最高最低气温突升突降概念模型预报工具初探

通过数理统计和气候分析的方法,得出百色单站24h最高最低气温突升突降的分布特征,进行区间划分和分型.利用概念模型预报方法进行研究,得出最高最低气温突升突降的概念模型预报工具.     

An improved ionosphere interpolation algorithm for network RTK in low-latitude regions

A traditional interpolation algorithm with the linear interpolation method (LIM) using a fixed number of reference stations is widely used in network RTK to obtain the ionospheric delays for the users. In low-latitude regions, where the ionosphere is relatively active, however, large interpolation errors exist, especially for satellites at low elevation angles. Considering the characteristics of “coinciding ionospheric pierce points (CIPPs)” with a similar nature of ionospheric delays, an improved interpolation algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, all stations with CIPPs are used to establish the interpolation model; thus, more precise interpolation model is achieved. To validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, data from some reference stations in Guangdong Province of China were used, and the results are compared with those with the traditional interpolation algorithm. Numerical analysis shows that the interpolation accuracy of the proposed algorithm increases by 10–30% compared with the traditional one. Since the number of reference stations is flexible, the proposed algorithm can also balance the model accuracy with the computation burdens. In addition, the proposed algorithm is less affected by the selection of master reference station. In terms of network RTK on-the-fly positioning, the time-to-first-fix is reduced when replacing the traditional interpolation algorithm with the proposed one.     

Quantifying influence of weather indices on PM_{2.5} based on relation map

Many researches have been conducted on the health influence of Particle Matter with diameters less than 2.5 microns (PM \(_{2.5}\) ). There are also some researches on the cause of PM \(_{2.5}\) . However, such research generally focuses on the economic and political aspect of the environment issue. In this paper, a data-analysis approach of the PM \(_{2.5}\) issue is raised to offer a new viewpoint of this problem. The applied method extracts the relations of air quality system record as a relation map, which illustrates the influence among the parameters in a graph. The method successfully fitted the weather record, and derived from it the influencers of PM \(_{2.5}\) . The result shows that the average temperature, average barometric pressure and concentration of Ozone are all factors that have an influence on the concentration of PM \(_{2.5}.\) A short justification of it is also provided.     

Research on the Historical Data of the 1585 A. D. South Chaoxian Earthquake and Its Seismogenic Structure

In 1585, a Ms53/4 earthquake occurred in the south of Chaoxian county, Anhui Province. The parameters of this earthquake were reported differently in various versions of earthquake catalogues. According to detailed textual research on the historic records of this earthquake, the epicenter location of the earthquake was further confirmed by means of seismo-geological field investigations in the Chaohu-Tongling region along the western Yangtze River valleys. Shallow seismic prospecting and drilling methods were applied in studying the buried fault. The possibility of the existence of seismogenic faults and fault activity in the western Yangtze River area were analyzed in depth, and the causative tectonic background of the 1585 Ms53/4 south Chaoxian earthquake was studied. The results of this study indicate that the Yanjiaqiao-Fengshahu fault, which was active in the early to mid-Pleistocene, is possibly the causative structure of this earthquake.To identifying the seismogenic structure of the 1585 south Chaoxian earthquake will help gain more knowledge about the tectonic background of moderate and small earthquake activity in Eastern China.     

小麦秸杆和残茬覆盖对夏玉米耗水量及产量的影响

夏玉米田进行小麦秸杆和残茬覆盖,可发迹夏玉米耗水规律,减少前期棵间蒸发,增加后期植株蒸腾,促进干物质积毗,使玉米产量和水分利用效率均有明显提高。不同土壤水分利用效率均有明显提高。不同土壤水分状况下,秸杆和残茬覆盖的效果是不同的,产量和水分利用效率以土训湿度较小的地段增加最为明显。说明该技术适用于气候比较干旱的地区,对发展我国北方旱地农业有重要意义。     

