Explicit integration of a porosity‐dependent hydro‐mechanical model for unsaturated soils

An adaptive substepping explicit integration scheme is developed for a porosity‐dependent hydro‐mechanical model for unsaturated soils. The model is referred to as the modified σ –Θ model in this paper, which features the employment of the subloading surface plasticity and the stress–saturation approach. On numerical aspects, convex/nonconvex subloading surfaces in the σ –Θ space may result in incorrect loading–unloading decisions during the integration. A new loading–unloading decision method is developed here to solve the problem and then embedded into the explicit integration scheme for the modified σ –Θ model. In addition, to enhance the accuracy of the explicit integration, local errors from both hydraulic and mechanical components are included in the error control for each substep. A drift correction method is also developed to ensure the state point lies on the subloading surface in the σ –Θ space within a set error level. The performance of the loading–unloading decision method for the modified σ –Θ model is discussed through comparing it with the conventional loading–unloading decision method. The importance of involving the hydraulic component in the error control is also demonstrated. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed adaptive substepping explicit integration scheme for the modified p–Θ model are also studied via several numerical examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

辽宁省本溪北台铁矿的构造控制规律——运用构造解析解决找矿问题的一个实例

本溪北台铁矿为产于太古宙鞍山群中的BIF.矿体形态、产状均甚复杂.构造解析表明,这种复杂性是由于经受了至少三期构造变形所引起的.本文在详细剖析各期构造变形及其对铁矿体的控制规律的基础上,提出了深部找矿方向,已得到实践验证,经济效果显著.     

南极温度的时空特征及其与我国夏季天气的关系

本文利用南极地区20个站1958—1983年逐年逐月温度资料和同期南方涛动指数、北半球高度场资料及我国大范围温度和降水资料,对南极地区冷暖变化规律及其与北半球大气环流和我国夏季降水的关系进行了初步分析。发现南极地区的温度和南方涛动都存在准3年振荡,我国华北地区的夏季温度与前期和同期南极大陆的温度存在显著的遥相关。 当南极大陆夏季温度偏高时,翌年我国华北地区夏季降水往往偏多,东北地区夏季温度偏低,反之亦然。     

MIS6期以来热带西太平洋降雨与ITCZ的关系

通过Ontong-Java海台KX97322-4孔沉积物中浮游有孔虫表层种Globigerinoides ruber的Mg/Ca海表温度(SST)并结合其 δ18O得到过去约200ka B.P. 以来当地水文(盐度和降雨)指标,结果表明从MIS 6期以来,热带太平洋暖池区温度变化存在明显的冰期-间冰期波动,降温幅度超过3℃.通过与赤道东太平洋对比表明热带太平洋在过去冰消期和冰期中的升温阶段呈现出类 El Niño 的状态,向两极输送水汽和热量.在冰消期,热带太平洋纬向温度梯度降低,全球升温,全球冰量下降.在冰期中升温阶段(MIS 6)热带太平洋纬向温度梯度降低时全球冰量却持续增加,可能此时输送热量不足以使两极冰川融化,带来的水汽又促进了两极冰川的形成.通过与中国石笋记录和热带降雨记录对比,表明热带太平洋纬向温度梯度的变化与热带辐合带(ITCZ)的移动密切相关,并且影响到东亚夏季风的降雨状况,热带太平洋类ENSO过程可能对ITCZ的变化存在内部系统调谐的作用.     

安康一次连续性暴雨过程分析

根据不同代表点降水资源特征，通过对渗水地膜性能与栽培试验结果分析，得出了进行渗水地膜栽培可提高干旱、半干旱地区10mm以下降水利用率的结论，展望了旱作农业区使用渗水地膜的前景。     

Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variation of the Winter Wheat Late Frost Disaster in Henan, China

