西太平洋暖池近3万年来的沉积序列及其环境特征-WP92-3柱样的REE记录

WP92-3柱样采自西太平洋暖池核心区。利用稀土元素(REE)特征参数研究了该柱样的沉积物来源和地层序列划分,并对其所揭示的环境变化特征进行了探讨。研究认为:样品的REE分布模式揭示了该海域的沉积物源主要为海相自生沉积;基于REE指标的垂向深度变化特征可将该柱样划分为3个地层序列;∑REE,LREE/HREE和δCe几个指标对环境的温度变化以及地磁场的极性变换均有良好的响应,∑REE高值段基本对应于δ18O和SST所揭示的暖池低温期,而地磁场极性转变的时间正好对应着稀土指标(∑REE,LREE/HREE和δCe)快速大幅波动的层位。REE特征参数较好地记录了暖池区近3万年来的沉积和环境变化信息,是一组对气候环境演化具有潜在良好指示作用的地球化学指标。     

滇西北铜厂沟Mo-Cu矿床岩体年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

铜厂沟大型斑岩型Mo-Cu多金属矿床位于扬子西缘义敦岛弧带南端,钼矿化与花岗闪长斑岩紧密相关。花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为84.57±0.29Ma(MSWD=0.73),侵位于晚白垩世。岩石的Si O2为63.03%~69.60%,Na2O+K2O为6.97%~9.11%,具高钾钙碱性和准铝质-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.88~1.05)特征。岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Pb等),相对亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(Ti、Nb、P等),并且具有较高的Sr/Y和La/Yb比值,及较低的Y、Yb及Mg O含量。这些地球化学特征表明铜厂沟花岗闪长斑岩具有埃达克质岩石的特征,可能起源于加厚下地壳岩石的部分重熔。地球化学投图显示,铜厂沟岩体呈现出晚碰撞-碰撞后花岗岩特征,指示着岩体可能形成于陆内碰撞造山后由挤压转换为伸展构造环境;岩浆上侵过程中含矿热液沿构造发育部位运移,在酸性岩体内形成细脉浸染状钼(铜钨)矿化,在构造破碎带、层间滑动带和玄武岩与碳酸盐岩接触带交代形成矽卡岩型Cu、Pb、Zn多金属矿体和热液脉型Pb、Zn、Ag多金属矿体,构成钼(铜钨)→铜钼→铁铜金→铅锌的成矿元素分带和斑岩成矿系统。     

GIS在海洋气象服务中的应用

海洋经济的发展越来越离不开海洋气象服务,随着GIS、Web服务等计算机和船舶通讯技术的发展,海洋气象服务正面临着新的机遇,以GIS为支撑的海洋气象信息库的建立变得日益现实,它的出现不仅有助于人们直观理解和分析大气海洋环境特征的分布情况,克服目前我国海洋气象服务的种种困难,而且必将有助于揭示海区气象环境的变化规律,增强目前海洋气象灾害的监测能力,提高海洋天气预报的水平。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统马五6亚段高频旋回层序研究:论海平面升降与横山凸起沉积分异效应*

高频旋回分析有利于揭示浅水碳酸盐岩台地海平面升降、沉积物响应、古地理单元演化及对盆地内沉积分异影响等诸多沉积学信息。依据鄂尔多斯盆地横山地区丰富的钻井取心资料,通过岩石类型、典型五级旋回结构等分析,对中奥陶统马家沟组马五₆亚段开展了高频旋回研究。研究表明: (1)基于研究区内马五₆亚段碳酸盐岩与蒸发岩共生组合的9种岩石类型,识别出5种典型T-R单旋回,其中旋回Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ为云质潟湖—颗粒滩—灰泥丘沉积,Ⅳ、Ⅴ为膏盐质潟湖沉积,并以5种单旋回为基本单元搭建骨架井五级高频旋回结构剖面;(2)依据五级高频旋回结构剖面建立的Fischer图解,认为马五₆亚段处于三级旋回晚期,内部发育“2个”四级旋回,具有初次海退—快速海侵—再次海退的相对海平面变化趋势;(3)结合五级旋回厚度统计,认为第1套四级旋回沉积期处于隆拗格局发育阶段,该时期横山凸起作为水下高地,对东西两侧海水封隔明显;至第2套四级旋回沉积阶段,填平补齐作用导致横山凸起影响减弱,海水循环得到改善,凸起东西两侧盐度明显下降。以马五₆亚段为例的高频旋回研究,在横山地区马五₆亚段地层学、沉积学研究中取得了较好的效果,以期在鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组未来研究中得到进一步推广和实践。     

土体固结弹塑性分析的参数二次规划理论及有限元解

基于广义Ｂｉｏｔ理论对土体弹塑性固结过程进行求解，建立了问题对应的参变量变分理论，并给出了数学证明，对此基础上推导了有限元分析列式，问题的求解最终化为参数二次规划问题，本文提出的方法适用于固结弹塑性分析的关联与非关流流动问题，也可处理各类软化问题。     

湖滨带芦苇恢复过程中沉积物氮赋存形态及含量变化:以巢湖为例

水生植被对于维持水生态系统结构和功能稳定性具有举足轻重的作用,而重建水生植物被认为是污染湖泊生态修复的重要手段.氮素是水生态系统重要的限制性元素之一,根着挺水植物生长发育无疑将深刻地影响着沉积物氮的迁移转化过程,但水生植物不同生长阶段对沉积物氮的需求和植物代谢强度均不同,目前对挺水植物完整生长过程中沉积物氮组分及含量变...     

