Thinning and shrinkage of Laohugou No. 12 glacier in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, from 1957 to 2007

Landsat images, real-time kinematic GPS measurements, and topographic maps were used to determine changes in ice elevation, volume, and areal extent of the Laohugou No. 12 glacier (Qilian Mountains, China) between 1957 and 2007. The glacier experienced significant thinning and areal shrinkage in the ablation zone, but slight thickening in part of the accumulation zone. Elevation decreased by 18.6±5.4 m between 1957 and 2007 in the regions covered by the GPS measurements. The total volume loss for the entire glacier was estimated to be 0.218 km3 using a third-order polynomial fit method. The area diminished by 0.28 km2 between 1957 and 1994, 0.26 km2 between 1994 and 2000, and 0.28 km2 between 2000 and 2007, suggesting that the rate of loss in glacial coverage has increased since the mid-1990s. Significant increases in annual mean air temperature may have contributed to shrinkage and thinning of the glacier.     

基础设施投入效率时空演变及其关联格局研究——基于中国地级以上城市的实证

城市基础设施效率研究是科学评价基础设施发展质量的重要环节.在构建城市基础设施投入效率评价指标体系的基础上,借助MaxDEA软件,运用DEA模型,对2006-2016年中国地级以上城市基础设施投入产出效率进行测度和分解,探究其时空演变特征,并通过ESDA方法分析其空间关联格局.研究结果显示:①中国城市基础设施的总体投入产...     

EGM96和EGM2008地球重力场模型计算弹道扰动引力的比较

给出了利用地球重力场模型计算扰动引力以及重力场模型截断误差的公式,计算了36阶、360阶、2 160阶地球重力场模型在径向和水平方向的截断误差,并对36阶、360阶的EGM96和EGM2008重力场模型计算的弹道扰动引力矢量进行了分析和比较.结果表明,采用重力场模型计算扰动引力时,模型阶数和弹道点的高度越低,模型截断误差越大;EGM96和EGM2008模型的一致性随着模型阶数的升高而逐渐降低.总体来看,EGM2008模型的精度要好于EGM96模型.     

菏泽5.9级地震前后水准测量与承压水变化关系的研究

利用深层承压水头观测结果,对东明——菏泽长水准测线8——9号测段的高差变化进行了回归计算和相关分析。认为菏泽市城区9号测点下沉的主要原因是受深层承压水头变化的影响。排除地下水影响因素后证实,1983年11月7日菏泽5.9级地震前后仅3mm左右的升降变化,表明9号测点对这次中强地震仅能反映微弱的形变信息量。     

渤海盆地现代构造应力场与强震活动

渤海位于北华北新生代裂陷盆地的东部,是一个晚第四纪形成的内陆海盆. 渤海盆地活动断裂发育,地震活动强烈,交会于渤海中部的NE向营口——潍坊断裂带北段、庙西北——黄河口——临邑断裂带及NW向北京——蓬莱断裂带是主要的活动构造带,将海区分成4个次级新构造区,成为现代应力场作用的构造基础. 综合研究38个震源机制解和75个井区应力场等资料,以及构造应力场二维数值模拟计算结果表明,渤海及其邻区现代构造应力场的压应力方向为NE60～90,张应力为SN——NW30;以水平和近水平应力作用为主;不同构造区主应力方向存在一定的差异. 现今渤海地区地壳发育以NNE——NE和NW——WNW走向的共轭剪切破裂为特征,是控制地震活动的主要构造.     

利用激光诱导离解光谱检测铍铝元素区分透闪石白玉产地

利用自行搭建的激光诱导离解光谱仪分析54块新疆、青海、俄罗斯产地的透闪石白玉样品,提出通过检测Be、Al元素来区分白玉产地的方法。使用波长1064 nm的激光器激发样品,4CCD光谱仪采集光谱,为避免外界条件干扰,以透闪石白玉中含量比较固定的Si元素作为内标元素测量原子谱线强度比值IBe/ISi、IAl/ISi,分别代表Be、Al元素的含量变化,重复测量10次的相对标准偏差(RSD)<3%。结果表明,新疆白玉的IBe/ISi为0.3～0.6,IAl/ISi为0.1～0.4;青海白玉IBe/ISi<0.1,IAl/ISi<0.2,显示出低Be低Al的明显特征;俄罗斯白玉的IBe/ISi分为高值和低值两个区域,部分样品的IBe/ISi>0.7,指示Be的含量较高,另一部分样品的IBe/ISi为0.1～0.5,略低于新疆白玉。研究显示Be、Al元素特别是Be元素具有较好的产地指示意义,激光诱导离解光谱技术用于鉴别白玉产地有着较好的推广前景。     

快速GNSS精密布网在偏远海岛无人机遥感监测中的应用

文章提出快速GNSS精密布网技术在无通信信号、无控制点的偏远海岛无人机遥感监测中的应用,并在浙闽交界的七星列岛进行实践,结果表明:采用GNSS精密布网技术融合无人机遥感方法,能够快速获取高精度的海岛3D(DLG、DEM、DOM)和实景三维数据,可为偏远海岛监测评价提供重要的基础地理信息,实现对偏远海岛资源环境和开发利用状况的动态监控。     

春季长江口富营养化水域浮游植物群集对冲淡水和上升流的响应

A comprehensive study on the phytoplankton standing stocks, species composition and dominant species in the eutrophic Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary(CE) was conducted to reveal the response of phytoplankton assemblage to Changjiang Diluted Water(CDW) and upwelling in the spring. Phytoplankton presented peak standing stocks(13.03 μg/L of chlorophyll a, 984.5×103 cells/L of phytoplankton abundance) along the surface isohaline of 25. Sixty-six species in 41 genera of Bacillariophyta and 33 species in 19 genera of Pyrrophyta were identified, as well as 5 species in Chlorophyta and Chrysophyta. Karenia mikimotoi was the most dominant species, followed by Prorocentrum dentatum, Paralia sulcata, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima and Skeletonema costatum. A bloom of K. mikimotoi was observed in the stratified stations, where the water was characterized by low nitrate, low phosphate, low turbidity, and specific ranges of temperature(18–22 °C) and salinity(27–32). K.mikimotoi and P. dentatum accumulated densely in the upper layers along the isohaline of 25. S. costatum was distributed in the west of the isohaline of 20. Benthonic P. sulcata presented high abundance near the bottom,while spread upward at upwelling stations. CDW resulted in overt gradients of salinity, turbidity and nutritional condition, determining the spatial distribution of phytoplankton species. The restricted upwelling resulted in the upward transport of P. sulcata and exclusion of S. costatum, K. mikimotoi and P. dentatum. The results suggested that CDW and upwelling were of importance in regulating the structure and distribution of phytoplankton assemblage in the CE and the East China Sea.     

中国绿洲化及其研究进展

绿洲化是干旱区人与自然因素共同作用下荒漠向绿洲转变的过程。中国绿洲面积从20世纪50年代初期的20 000 km²扩展到2000年的86 000 km²,扩大了3.3倍。绿洲化过程不仅伴随着景观格局的变化,而且会引发土壤、生物、气象和水文等要素的变化。分析了近2 000 a来中国干旱区绿洲的演变过程,评述了绿洲化过程中景观变化,其对绿洲稳定性的影响及绿洲化过程中土壤要素、气象水文要素变化等诸多方面的研究进展,同时提出未来的研究中应加强绿洲化过程研究框架的建立、绿洲化过程中关键因素变化及绿洲化关键过程研究。