设置黏滞阻尼器的钢结构实用减震设计方法

黏滞阻尼器作为一种有效的消能减震装置,已在钢结构建筑中得到了大量应用.然而由于钢结构的延性和阻尼特征,实用的钢结构附加黏滞阻尼器设计方法仍需深度探讨.文中提出一种基于黏滞阻尼器延性需求的减震设计方法.首先,根据钢结构需求量化层间位移角性能目标及目标附加阻尼比,计算黏滞阻尼器延性需求,并确定黏滞阻尼器布置数量、进行控制效...     

基于场源内部理论的井中重力正演方法研究

井中重力测量是通过在一系列井中测点停放井中重力仪从而探测重力随深度变化(即重力垂直梯度)的一种井中地球物理方法,已经成功地应用于油气勘探,储集层评价,储层监测及流体性质识别等方面。井中重力测量与传统重力测量相比,最大优势在于它可以无限地接近场源,但当井中重力仪深入到场源内部时,由于测点与场源点距离为"0"而使基本重力公式失效,因此这里提出一种基于场源内部理论的井中重力正演方法,分别实现了二维和三维的数值计算,并设计模型验证了该方法的有效性。     

我国西南山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化趋势研究

降雨是我国西南山区土壤侵蚀的主要动力因素,降雨侵蚀力反映了降雨对土壤侵蚀的潜在能力,研究降雨侵蚀力的时空变化趋势对我国西南山区土壤侵蚀的监测、评估、预报和治理具有重要意义。利用1960—2009年129个气象站逐日降雨量资料,计算出西南山区各气象站逐年降雨侵蚀力。采用趋势系数、气候倾向率和克吕格插值等方法对西南山区降雨侵蚀力50年来的时空变化趋势进行了探讨。结果表明:西南山区降雨侵蚀力空间分布特征与年降水量的空间分布特征一致;西南山区西北部的青藏高原区域降雨侵蚀力年际变化明显,变差系数Cv一般高于0.40;西南山区大部地区降雨侵蚀力呈上升趋势,说明由降雨侵蚀力引起的土壤侵蚀风险在增加,但在成都平原附近降雨侵蚀力在明显下降;降雨侵蚀力变化趋势系数随海拔高度升高而不断增加,在海拔2 500 m以上地区尤为明显,西南山区西北部的高海拔地区海拔高度对降雨侵蚀力增加具有放大效应。     

梨树断陷油气藏分布特征与成藏模式

松辽盆地南部梨树断陷油气资源丰富、类型多样,西北到东南发育的3条SW—NE走向的断裂带控制了油气的展布和聚集,而油气藏类型从西南深坳到东北斜坡可划分为纯气带、油气带和纯油带等3个呈近NW向展布的油气分布带。梨树断陷发育2套主要的烃源层系,分别为沙河子组和营城组,其有机质丰度、类型相对较好。油源对比表明,梨树断陷原油除了对应2类不同成因烃源岩类型的原油外,还有以两者混源、分布较广的原油。地质及地化指标分析均表明油气沿斜坡、断层从深坳向斜坡运移;通过包裹体分析结合埋藏史和热演化史模拟可见,梨树断陷具有3期成藏且不同地区不同层位差异较大。通过上述分析认为,梨树断陷油气藏与烃源岩成熟演化以及油气向斜坡运移有关,分布具备形成差异聚集的地质条件。梨树断陷具有多期成藏中晚期强调整、多期成藏晚期弱调整以及晚期成藏3种主要油气成藏聚集模式。     

Determining air permeability in reclaimed coastal land based on tidal fluctuations

Coastal land reclamation is a common practice in many regions around the World. A reclaimed coastal land often has a two-layer system: a highly permeable layer consisting of crushed rock fragments underneath a less permeable layer. This study deals with vertical airflow in a reclaimed coastal land induced by the periodic variations of water table elevation due to tide fluctuations. The influence of atmospheric pressure fluctuations can be easily dealt with through a simple superposition procedure reported by Li and Jiao, thus is not considered here. A time-series Fourier analysis method is developed to determine air permeability based on a tide-induced airflow model reported by Li and Jiao for the reclaimed coastal land. This method employs the amplitude attenuations of subsurface air pressure to search for values of dimensionless air-leaking-resistance which can be subsequently used to calculate air permeability. Two types of data, the air pressure data in the upper less permeable layer and the tidal fluctuation data, are required to calculate the air permeability. Type curves relating to the amplitude attenuations and the relative depth can also be used to determine the values of air permeability. A field site in Hong Kong International Airport is used to demonstrate the applicability of this method for reclaimed coastal land consisting of a marine sand layer above a layer of crushed rock fragments. The application shows that the amplitude attenuations of diurnal and semi-diurnal components in the Fourier series are most reliable for determining the value of air permeability.     

Mark on the globe: a quest for scientific bases of geographic information and its international influence

David M. Mark published his first journal article in 1970. Since then, he has written or coauthored more than 220 publications over a period of 40 years as of 28 May 2012. Based on data from Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar, Mark’s publications have been cited over 7410 times by researchers in more than 80 countries or regions as of 28 May 2012, when this paper was first prepared. The geographic extent of Mark’s scholarly influence is truly global. An examination of his 20 most cited articles reveals that his work in diverse areas as digital elevation models, geomorphology, geographic cognition, and ontology of the geospatial domain enjoyed a lasting impact worldwide.     

内蒙古黄花滩铜、镍矿矿床地质特征及矿床成因

本文简要介绍了黄花滩铜、镍矿床的矿石性质和矿床成因,认为黄花滩铜镍矿床属典型的岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床,矿床形成主要受岩浆作用和构造作用控制。结合实际的工作情况提出有效的找矿方法。     

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基于AMDAR资料应用于中国周边海域飞机颠簸的统计分析

基于2002—2011年共10 a的AMDAR资料,用于中国周边海域(0~35°N,110~150°E)越洋飞行飞机颠簸的时空分布和变化规律分析。研究指出:南海比西北太平洋海域更容易发生重度以上的飞机颠簸;全年中6月最容易发生颠簸,而9月至次年2月发生重度和严重颠簸的百分率明显减小;5 km以下,发生轻度和重度颠簸的百分率随高度增大而减小,8 km以上重度颠簸的发生百分率稳定在0.2%左右,边界层顶和对流层顶附近容易发生严重颠簸,发生的百分率分别为0.27%和0.18%;随着风速增大发生颠簸的概率一般也增大,在对流层上层风速大于40 m/s时,发生重度和严重颠簸的百分率都明显增大,达到0.2%左右。冷半年风向为NNE以及暖半年风向为SSW时,发生重度颠簸的百分率达4%左右;严重颠簸发生在暖半年的概率较大,暖半年吹SSE至ESE风时,发生百分率为0.25%~0.3%,但暖半年吹正北风或冷半年吹正南风时,也易发生严重颠簸。     

Geographical variation and controlling mechanism of eddy-induced vertical temperature anomalies and eddy available potential energy in the South China Sea

Ocean Dynamics - Using observational temperature profiles, this study reveals that eddy-induced oceanic vertical temperature anomalies are geographically varying in the South China Sea (SCS). The...