DOT2008A海面地形模型在我国邻近海域的精度评估

文中首先介绍了DOT2008A模型建立的原理和方法,利用我国48个长期验潮站19 a连续观测数据验证DOT2008A模型的精度,其均方差为0.118 m,残差的标准偏差为0.086 m;联合多源测高卫星建立的海面地形模型数据验证DOT2008A的精度,均方差为0.106 m,残差的标准偏差为0.099 5 m,且其残差分布图基本符合正态分布。从实验结果来看,DOT2008A模型在我国周边海域精度较高,其建立方法较为合理,转化应用价值较高;同时与多源测高卫星建立的海面地形比较结果来看,验证了自主建立的海面地形模型的正确性,对建立我国高精度海面地形模型具有重要的借鉴意义。     

An improved building detection approach using L-band POLSAR two-dimensional time-frequency decomposition over oriented built-up areas

The objective of this study is to efficiently extract detailed information about various man-made targets in oriented built-up areas using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) images. This paper develops an improved approach for building detection by utilizing Two-Dimensional Time-Frequency (2-D TF) decomposition. This method performs outstandingly in distinguishing between man-made and natural targets based on the isotropic behaviors, frequency-sensitive responses, and scattering mechanisms of objects. The proposed method can preserve the spatial resolution and exploit the advantages of TF decomposition; specifically, the exact outlines of buildings can be effectively located, and more types of features (e.g., flat roofs, roads, and walls that are oblique to the radar illumination) can be distinguished from forests in complex built-up areas by 2-D TF decomposition. The coarser-resolution subaperture images that are produced in the azimuth direction, which correspond to different looking angles, are beneficial for detecting man-made structures with main scattering centers oriented at oblique angles with respect to the radar illumination. In the range direction, the obtained subaperture images, which correspond to various observation frequencies, can be helpful in distinguishing flat roofs and roads from forests. This method was successfully implemented to analyze both NASA/JPL L-band AIRSAR and L-band EMISAR data sets. The building detection results of the proposed method exhibit a significant improvement over those of other methods and reach an overall accuracy over 80%, with approximately 20% higher than the accuracies of K-means clustering and the entropy/alpha-Wishart classifier and approximately 10% higher than the accuracy of the support vector machine method. Moreover, building details can be precisely detected, obliquely oriented buildings can be identified, and the distinction between buildings and forests is significantly improved, as both visually and statistically indicated. This method is highly adaptable and has substantial application value.     

基于经验模式分解的太阳南北半球黑子面积的Rieger-type周期相位分析

采用经验模式分解技术研究了从第12到第24太阳活动周黑子面积数据中的Rieger-type周期,以及它们在南北半球上的相位关系。研究发现:(1)Rieger-type周期尺度以及时间尺度在两个半球上是不一样的,从而导致了半球分布的不对称性;(2)平均Rieger-type周期在北半球上的周期长度略大于南半球上的;(3)占主导地位半球的Rieger-type周期的相位不一定是超前的,半球Rieger-type周期尺度相近的也并不一定是相关性强的。     

高温焙烧对白云母晶体结构和物性影响研究

通过X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线粉晶衍射分析、热重分析、扫描电镜等表征手段,研究焙烧温度对白云母晶体结构特征、物性变化的影响.结果表明:白云母在25～1 200℃温度范围的加热过程变化主要分为三个阶段:25～500℃,该焙烧温度段对白云母的晶体结构、光学性质、表面形貌影响甚小;600～1 000℃,白云母虽保持片层状晶体结...     

Microtremor-based analysis of the dynamic response characteristics of earth-fissured sites in the Datong basin,China

This study conducted microtremor testing along six survey lines that cross three typical earth fissures in the Datong basin to determine the dynamic response characteristics of earth fissure sites with regard to the Fourier amplitude spectrum, response spectrum, and Arias intensity. The results show the following.(1) The predominant frequency of an earth fissure site is mainly affected by the thickness and the shear wave velocity of the soil layer and is minimally effected by the presence of an earth fissure.(2) Earth fissures have a pronounced amplification effect on dynamic response. Fourier amplitude, response acceleration, and Arias intensity are high near an earth fissure and decrease with an increase in distance from the earth fissure, tending toward stability at a distance of 20 m.(3) The area that is seriously affected by this amplification is within 6–8 m of an earth fissure, and the general affected area is farther out than this, to a distance of 25 m.(4) New construction should be avoided in an area affected by the amplification, and existing buildings in general and seriously affected areas need to be reinforced to increase their seismic fortification intensity.     

2004年6月孝感市一次大暴雨预报失误原因探析

为了提高基层气象台站暴雨预报与服务的水平,使用T213等数值分析预报产品资料,采取预报与实况对比分析方法,对2004年6月下旬孝感市一次大暴雨预报失误的原因进行了探析。结果表明,此次预报失误的主要原因,一是数值预报产品存在明显误差,二是上级气象台指导预报精细化不够,三是孝感市气象台预报工具出现偏差,四是本地预报经验方法存在不足。     

大型GNSS观测网的并行计算

CGCS2000精化及其全球拓展需要采用最新的模型,处理长期积累的大型GNSS观测网数据,大型GNSS网联合、快速和协同解算是空间基准精化、维持与服务的重要技术方向.在大数据技术背景下,以并行计算、云计算为代表的高性能计算技术逐渐成为大规模数据处理的首选方法.针对海量、多源、异构GNSS数据在解算处理与平差分析等方面面...     

夏季通风气象指数预报

随着人们生活水平的提高,对室内污染越来越关注,应"中国室内环境监测委员会"提出的需求,通风气象指数于2006年6月首次向北京公众发布,文章就首先研发并投入业务使用的夏季通风指数给出了详细论述.通过对2005年夏季(6～8月)的各气象要素(气压、温、湿、风、能见度、天空状况等)资料共1790个数据做检验分析,最终选取体感温度为主要预报因子并综合考虑夏季特殊天气条件和风力以及污染的影响,得出夏季通风指数在一天中7个时段的预报公式,并划分出相应的指数等级.     

北极苔原新奥尔松地区的地表辐射特征

利用我国北极黄河站所在地,德国Koldewey站1993-2003年的资料,对新奥尔松地区的地表辐射特征进行了初步分析。结果表明,由于云的影响,新奥尔松极昼期间的日照百分率仅为32.2%。暖季由于下垫面地表冰雪融化,地表反射率迅速减小,地面吸收辐射和地面有效辐射都迅速增大。全年累计的净辐射为正值;暖季是接受太阳辐射能的主要时段,寒季接受的太阳辐射能极少。虽近10年来新奥尔松地区的气温增加十分显著,但各辐射量的变化趋势不明显。地表辐射实测值与同期NCEP/NCAR相邻格点逐日资料的比较表明,NCEP资料对各辐射项模拟的精度不高。     

百色盆地东部兰木组古岩溶储层特征及其主控因素

常规薄片和扫描电镜分析表明,百色盆地上法地区兰木组石灰岩古岩溶储层具低孔渗特点,主要储集空间为后期改造产生的裂缝和溶蚀孔洞;经历了风化壳岩溶和缝洞渗流岩溶两种成因的两期岩溶作用,纵向上分表生岩溶带、渗流岩溶带和潜流岩溶带三个相带。裂缝以构造裂缝为主,以发育开启—半开启的高角度裂缝为主,低角度裂缝次之。有三种储层类型,其中以裂缝—孔洞型的最好,为主力产层,裂缝—孔隙型的次之,孔隙型的最差。影响古岩溶储层空间发育的主控因素为断裂和构造活动、岩石纯度、后期成岩作用的破坏。