泾县地震台地磁核旋观测干扰排除分析

地磁观测是地震预报中重要的前兆手段之一。识别干扰,排除干扰,对保证观测资料的可靠尤为重要。我们根据泾县地震台地磁核旋观测过程中遇到的问题,利用对比观测方法,对观测数据进行分析,结果表明该仪器工作正常,性能稳定,精度很高;同时指出,在观测过程中应注意的一些问题,并排除了影响泾县地震台地磁观测的干扰源。     

禁渔初期鄱阳湖流域柘林水库鱼类资源时空分布格局及影响因子

为了解长江十年禁渔初期鄱阳湖流域柘林水库鱼类资源时空分布格局及其影响因子,于2020年9月(秋季)、12月(冬季)和2021年4月(春季)、7月(夏季),采用渔获物抽样和水声学探测相结合的方法对柘林水库鱼类群落和资源密度的时空动态进行调查,并利用广义可加模型(generalized additive model, GAM)识别了影响鱼类资源变化的关键因子。调查期间共采集鱼类5目12科36属54种,鲤形目鱼类占比最高为70.38%,鳙(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)、(Hemiculter leucisculus)和黄尾鲴(Xenocypris davidi)为优势种。水声学探测结果表明,鱼类密度(ind./1000 m³)具有明显的时空异质性,春、夏季(10.42±17.57和16.34±11.89)显著高于秋、冬季(2.74±3.33和2.02±5.07),中游(3.18±4.76)则显著低于上、下游(11.20±15.66和5.37±9.33)。GAM模型对鱼类密度的总偏差解释率为84.6%,其中经纬度、季节、叶绿素a浓度和溶解氧对鱼类密度的影响效应显著,水深和总氮的影响不显著。鱼类主要分布在29.12°~29.30°N,115.05°~115.15°E区域,显著影响鱼类分布的溶解氧和叶绿素a浓度范围分别为9~12 mg/L和5~15 μg/L。柘林水库鱼类呈现小型化趋势,为维护生态系统稳定性和鱼类多样性,后续需加强对鱼类群落结构和时空分布格局影响的机制方面的相关研究。     

基于波形特征的露天钼矿微震事件的识别分析——以卓资山钼矿为例

基于前人研究成果以及现场的实测结果,采用卓资山露天钼矿微震监测项目产出资料,提取了5类微震事件的波形特征和时频特征。波形特征显示:微地震的振幅、辐射均匀性和频率变化特征表明微地震是由于岩层受到单力偶和剪切力作用破裂而产生;爆破具有P波初动方向向上、S波不易识别的特点,包含“初震段、主震段、尾波段”三段变化形态;小型边坡滑坡波事件属楔体滑坡,是由多个“加速—缓冲—终止”构成,波形是由包络线呈“V”字形的多组脉冲波列组成;机械开采震动事件具有自振能量不变、脉冲幅度相差很大、持续时间间隔不确定的特点;运输车辆波形振幅具有形态“弱—强—弱”、等频率、包络线呈多段纺锤形的特征。时频空间分布可以分为相对独立、界限分明的两类:一类包含微地震、爆破、机械开采、小型边坡滑坡事件,另一类只包含车辆运输事件。     

基于长江安徽段气枪主动源实验庐江台阵的台站对双差地震速度成像

针对气枪主动源监测中相位加权叠加数据绝对到时拾取可能存在较大误差的问题,提出基于台站之间叠加信号波形的相似性,利用台站对波形的互相关得到更准确到时差的策略。在此基础上,将台站对双差地震速度成像方法直接用于台站对到时差数据,以确定地下介质的速度异常。本文利用长江安徽段气枪实验在庐江临时地震台阵接收到的数据进行了测试,发现基于波形互相关得到的到时差数据比绝对到时数据更准确。最后,采用台站对双差地震成像的方法,得到了庐江台阵覆盖区域的地壳三维速度异常模型,继而确定了该地区较大尺度的地下结构分布。     

Tomographic inversion of near-surface <Emphasis Type="Italic">Q</Emphasis> factor by combining surface and cross-hole seismic surveys

