西藏南部聂拉木地区侏罗纪—白垩纪盆—山转换过程中的沉积学响应

西藏南部聂拉木—定日地区沉积地层记录着侏罗纪被动大陆边缘到白垩纪前陆盆地的盆—山转换演化历史。侏罗纪发育巨大的海侵—海退沉积序列，晚侏罗世喜马拉雅特提斯海底扩张速度明显加快，从0.32 cm/a上升为1.24 cm/a。前陆盆地演化分为早期深水复理石和晚期海相磨拉石两个阶段。前陆早期发育向上急剧加深的深水砂泥质复理石建造、黑色页岩建造和岛弧型火山岩建造沉积；前陆晚期海相磨拉石沉积总体表现为向上变粗、变浅的沉积序列。     

西秦岭地区晚二叠世—早三叠世沉积相分析和沉积古环境再造

青海省同仁地区处于祁连和秦岭造山带的接合部，构造演化历史悠久。本次工作在该地区隆务河一带发现较好的二叠—三叠系剖面。将该剖面从下而上划分为上二叠统石关组、下三叠统果木沟组和江里沟组，其中江里沟组又进一步划分为下部的浊积岩段和上部的风暴岩段，初步确定了二叠—三叠纪的界线。沉积序列、沉积相和沉积物表明上二叠统石关组和下三叠统果木沟组为一套陆源碎屑浊积岩，下三叠统江里沟组下部为一套不纯的内碎屑浊积岩，而下三叠统江里沟组上部为风暴岩沉积。根据沉积相和火山岩夹层的地球化学特征认为该地区上二叠统石关组和下三叠统果木沟组处于半深海的活动大陆边缘，下三叠统江里沟组早期的浊积岩段处于较稳定的半深海大陆边缘。根据沉积相和遗迹化石，恢复了晚二叠世—早三叠世的海平面变化特征。     

北部湾盆地不同凹陷原油生物标志物分布与组成特征

通过对取自北部湾盆地不同凹陷典型原油样品中各类生物标志物的分布与组成特征的系统分析，发现盆地北部的涠西南凹陷和乌石凹陷所产原油具有姥植比低和奥利烷与各类重排构型生物标志物含量低，而C26+长链三环萜烷系列和C304 甲基甾烷含量高的特点，且其三环萜烷系列呈现以C23为主峰的正态分布，指示了该类原油的烃源岩沉积时水体较深，还原性相对较强，且原始生烃母质以藻类为主；而南部福山凹陷和迈陈凹陷所产的原油则具有姥植比高和奥利烷与各类重排构型生物标志物含量高的特征，而C26+长链三环萜烷系列和C304 甲基甾烷含量低，且其三环萜烷系列呈现C19—C26阶梯状依次降低，表明这类原油的烃源岩沉积时水体较浅，还原性相对较弱，且原始生烃母质中被子植物来源的陆源有机质贡献较大。由此表明北部湾盆地南北不同凹陷第三纪的沉积特征和有机质生源构成存在显著差异。     

三维可视化技术在锡铁山矿区信息化建设中的应用研究

运用Vulcan三维可视化软件,对锡铁山铅-锌矿区3062m中段以下05-75线之间的主要矿体进行三维可视化研究,全方位、真实地表达近年来的地质勘探成果,并通过储量计算与找矿预测,为下一步地质勘探工作提供科学依据,为矿区信息化建设提供基础资料。     

厚松散层钻探工艺技术

在厚松散层中进行钻孔施工较常规钻孔存在一些技术难题,按照常规方法达不到钻孔目的或者花费较大的人力和物力。本文通过分析松散层钻孔正常钻进的影响因素,采用正循环钻孔施工技术进行施工,提出钻孔防偏和纠偏措施,最后给出了厚松散层钻孔施工技术措施,对厚松散层钻探技术具有一定的指导意义。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜精矿中银含量的测量不确定度评定

