森林火险气象指数及其构建方法回顾

森林火灾是威胁地球生态的主要灾害之一。为实现对林区起火可能性大小、火灾强度、火灾蔓延速度以及火灾扑救难易程度进行评估和预测，国内外专家学者利用森林火灾与气象条件之间的关系研制了诸多森林火险气象指数的构建方法。作者对近几十年来国内外森林火险气象指数的研究工作进行回顾和总结，得出广泛应用的火险指数可以归纳为指数查对法、综合指标法和统计回归法等3种类型，究其原理和使用效果，各有优缺点。在实际使用过程中，需要结合我国的气候和环境特点进行适用性修正和完善。     

松花江干流（哈尔滨段）春季最低水位预测方法

利用1949~2003年松花江(哈尔滨段)最低水位资料,分析松花江干流(哈尔滨段)春季最低水位变化规律和典型枯水年成因,分析了其与松花江、嫩江等松花江流域面雨量的相关性,与拉尼娜、厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子等的关系。以松花江、嫩江、第二松花江流域7~11月面雨量总和及前一年松花江干流(哈尔滨段)最高水位为因子,预测2004~2013年松花江干流(哈尔滨段)最低水位。利用方差周期方法、均生函数方法对2004~2013年拉尼娜、厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子及松花江、嫩江、第二松花江流域月面雨量进行预测,并以此预测对2004~2013年松花江干流(哈尔滨段)最低水位进行订正,得出预测结论。     

参考文献著录规则应用及注意的问题

通过对《文后参考文献著录规则》的学习和理解,阐明参考文献著录方法,列举了有关著录事例和著录时应注意的问题。为著者撰写学术论文提供参考,以便提高学术论文和科技期刊质量。     

Genetic Programming Approach for Predicting Surface Subsidence Induced by Mining

INTRODUCTIONThe study of surface subsidence resulting fromunderground mining holds significance in view ofbeneficial effects on national economy and people’sliving conditions.As is known,a large quantity ofminerals need to be exploited for modernization con-struction.Mining leads to surface subsidence,someunderground engineering and production facilities aredestroyed accordingly,which blocks the developmentof production and retards people’s living standard.To solve this contradiction,su…     

Linking the Sulu UHP belt to the Korean Peninsula: Evidence from eclogite, Precambrian basement, and Paleozoic sedimentary basins

Considerable debate on whether and how the Sulu Orogenic Belt extends eastward to the Korean Peninsula has remained over the past decade. New results reported here include the following: (1) an eclogite and retrograded eclogite-bearing complex (Hongseong Complex) is discovered in South Korea, in which the eclogite occurs as lenses in circa  810–820 Ma granitic gneiss. SHRIMP zircon dating of the eclogite yields  230 Ma for the metamorphic age and  880 Ma for the protolith age; (2) The basement of the Rangnim, Gyeonggi and Yeongnam massifs have affinities to the basement of the North China Block (NCB). However the Gyeonggi Massif encloses a minor amount of large or small slabs of the Hongseong Complex that are similar to the rocks of the Sulu Belt. (3) Two main Paleozoic basins within the Rangnim and Gyeonggi massifs have a similar Paleozoic tectono-stratigraphy to the NCB. (4) The Imjingang and Ogcheon belts do not exhibit any metamorphic characteristics of collisional orogenic belts. Based on these facts, we propose a crustal-detachment and thrust model and suggest that the collision belt between the Yangtze Block (YB) and NCB (Sino–Korea Craton) is preserved along the western margin of the Korean Peninsula. The lower part of the UHP metamorphosed lithosphere of the YB was subducted under the Korean Peninsula and not uplifted to the surface. The lower crust of the YB (the Hongseong Complex) was detached from the subducted lithosphere and thrust over the Korean Peninsula, and inserted into the basement rocks of the Gyeonggi Massif. The upper crust of the YB possibly was detached from the lower crust and overthrusted along the Honam and Chugaryong shear zones. The Imjingang and Ogcheon belts possibly represent the detached upper crust of YB and their present occurrences are controlled by a Mesozoic strike–slip shear structure. All these detached lower and upper crustal slabs were strongly deformed during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous tectonic event leading to their present geological distribution and characteristics.     

京津冀地区地下流体数字化观测数据完整率及其地震前兆监测有效性的调查与分析

在北京、天津、河北二市一省部分地区抽样调查了13口井水位、11口井水温、5口井气氡、2口井气汞、2口井氦气数字化观测现状,统计分析了其数据完整率及观测断记次数与数据缺失量;在调查观测数据断记及其原因的基础上,进一步统计分析了数据缺失的主要原因,分析了连续完整的数据系列在地震前兆监测中的有效性。研究结果表明,除了氦气之外,水位、水温、气氡与气汞4大主要测项的运行,总体上是正常的;但多数井多数测项存在断记与数据缺失的问题,其主要原因是仪器故障与运行不正常,其次是停电、通信线路故障与雷击,此外还存在原因不明的断记与缺数的问题;以井统计,约有1/2的水位与水温观测井可在地震中期与短临前兆中发挥作用,而气氡、气汞等化学量观测只在地震短临前兆监测中,约有一半的井有可能发挥一定效能。     

偏重钻铤在丁集矿冻结造孔施工中的应用

钻井技术的关键是预防及控制孔斜,通过对目前常用4种防斜钻具组合的适岩性、井深、井斜及钻效等指标对比,在冻结造孔施工中选用了适用地层广、防斜性能好并具有纠斜作用的偏重钻铤。为发挥偏重钻铤的防斜作用,宜增大转速,并使钻铤减去部分的重量应位于离轴线尽可能远的部位。在淮南丁集冻结孔施工的三十多口钻孔中,井斜一般均在0．5°以内,钻效超过2400m/台·月。     

JMD型滤池双层滤料的净水试验及比较

大量的试验数据表明石英砂和陶粒组成的双层滤料，其净水处理性能明显好于石英砂和无烟煤双层滤料以及单层石英砂滤料，特别是出水浊度、微絮凝作用，反冲洗周期、藻类的去除、絮凝剂的使用量等指标上具有明显优势，陶粒做为一种新的水处理滤料，正被应用于净水和污水处理。     

秦巴山区暴雨及其诱发地质灾害的特征分析

MapGis气象分析系统,借助Micaps系统提供的大量数据,转换为简单、直观、准确的图形,大大增加了节目创作的方便性、准确性和灵活性。向公众展示实用性、指导性更强的气象服务项目,满足了人民群众对气象信息精细化的需求,在电视媒体中向观众发布灾害性天气及次生灾害落区预报,为防灾减灾趋利避害提供科学指导。