CINRAD/SA雷达远程网络智能控制系统设计和应用

新一代天气雷达本身可实现无人值守运行,具有远程软件重启的功能,但雷达各类开关机环节却需要人工现场手动操作。该文详细论述了CINRAD/SA雷达远程网络智能控制系统的设计原理和实现技术,基于远程网络智能控制器,通过继电器模组开关来控制交流接触器,再结合监控软件和监控视频,实现雷达硬件开关机的远程网络智能控制。该系统无需现场干预,可以远程重启设备硬件开关,利用触发指定命令方式,实现了单一开关按键的远程控制功能,并按照逻辑顺序,通过延时处理,开发了智能化的一键开机和关机功能,有效降低了基层台站的维护经费,提高了机务人员工作效益,保障了新一代天气雷达观测数据的连续性和可用性,提高了台站分离、高山站、运行环境艰苦台站的雷达可靠运行。     

一次自动站异常数据的处理

通过对一次自动气象站异常数据的界定与判断,分析了产生异常记录的原因,并提出了处理方法,为提高报表预审质量提供参考。     

Effectiveness of pilot carbon emissions trading systems in China

China is in the process of establishing a national emissions trading system (ETS). Evaluating the implementation effectiveness of the seven pilot ETSs in China is critical for designing this national system. This study administered a questionnaire survey to assess the behaviour of enterprises covered by the seven ETS pilots from the perspective of: the strictness of compliance measures; rules for monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV); the mitigation pressure felt by enterprises; and actual mitigation and trading activities. The results show that the pilot MRV and compliance rules have not yet been fully implemented. The main factors involved are the lack of compulsory force of the regulations and the lack of policy awareness within the affected enterprises. Most enterprises have a shortage of free allowances and thus believe that the ETSs have increased their production costs. Most enterprises have already established mitigation targets. Some of the covered enterprises are aware of their own internal emission reduction costs and most of these have used this as an important reference in trading. Many enterprises have accounted for carbon prices in their long-term investment. The proportion of enterprises that have participated in trading is fairly high; however, reluctance to sell is quite pervasive in the market, and enterprises are mostly motivated to trade simply in order to achieve compliance. Few enterprises are willing to manage their allowances in a market-oriented manner. Different free allowance allocation methods directly affect the pathways enterprises take to control emissions.

Key policy insights

• In the national ETS, the compulsory force of ETS provisions should be strengthened.

• A reasonable level of free allowance shortage should be ensured to promote emission reduction by enterprises.

• Sufficient information should be provided to guide enterprises in their allowance management to activate the market.

• To promote the implementation of mitigation technologies by enterprises, actual output-based allocation methods should be used.

• The government should use market adjustment mechanisms, such as a price floor and ceiling, to ensure that carbon prices are reasonable and stable, so as to guide long-term low carbon investment.

     

涠洲岛附近海面3～6月强对流大风天气气候特征分析

分析了涠洲岛附近海面１９７８～１９９６年３～６月强对流大风天气过程的种类、气候特征、环流形势、影响的天气系统等,了解其出现时间、系统来向、风力大小,为广西海上交通运输、渔业生产、石油平台等防御突发性强对流大风天气提供科学依据。     

谈谈三维汉字动画创作

随着电视天气预报制作系统在气象部门的广泛建立,电视广告的创作成为我们日益关心的话题,利用Autodesk3DStudio（简称为3DS）动国软件创作三维汉字动画则是在电视天气预报背景广告制作过程中经常遇见的问题。本文根据笔者平时的工作经验略作总结,供各级台站在创作电视天气预报背景广告时参考。目前,3DS软件无法直接输入中文汉字,而且3DS使用的字形是中文失量图形,比较特别,一般字处理软件的点阵字库不能为它所用。虽然许多公司已相继开发出了3DS专用的外挂式中文字库,但也只能处理标准字体,在处理有些手写字迹时仍会遇到麻烦…