The estimation of the quality factor Q plays a fundamental role in enhancing seismic resolution via absorption compensation in the near-surface layer. We present a new geometry that can be used to acquire field data by combining surface and cross-hole surveys to decrease the effect of geophone coupling on Q estimation. In this study, we drilled number of receiver holes around the source hole, each hole has different depth and each geophone is placed geophones into the bottom of each receiver hole to avoid the effect of geophone coupling with the borehole wall on Q estimation in conventional cross-hole seismic surveys. We also propose a novel tomographic inversion of the Q factor without the effect of the source signature, and examine its stability and reliability using synthetic data. We estimate the Q factors of the near-surface layer in two different frequency bands using field data acquired in the Dagang Oilfield. The results show that seismic absorption in the near-surface layer is much greater than that in the subsurface strata. Thus, it is of critical practical importance to enhance the seismic solution by compensating for near-surface absorption. In addition, we derive different Q factors from two frequency bands, which can be treated, to some extent, as evidence of a frequency-dependent Q.     

中国地震台网初至P波区域三维走时表的建立

基于LLNL-G3Dv3全球P波三维速度模型,应用FMM软件包计算并建立了中国地震台网990个台站的初至P波区域三维走时表．该走时表覆盖了以台站为中心的水平向20°×20°、 垂直向-5.1—80 km （向下为正）的三维空间. 其水平向间隔为0.2°,垂直向间隔为5 km．这样对于任一深度小于80 km的震源,均可以应用此三维走时表计算其到周围10°范围内台站的走时．中国地震台网初至P波区域三维走时表的建立,对于改善区域初至P波走时预测,提高地震定位精度有一定现实意义．     

Research on meteorological thresholds of drought and flood disaster: a case study in the Huai River Basin,China

Together with affected areas of crops from 1978 to 2008, the daily precipitation of 110 stations located in the Huai River Basin during 1959–2008 was used to study the critical conditions when drought and flood occur, based on which the quantitative relationship between the critical condition and the affected area of crops was further studied. Based on the research on the hazard-formative factor of precipitation and the damage degree of crops, the spatial-temporal characteristics of disasters were analyzed, the drought and flood disaster-causing threshold was determined, and the quantitative relationship between the disaster-causing threshold and affected area of crops was established. The results are as the follows: (1) During 1959–2008, extreme precipitation levels were high in the eastern and western part of the Huai River Basin and were low in its central part; the spatial distribution of the coefficient of variation (CV) differed greatly from average extreme precipitation: the series of most stations were located in the central basin, and especially there was a positive trend in Anhui and Henan Provinces. (2) The cumulative precipitation during the disaster period of each station was divided by its mean cumulative precipitation during the same period in 1959–2008 to obtain the disaster-causing threshold, which has shown a good effect on reflecting the actual grade and affected areas in disasters. (3) The relationship among disaster grade, disaster-causing threshold and damage area of crops was established; this threshold can be used as a tool for agricultural disaster assessment and early warning, and can effectively improve the ability to prevent and mitigate disaster in the Huai River Basin. (4) The disaster-causing threshold can be an important input parameter for hazard assessment; other underlying surface indicators can be good supplements for determining the threshold in hazard assessment.     

高压直流输电对泾县地震台地磁观测干扰分析

高压直流输电线路对地磁观测的干扰幅度大,随意性大.泾县地震台地磁观测目前受到附近穿行的多条高压直流输电影响,且无法避免.通过对泾县地震台观测资料分析,就高压直流输电对地磁观测的干扰原理和一些识别的方法有一定认识,并掌握有效剔除方法.     

Discovery of double-peaking potassic volcanic rocks in Langshan Group of the Tanyaokou hydrothermal-sedimentary deposit,Inner Mongolia,and its indicating significance

Since the mid-1980s,Tanyaokou large Zn-Cu-Fe sulfides deposit,located at the southwest end of Langshan-Zhaertaishan-Bayan Obo Mesoproterozoic metallogenic belt in the west section of the northern margin of the North China Platform[1?9](Fig.1),has been confirmed to be submarine volcanic exhalative-sedimentary metamorphosed deposit hosted in the miogeosynclinal mud-carbonaceous formation of the Langshan Group(LG)[1],or submarine volcanic exha-lative-deposition-altered deposit[2]or stratabo…     

矩形钢筋混凝土水处理池震害预测方法及抗震对策

提出了矩形钢筋混凝土水处理池的一种震害预测方法,并对海口市米铺水厂中的水处理池进行了计算分析,论述了水处理池的对抗对策。