May to October) and the freezing period (from November to April) decreased by 1.5 mm and 1.2 mm, respectively during 1992–1997, accounting for 4.2% and 3.4% of the average annual runoff depth, respectively. Most specifically, the decrease in the runoff depth was primarily reflected in the decreased runoff from August to December. The permafrost degradation affects the runoff within a year by changing the runoff generation, concentration characteristics and the melt water quantity from permafrost, decreasing the runoff at the later stage of the permafrost thawing. However, the permafrost degradation has limited impacts on annual runoff and does not dominate the runoff changes in the source region of the Yellow River in the longterm.     

用卡尔曼滤波预报南海热带气旋路径的试验

利用卡尔曼滤波方法预报南海热带气旋路径，发现采用卡尔曼滤波可以大大地降低预报误差，提高预测模型的预报能力。     

贵州二叠纪与南华纪锰矿主要矿床地质特征对比及意义

贵州南华纪古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿通过成矿理论和找矿预测方法的创新,近年来不断取得巨大的找矿成果,在国内外产生重要影响,已成为国内最重要的锰矿床类型。本文通过对贵州二叠纪锰矿与南华纪锰矿矿床地质特征的对比研究发现:二者在成矿构造背景、同沉积断层(控矿构造)、成矿物质来源、矿石与地球化学特征、锰矿成矿系统特征等方面十分相似,在结构构造特征、沥青球特征、盖帽白云岩和冷泉碳酸盐岩等方面也存在一些差别。在此基础上,贵州二叠纪锰矿通过借鉴和运用贵州南华纪古天然气渗漏沉积成矿理论和找矿预测方法,已在遵义锰矿国家整装勘查区取得重大进展。说明"内生外成"的古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿成矿理论和找矿预测方法,在相似的成矿地质背景条件下,具有普适性和推广意义。     

石家庄铁四局北国-开元广场岩土工程勘察实录

通过石家庄铁四局北国-开元广场工程勘察实例介绍,总结出一套成功进行岩土工程分析的有效办法和技术途径,分析结果通过实测验证,可供同行们参考。