Comparative Planetary Space Physics

It has been 60 years since the space physics as new branch of geophysics started to grow in 1957 when the space age was opened by a small satellite called sputnik. The knowledge of Earth and planetary space has been significantly extended and deepened, but the questions we are facing today are more challenging. A consensus reached is that we have to regard the Earth (planet) as an integrated system including all spheres from the inner core to the magnetosphere, and we should try to investigate some questions standing on the ground of interdisciplinary study, especially those questions related to Earth’s (planetary) evolution. Space environment as the outer part of a planetary system, commonly exists in all planets but also exhibits strong diversity. Here, we introduce the short history of basic ideas and methods of comparative study, the advantages on understanding of some issues of global scale, and the prospect from comparative perspective.     

毕节煤矿区晚二叠世煤层稀土元素的物质来源

对取自毕节地区晚二叠世11个可采煤层的13个样品的稀土元素(REE)的物质来源进行分析。发现:海洋来源对稀土元素的富集作用极其微弱;来自植物成因的物质来源小于1%;煤样中δEu负异常,而陆源岩具有Eu负异常的特点。结合晚二叠世多期喷发的峨眉山玄武岩,因此认为稀土元素的物质来源主要受陆源影响和控制。     

西藏当雄地区拉屋矿床磁黄铁矿Re-Os同位素测年 和成矿物质来源示踪

拉屋矿床位于西藏自治区当雄县境内,大地构造位置处于冈底斯成矿区申扎-旁多铜、银、铅、锌、金成矿带,为大型矽卡岩型铜铅多金属矿床。在系统研究拉屋矿床地质地球化学特征的基础上,以矿石的磁黄铁矿为对象,测定Re-Os同位素年龄,获得等时线年龄数据为(309±31)Ma,187Os/188Os的初始值为0.51±0.12,γOs值为306.90~880.29,Re/Os为20.46~80.46。上述结果,结合矿区野外地质特征和稳定同位素特征,证明拉屋矿床主要形成于晚石炭世来故期,其成矿物质来源于地幔,并在喷流过程中与地壳海底卤水汇合,遭受了壳源物质的混染,形成喷流成因矽卡岩型矿床。     

气象应用平台WebGIS产品测试

中国气象局气象探测中心正在开发建设综合气象观测系统运行监控平台(ASOM:Atmospheric Observing systern Operations Monitoring),平台中部分功能采用webGIS技术实现.为了选择相对较好的WebGIS运行支撑平台,对当前主流的3个WebGIS产品进行了测试.从分析气象应...     

长江、黄河大洪水前期地球系统演变的分析

通过分析江、淮、黄、海四大洪共１４个大洪水年的前期地震场特征,发现大洪水前在青藏高原东南地区、亚欧中纬地带和台湾以东洋面三处的有强地震发生,若强震出现在中印缅热点则对应着江淮大小;强震出现在川青甘地区则对应着黄海河大水。引发大水的直接原因是本地区地热涡的强烈发展,它因刚好位于数组”同向等距地热涡族”的相交点上,交相干共振的结果,文中详细分析了１９５４和１９８２年两个个例。最后分析了“中印缅热点”的     

东北冷涡引发的局地暴雨数值模拟研究

利用CDAS-NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料,应用Penn State/NCAR的高分辨率中尺度模式MM5V3-7,成功模拟出2005年7月9—12日东北冷涡诱发的一次连续雷雨过程,重点分析了7月9日造成沈阳及周边地区的一次局地暴雨过程,并对其中的一个连续发展的中β尺度对流系统的演变、中尺度结构特点进行了研究。结果表明：冷涡总是以水平旋转的中高层的干冷空气堆作为其结构特点。在冷涡的东南侧高空干冷堆的边缘区域,轨迹呈直立状,从行星边界层向上穿越整个对流层,显示出该地区存在强对流。干冷堆的边缘区域下方的低层暖湿输送是冷涡局地强对流发展的关键。局地对流发展时,出现干冷堆的边缘区域的S_e上下层接近或者打通现象。     

储层沉积-成岩过程中物性演化的主控因素

对鄂尔多斯盆地Y25、Zh40区块长6段储层的岩石学特征、微观孔隙结构、成岩作用等进行详细研究.研究发现,胶结作用对储层质量的影响具有双重作用.胶结作用一定程度上提高储层的抗压实能力,也为后期的次生溶蚀提供物质基础,但胶结物的产生也占据一定的孔隙空间.两区块储层成岩作用是物性演化的最主要控制因素,储层类型为次生低渗透储层(或成岩型低渗透储层).Y25区块表现为早期胶结作用和后期的溶蚀作用强;Zh40区块表现为早期压实作用强,后期溶蚀作用、交代作用强.储层形成过程中物性演化的主要控制因素是沉积环境基础上,成岩场和构造应力场共同作用的结果.     

