华南夏季降水的变化特征及其与热带太平洋海温异常的关系

根据1958-2008年华南48站降水资料、NOAA全球逐月海温格点资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用EOF分解、相关、合成等统计方法,分析了华南夏季降水的变化特征及其与冬季热带太平洋海温的关系。结果表明,华南夏季降水变化特征主要表现为,空间分布以全区一致型为主,其次是南北反相对称型和东西反相对称型,且这3种分布模态都表现出显著的年际和年代际特征。全区一致型降水异常与热带太平洋海温显著相关,二者的相关性也具有年代际变化特征,其对应的热带太平洋海温具有沿赤道太平洋呈“负-正-负”的纬向分布型,类似于中部型El Nino。全区降水偏多时期,西南季风偏强,西太平洋副热带高压偏强、脊点位置偏西,南亚高压偏强、脊点位置偏东,总体的环流形势有利于华南地区的水汽输送和上升运动;降水偏少时期,情况相反。     

基于相干特征的岩石薄片序列图像边缘提取及颗粒分割

针对岩石颗粒边缘模糊、结构复杂的特点,为了更有效地识别颗粒边缘,在基于特征值的C3相干算法的基础上,融合多尺度和多角度的特征表达,提出了一种改进的C3相干算法。该算法综合考虑岩石薄片图像角度域光学特征、空间尺度信息和各向异性信息,能更有效地表征颗粒边缘特征,表现出对复杂矿物结构的适应能力。在采集的岩石薄片正交偏光图像上验证提出的算法,实验结果表明,与原生C3相干算法相比,改进后的C3相干算法在全局图像上的方差和灰度差分乘积分别提升了68.41%和22.91%,信息熵下降了21.61%。     

采煤塌陷区稳定性分析研究

以吉林辽源煤矿塌陷区为例,应用高精度电磁频谱探测法进行了煤炭采空区探测,通过勘探结果与实际资料对比分析,评价了辽源采煤塌陷区的稳定性,探索了应用电磁频谱物探技术进行采煤塌陷稳定性分析评价的可行性。为塌陷地的稳定性评价,提供了一种思路和方法,对于采空区地面塌陷的恢复治理和合理开发利用,具有一定的实用价值。     

东昆仑山若羌地区白干湖钨锡矿床地质特征及成因

白干湖钨锡矿床是吉林省地质调查院近年在新疆东昆仑山进行地质调查、找矿方面取得的一项重大突破。矿床产于华南、华北两大板块的增生带中,矿体赋存于古元古界金水口群地层内,属石英脉型钨矿,目前初步控制的远景规模可望达到大型以上。该矿床的发现不仅对新疆东昆仑钨锡的地质找矿具有指导意义,而且对促进南疆今后矿业经济的发展将起重要作用。     

基于Copula函数的连河通江湖泊防洪安全设计:以洪泽湖为例

湖泊作为一种蓄水单元,尤其是大型过水性湖泊,是一种典型的平原型水库,在功能上与山谷型水库具有许多相似之处,但由于其特殊的地理地形构造,使得入湖洪水过程与入库洪水过程存在着较大的差异.在防洪安全设计研究中,山谷型水库关注的多是坝址洪水,即总的入库洪水过程,而对于湖泊来说,还需要关注各个分区的入湖洪水过程对湖区洪水演进的影...     

区域地震状态的损伤张量分析

本文采用损伤力学的理论研究区域地震的状态问题.浅源强地震是地壳内岩体的微缺陷损伤演化到宏观断裂的过程.本文试图从损伤统计力学的角度研究孕震过程,研究与微破裂积累增长速率有关的状态参量.即研究与地震应变积累速率、损伤度相关的损伤率的张量表示.据此,分析研究区域地下微破裂状态与活动过程.地壳介质的宏观损伤状态,通过引入损伤度ω、损伤率ω、应变率ε来刻画.根据损伤力学理论,得弹塑性各向同性损伤率的表达式.     