Platinum-Group Element Geochemical Certified Reference Materials (GPt1-7)

Unlike the situation for other elements, few reference materials certified for the platinum-group elements are currently available. Therefore, the GPt1-7 series of PGE geochemical CRMs, prepared by the IGGE, represent an important addition and comprise a range of matrix types, including a soil, stream sediment, Mg-rich ultramafic rock, Fe-rich ultramafic rock, platinoid ore depleted in Cu, Ni and Fe, and a chromitite. The concentration of PGE in these samples ranges over 4-5 orders of magnitude and the samples were shown to have good homogeneity as assessed by a variance test. Analytical methods based on different principles were used in sample certification, including several fire assay and wet chemical procedures used for decomposition and preconcentration. Certified values for the elements Pt, Pd, Os, Ru, Ir, Rh and Au were determined by AAS, catalytic colourimetry (COL), catalytic polarography (POL), atomic emission spectrometry (AES), ICP-MS and NAA. Recently, the GPt1-7 samples were approved as national primary CRMs by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision of China.     

西藏冈底斯驱龙斑岩型铜钼-矽卡岩型铜矿成矿体系:辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年代学证据

在西藏冈底斯驱龙斑岩型铜钼矿床南部2 km和东南4 km处分别发育知不拉和浪母家果矽卡岩型铜矿床,它们与驱龙斑岩矿床空间上相邻。其中,浪母家果矽卡岩型矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为(17.11±0.55)Ma,表明其形成时间与驱龙和知不拉相近。综合冈底斯成矿带区域成矿作用和典型矿床的最新研究成果认为,驱龙斑岩型铜钼矿床-知不拉矽卡岩型铜矿-浪母家果矽卡岩型铜矿系同一期岩浆热液成矿作用的产物,构成一个完整的斑岩-矽卡岩型成矿体系。因此,区域找矿时,应注意在斑岩型铜矿外围寻找高品位矽卡岩型矿床;同时,在具有矽卡岩型矿化的勘查区内应注意寻找深部可能存在的斑岩型铜钼矿床。     

The Paleoceanography during the Time with High δ13C of Phanerozoic marine carbonates

Carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates is a record for various important geological events in the process of earth development and evolution. The carbonates of Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, as the transition from Paleozoic to Mesozoic-Cenozoic have very high ¹³C value. Taking this as the main point, and combined with the oxygen, strontium isotopic composition in carbonates, distribution of carbonate basin area through geologic time, the correlation of carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates to sea level change, organic carbon burial flux, exchange of CO₂ content in atmosphere and ocean, and long cycle evolution of the earth ecosystems were approached. The results are shown as follows: ①The interval of ¹³C >3‰ during Phanerozoic was concentrated in Carboniferous, Permian and the beginning of Triassic, but the beginning of Triassic was characterized by higher frequency and larger fluctuations in ¹³C value during a short time, whereas the Carboniferous-Permian presented a continuously stable high ¹³C value, indicating a larger amount of organic carbon accumulation in this time interval. Relatively high ¹⁸O values during this time was also observed, showing a long time of glaciations and cold climate, which suggest a connection among rapid organic carbon burial, cold climate, as well as pCO₂ and pO₂ states of atmosphere. ②The over consumption of atmosphere CO₂ by green plants during the time with high ¹³C of seawater forced CO₂ being transferred from ocean to atmosphere for the balance, but the decrease in the seawater amount and water column pressure caused by the global cooling could weaken dissolution capacity of CO₂ in seawater and carbon storage of marine carbonates, and also reduce the carbonate sedimentary rate and decrease the carbonate basin area globally from Devonian to Carboniferous and Permian. During the middle-late Permian carbonate was widely replaced by siliceous sediments even though in shallow carbonate platform, which resulted in the decrease of marine invertebrates, suggesting the Permian chert event should be global. ③The Phanerozoic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr trend of seawater showed a sharp fall in Permian and drop to a minimum at the end of the Permian, indicting input of strontium from the submarine hydrothermal systems (mantle flux). Such process should accompany with a supplement of CO₂ from deep earth to atmosphere and ocean system, but the process associated with widespread volcanism and rises of earth’s surface temperature pricked up the mass extinction during the time of end Permian. ④Cold climate and increase of continental icecap volume, the amalgamation of northern Africa and Laurentia continentals were the main reasons responsible for the sea level drop, but the water consumption result from the significantly increased accumulation of organic carbon should also be one of the reasons for the sea level drop on the order of tens of meters. ⑤The mass extinction at the end Permian was an inevitable event in the process of earth system adjustment. It was difficult for marine invertebrates to survive because of the continuously rapid burial of organic carbon, and of the decrease of sea water amount and its dissolution ability to CO₂. At last, at the end of Paleozoic, the supplement of CO₂ to atmosphere and ocean by widely magma activities resulted in a high temperature of earth surface and intensified mass extinction.     

基于解析解的长江口南港悬沙侧向捕集特征分析

为探讨长江口南港的水动力结构及悬沙侧向输运特征,本文从解析解的角度构建了潮汐河口水沙输运数学模型,并将其应用到长江口南港某横断面上。南港水动力主控于半日潮流,余流主要由陆相径流及本地非线性对流项驱动,悬沙分布上北侧副槽远大于南侧主槽,水沙分布的计算结果与实测结果在结构上基本一致。通过输沙函数进一步分析表明,潮流输沙和余流输沙是南港侧向输沙函数的两个主要部分。南港中强劲径流削弱了涨潮流,增强了落潮流,使得向河槽南侧的涨潮流输沙小于向河槽北侧的落潮流输沙,潮流输沙指向河槽北侧。径流驱动的南港侧向余流在涨潮流方向上为一逆时针环流结构,余流输沙指向河槽北侧。扩散输沙指向南侧主槽,因其总是指向悬沙浓度梯度的负方向。在各输沙因子的综合作用下,南港中大量悬沙捕集于河槽北侧,使得河槽北部底层潮平均含沙量值达到最大值。