西秦岭西段早—中三叠世隆务河群沉积相浅析

区内中—下三叠统隆务河群（T1-2L）属巨厚复理石相,显示出以浊流为主的深海沉积特征;通过沉积相分析,整个隆务河群由下而上呈一个明显的变细、变薄的序列,呈一个较完整的海底扇退积型沉积序列。     

有机蒙脱石层间微结构的分子模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法,对舍烷基长链阳离子表面活性剂改性有机蒙脱石的层间域内分子环境及烷基长链排列状况进行模拟研究,并考察改性剂负载量与层间域含水量的改变对烷基链排列方式和活动性以及表面活性剂离子中N,C原子的分布状况的影响.1.0倍阳离子交换容量改性的有机蒙脱石在含少量水的情况下(干态),N,C原子均呈双层分布,表明烷基长链为双层平卧排列.含水量的提高(湿态)会导致烷基链从双层分布向在层闻域内均匀分布转变.2.0倍阳离子交换容量改性的有机蒙脱石在舍少量水的情况下(干态),烷基链呈双层倾斜分布于层间域内,烷基链的头部靠近四面体片层.含水量的提高(湿态)对烷基链在层间域内分布状态影响有限,但会导致烷基链整体向层间域中心平面移动,水分子优先占据靠近四面体片层的位置.     

Chemical composition of rock-forming minerals and crystallization physicochemical conditions of the Middle Eocene I-type Haji Abad pluton,SW Buin-Zahra,Iran

The Haji Abad intrusion is a well-exposed Middle Eocene I-type granodioritc pluton in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic assemblage (UDMA). The major constituents of the investigated rocks are K-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase, pyroxene, and minor Fe–Ti oxide and hornblende. The plagioclase compositions fall in the labradorite, andesine, and oligoclase fields. The amphiboles range in composition from magnesio-hornblende to tremolite–hornblende of the calcic-amphibole group. Most pyroxenes principally plot in the field of diopside. The calculated average pressure of emplacement is 1.9 kbar for the granodioritic rocks, crystallizing at depths of about 6.7 km. The highest pressure estimated from clinopyroxene geobarometry (5 kbar) reflects initial pyroxene crystallization pressure, indicating initial crystallization depth (17.5 km) in the Haji Abad granodiorite. The estimated temperatures using two-feldspar thermometry give an average 724 °C. The calculated average temperature for clinopyroxene crystallization is 1090 °C. The pyroxene temperatures are higher than the estimated temperature by feldspar thermometry, indicating that the pyroxene and feldspar temperatures represent the first and late stages of magmatic crystallization of Haji Abad granodiorite, respectively. Most pyroxenes plot above the line of Fe³⁺?=?0, indicating they crystallized under relatively high oxygen fugacity or oxidized conditions. Furthermore, the results show that the Middle Eocene granitoids crystallized from magmas with H₂O content about 3.2 wt%. The relatively high water content is consistent with the generation environment of HAG rocks in an active continental margin and has allowed the magma to reach shallower crustal levels. The MMEs with ellipsoidal and spherical shapes show igneous microgranular textures and chilled margins, probably indicating the presence of magma mixing. Besides, core to rim compositional oscillations (An and FeO) for the plagioclase crystals serve as robust evidence to support magma mixing. The studied amphiboles and pyroxenes are grouped in the subalkaline fields that are consistent with crystallization from I-type calc-alkaine magma in the subduction environment related to active continental margin. Mineral chemistry data indicate that Haji Abad granodiorites were generated in an orogenic belt related to the volcanic arc setting consistent with the subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust beneath the central Iranian microcontinent.