Variation in the sediment deposition behind check‐dams under different soil erosion conditions on the Loess Plateau,China

To maintain a reasonable sediment regulation system in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, it is critical to determine the variation in sediment deposition behind check‐dams for different soil erosion conditions. Sediment samples were collected by using a drilling machine in the Fangta watershed of the loess hilly–gully region and the Manhonggou watershed of the weathered sandstone hilly–gully (pisha) region. On the basis of the check‐dam capacity curves, the soil bulk densities and the couplet thickness in these two small watersheds, the sediment yields were deduced at the watershed scale. The annual average sediment deposition rate in the Manhonggou watershed (702.0 mm/(km²·a)) from 1976 to 2009 was much higher than that in the Fangta watershed (171.6 mm/(km²·a)) from 1975 to 2013. The soil particle size distributions in these two small watersheds were generally centred on the silt and sand fractions, which were 42.4% and 50.7% in the Fangta watershed and 60.6% and 32.9% in the Manhonggou watershed, respectively. The annual sediment deposition yield exhibited a decreasing trend; the transition years were 1991 in the Fangta watershed and 1996 in the Manhonggou watershed (P < 0.05). In contrast, the annual average sediment deposition yield was much higher in the Manhonggou watershed (14011.1 t/(km²·a)) than in the Fangta watershed (3149.6 t/(km²·a)). In addition, the rainfalls that induced sediment deposition at the check‐dams were greater than 30 mm in the Fangta watershed and 20 mm in the Manhonggou watershed. The rainfall was not the main reason for the difference in the sediment yield between the two small watersheds. The conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland was the main reason for the decrease in the soil erosion in the Fangta watershed, while the weathered sandstone and bare land were the main factors driving the high sediment yield in the Manhonggou watershed. Knowledge of the sediment deposition process of check‐dams and the variation in the catchment sediment yield under different soil erosion conditions can serve as a basis for the implementation of improved soil erosion and sediment control strategies, particularly in semi‐arid hilly–gully regions. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

滇西北铜厂沟Mo-Cu矿床岩体年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

铜厂沟大型斑岩型Mo-Cu多金属矿床位于扬子西缘义敦岛弧带南端,钼矿化与花岗闪长斑岩紧密相关。花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为84.57±0.29Ma(MSWD=0.73),侵位于晚白垩世。岩石的Si O2为63.03%~69.60%,Na2O+K2O为6.97%~9.11%,具高钾钙碱性和准铝质-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.88~1.05)特征。岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Pb等),相对亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(Ti、Nb、P等),并且具有较高的Sr/Y和La/Yb比值,及较低的Y、Yb及Mg O含量。这些地球化学特征表明铜厂沟花岗闪长斑岩具有埃达克质岩石的特征,可能起源于加厚下地壳岩石的部分重熔。地球化学投图显示,铜厂沟岩体呈现出晚碰撞-碰撞后花岗岩特征,指示着岩体可能形成于陆内碰撞造山后由挤压转换为伸展构造环境;岩浆上侵过程中含矿热液沿构造发育部位运移,在酸性岩体内形成细脉浸染状钼(铜钨)矿化,在构造破碎带、层间滑动带和玄武岩与碳酸盐岩接触带交代形成矽卡岩型Cu、Pb、Zn多金属矿体和热液脉型Pb、Zn、Ag多金属矿体,构成钼(铜钨)→铜钼→铁铜金→铅锌的成矿元素分带和斑岩成矿系统。     

Joint observation of long period tremor signals with broadband seismometer,tiltmeter and gravimeter

We report here the observation result of joint observation of long period tremor signals with broadband seismome-ter,tiltmeter and gravimeter at the HUST(Huazhong University of Science and Technology)station.The observed data were compared and analyzed.Since 2005,the several tens of abnormal tremor signals which are weak,com-plex and duration of 2 to 3 days have been synchronously recorded by the different instruments.The tremor signals have the periodic domain in the range of 3 to 5 minutes,20 to 30 minutes and even more than 1 hour.The observa-tion shows such tremors are a physical existence.The analysis indicates that a part of the tremors caused by the typhoon from the western Pacific Ocean.These tremors have a close relationship with wind velocity of typhoon and distance between the typhoon center and the station.Except these,the cause of others is still unclear.     

辐射传输模式中地表参数对大气长波辐射的影响

本文利用Liou-Ou一维宽带辐射传输模式，对地表热力参数取值部分作了改进，使用模式大气和青藏高原实测资料对下垫面温度与地表空气温度两者不能合二为一的问题进行了分析，同时还讨论了下垫面温度的日变化对大气长波辐射通量日变化的影响及地表比辐射率的变化对大气长波辐射通量计算结果的修正作用。