采用《测量不确定度评定与表示指南》，以火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜精矿中的银含量为例，对测量结果进行不确定度评定。分析了不确定度的重要来源，包括称样质量、标准工作溶液、工作曲线拟合、试液定容体积及测量重复性等引入的不确定度分量组成。对各不确定度分量进行分析计算，求得标准不确定度为1．56，扩展不确定度为3．12。     

A Parametric Approach for Dealing with Compositional Rounded Zeros

In this work, a parametric approach for replacing data below the detection limit, also known as rounded zeros, in compositional data sets is proposed. Compositional rounded zeros correspond to small proportions of some whole that cannot be reliably detected by the analytical instruments under given operating conditions. This kind of zeros appear frequently in the data collection process in geosciences. They must be treated in an adequate way before some multivariate analysis can be applied. Our procedure results from a modification of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm and is based on the additive log-ratio transformation. Its coherence with the nature of compositional data and with basic operations in the simplex sample space is checked. Using real data sets, we find that this approach improves other parametric and non-parametric techniques for compositional rounded zeros.     

Factors affecting arsenic concentration in groundwaters from Northwestern Chaco-Pampean Plain,Argentina

The concentration of arsenic measured in groundwater from three aquifers in the study area located in the Eastern Tucuman province, Argentina, mostly depends on the lithology, but the spatial and temporal variations of concentrations seem to be also controlled by pH changes, climatic factors, and human perturbations. The highest concentrations of As (more than 1,000 μg L⁻¹) were found in the shallow aquifer, made of As-rich loess, while the lowest concentrations were measured in the deep confined aquifer, consisting of alternating layers of alluvial sands/gravels and clays. Intermediate values were measured in the semiconfined aquifer made of the fluvial sediments deposited in the Salí River valley, that alternate in the upper part of the sedimentary sequence with layers of loess. Because most of As in the loess is considered to be adsorbed onto Fe-oxyhydroxide coatings, the increase of pH in the flow direction (west-east) leads to increasing arsenic concentrations towards the eastern border of the study area. The decomposition of organic wastes poured into the Salí River or associated with local and diffuse sources of contamination in the eastern part of the study area depletes dissolved oxygen, which leads to the reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides, and to the subsequent release of the adsorbed and co-precipitated As. This process mainly affects shallow groundwater and the upper part of the semiconfined aquifer. Geochemical and hydrological data also suggest that rising water table levels at the end of the wet season may also lead to reductive dissolution of As-rich Fe oxyhydroxides in the shallow aquifer.     

不同量剂凹凸棒石粘土对镉污染菜地的修复实验

凹凸棒石具有较大的比表面积和超强的吸附性能,向土壤中施加一定量的凹凸棒石粘土,会使土壤中有毒重金属元素失去活性,并能有效地阻止其向农作物转移,确保农产品安全。本次试验,利用凹凸棒石粘土特有的物化性能,对八卦洲Cd含量超标的土壤进行了修复试验研究。结果表明,在Cd超标的土壤中施加适量的凹凸棒石粘土矿物,能使芦蒿中的Cd含量降低46%,并且土质及农产品的产量均没有受到不良影响。     

安徽省旅游星级饭店地域差异研究

根据2000～2005年安徽省星级饭店统计资料,利用变异系数这一度量标准分析了安徽省饭店在时间序列上和星级结构上的地域差异,结果表明:随着时间的变化饭店总数在各市间的差异在渐渐缩小.星级结构上五星级饭店地域分异程度最大,其次依次为一星级、四星级、三星级和二星级,通过安徽省各市国内旅游收入区位商和餐饮住宿业就业人员区位商与各市星级饭店数量相对水平的比较,找出不符合一般趋势的城市加以讨论.最后,运用SPSS分析软件对安徽省17个地市的星级饭店发展水平进行聚类分析,并讨论了运行结果所分出的4类城市,提出了饭店业发展的若干建议.