The winter wheat late frost disaster(WFD) occurs mainly in the Yellow and Huaihe River area,of which Henan Province covers the most part.Henan is the major area of wheat production in China,but it is severely hit by the WFD.In this study,we construct a WFD index based on the minimum temperature and the winter wheat development period(WDP).The WFD degrees and days at 30 agrometeorological stations in Henan Province during the period of 1981-2004 are calculated.For the large-scale temporal variation analysis of WFD,the 24-yr WDP observation series is relatively short,so it is expanded by using the relation between the turning green date of winter wheat and the 5-day running mean temperature and that between the stem elongation phase and the effective cumulative temperature above a critical value of 2.5 ℃.The WFD data are also expanded for the last 50 years and are analyzed by using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) and the Morlet wavelet methods.Characteristics in the spatial distribution and temporal variation of WFD are revealed.The results show that the frequency of WFD is generally high,exceeding 40% in parts of Henan,and exhibits a rising trend in the period of 1970-1990.The variation trend of WFD degrees is similar to that of WFD days,and the areas with higher WFD degrees coincide the areas with more WFD days.Moreover,the WFD degree has a greater impact on the winter wheat yield than the WFD days.The areas with high WFD degrees lie in the southeast and southwest of Henan,and the areas with low WFD degrees lie in the south of the Huaihe River and parts of western Henan.Temporal variations of the first and second EOF modes of the WFD degree display 16-and quasi-22-yr periodicities,respectively.The areas of high(low) WFD frequency are distributed in the northern Henan and the southwest border of Henan(the northeast Henan and the middle part of southwest Henan).The temporal variation of the first(second) EOF mode of WFD days exhibits a periodicity(periodicities) of quasi-4 yr(quasi-3 and quasi-6-7 yr).     

甘肃祁连山主动源重复探测项目建设及震源重复性分析

甘肃祁连山主动源重复探测激发源位于甘肃省张掖市祁连山西流水水库,2015年7月9日各系统开始正式运行,11月10日完成了为期40天的连续激发实验。观测资料处理结果表明,气枪震源具有良好的一致性和可重复性,整个观测系统能比较清晰地记录到震源激发的信号。祁连山主动源项目建设取得的结果可为主动源探测工作提供宝贵经验和科学借鉴,不断取得的观测数据为跟踪了解祁连山地区的深部结构时空变化提供了可能。     

Paleogene marine deposition records of rifting and breakup of the South China Sea: An overview

A compilation of available marine deposition data from offshore S-SE China reveals evidence of rifting and breakup of the South China Sea (SCS) during the Paleogene. Marine deposition started earlier in the Paleocene in the East China Sea (ECS)-Taiwan region before expanding southwestward into the SCS region in the middle Eocene. Our data indicate the existence of an elongated Paleogene China Sea in these areas stretching along the northeasterly structural belts, probably as part of the marginal western paleo-Pacific. The southwestward shift of marine influence in the middle Eocene was responding to a period of intensive rifting and subsidence in the SCS region, while the sea in the ECS-Taiwan region started to shrink and shoal after the late Eocene, likely associated with local breakup and initial spreading in the Taiwan-Taixinan Basin area. The accumulation of hemipelagic sediments at ODP 1148 and IODP U1435 from near the continent-ocean boundary and at many other shelf-slope sites was in response to a large-scale breakup 34 to 33 Ma ago, subsequently leading to the birth of the SCS in the Oligocene.     

桂林晚白垩世红色岩溶建造中溶积钙质泥岩的成因及地质意义初探

本文从土壤学的角度,探讨桂林晚白垩世红色岩溶建造中溶积钙质泥岩的成因及其所反映的岩溶环境和岩溶发育特征。通过溶积钙质泥岩与石灰土两者特征的比较,论证前者为古溶蚀残余成土作用的产物,经沉积-堆积再固结而成。并通过两者形成条件及演化过程的分析,推论桂林在晚白垩世时期主要为炎热多雨的气候环境,岩溶发育,地貌组合形态以峰丛洼地为主。      

贺兰山地区沙尘暴若干问题的观测研究

利用贺兰山地区沙尘暴历史资料和综合观测资料 ,对大气背景、浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴发生期间的大气气溶胶数浓度谱、质量谱、大气总悬浮颗粒 (TSP)及粒径分布、微气象、分光日射观测以及沙尘样品进行中子活化处理 ,分析了该地区浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴形成规律 ,气候变化特征和贺兰山的影响。并综合研究了沙尘气溶胶尺度谱特征、光学厚度和化学组分等变化特征 ,提出了若干结果。