Multispectral remote sensing of biomass burning in West Africa

Remote sensing measurements provide a vauable means of determining the extent of burning areas and of estimating the overall distribution of pollutant sources (identified from experimental studies) in time and space. This distribution has to be taken into account in the boundary conditions of chemistry atmospheric models.Recent methods developed for the remote sensing of active fires in tropical or temperated forest zones, have been found to be completely inadequate for fire detection on West African savannas. In order to accurately estimate the active fire distribution in the function of different sorts of West African savannas (Sahelian, Sudanian and Guinean) and forests, a multispectral methodology has been developed based on NOAA/11-AVHRR satellite data, with the purpose of eliminating as much as possible the problems related to large surface heterogeneity, confusion and bias, produced by clouds, smoke, haze, background emissivities, etc.Unlike other methods, the results show that the multispectral method, in spite of its selectivity, provides realistic results, and does not under- or over-estimate the number of fires that can be sensed by the satellite. Consequently, this methodology is more appropriate than the simplest ones for a systematic sensing of this phenomenon.     

Roche equipotentials of the pluto-charon system

Summary The positions of the Lagrangian points of the Pluto-Charon system have been determined using the orthogonal system of cofocal ellipses-hyperbolas, the foci being situated at the centre of mass of the bodies. The tidal distortions of Pluto amount to 30 m, those of charon to 122 m. The tidal forces are believed to influence the figures of the bodies significantly.     

Secular variations in the curvature of equipotential surfaces and directions of verticals due to geodynamic phenomena

Summary Formulae and numerical estimates are given for the non-periodical variations in the curvature of equipotential surfaces, horizontal forces and directions of the vertical, caused by the decrease in the second zonal geopotential harmonic, by the decrease in the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation and by secular polar motion.

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痕量硼的精确测定和分光光度法中过量显色剂隐色机理讨论

本文就测定痕量硼的新方法做了讨论,提出过量显色剂隐色新体系并探讨了反应机理。方法以铍试剂Ⅲ为硼的显色剂、氯化亚锡为隐色剂、TEA-EDTA为稳定剂。显色后隐色测定灵敏度为S=2.9×10-4μgcm-2,ε_B=3.8×104。隐色-导数光谱法测量,校准曲线最低点由隐色后测定的4ppb降至0.8ppb,计算表观摩尔吸收系数ε_B=1.9×105。本文所述方法为迄今水相测定硼的方法中显色速度最快,对比度最大、灵敏度最高的方法。应用于岩矿分析取得满意结果。     

一次梅雨锋低空急流形成的分析

对1979年6月24—25日的一次梅雨锋低空急流的形成进行了分析,它的形成是由于在300mb高空急流中心附近产生的地转不平衡,使急流入口区的右侧造成高空辐散的作用。当高空急流中心东移,急流入口区右侧的高空辐散区移到江淮流域上空,由此高空辐散引起对流层下部的质量调整,致使低空造成降压区与辐合。这降压区造成的变压风迭加到低空的西南气流上,沿通过该负变压区(或负变高区)中心的西南气流作为一条轴线,轴线的右侧变压风使西南风偏向低压一侧,从而使西南风的动能增加;轴线的左侧变压风使西南风偏向高压一侧,从而使西南风的动     

西南地区新生代地壳水平形变的初步测定

为了估计中国西南地区新生代地壳水平形变量的大小,本文以1/20万区域地质测量资料为基础,结合其它有关资料,测定了区内142个小区域的水平应变。结果表明,西南地区大致以云南小江断裂一线（东经103°）为界分为东西两部分,东部地区以北西-南东向压应变为主;西部地区,其北段主压应变为北东向,往南转为近东西向,更往南应变方向多变,但与那里的山系转折相协调。察隅-松潘一线的线应变达-0.5。察隅相对于松潘,往北东移动了360余公里。 作者还指出,印度洋、欧亚、太平洋三大板块的聚合和碰撞,是西南地区新生代地壳水平形变的主要原因。     

中国晚前寒武纪 Pseudogymnosolenidae

<正> 1974年在我国上前寒武系蓟县层型剖面蓟县系雾迷山组下部首次报道了一个新的叠层石群Pseudogymnosolen Liang et Tsao,近数年来在我国许多地区陆续发现该群分子。与此同时,又发现大量的形态上与Pseudogymnosolen具有一定相似性但又有明显区别的新的叠层石群。作者认为原假裸枝叠层石群(相当属)资料十分丰富,已有足够条件提升为超群Pseudogymnosolenidae(相当科)。此超群的叠层石具有固定的柱体形态(表1图2),局部柱体本身是由一系列紧密相连的假柱组成,故它们的分类位置应归于柱-层叠层石大类。但因叠层体微小(柱体直径一般小于1厘米),具较频繁的平行和微散开分叉,它们可以与柱-层叠层石大类的其他叠层石明显区分。     

遗传算法及其在GOMS模型反演中的应用效果分析

几何光学交互遮蔽模型（GOMS）是一种重要的遥感前向模型,它较好解释了“热点”现象,具有较强的前向模拟能力。但由于其固有的非线性性,给反演带来困难。本文尝试采用近年来兴起的并行随机全局寻优算法－遗传算法对GOMS进行反演,并针对传统遗传算法的不足进行了改进。在使用相同先验知识的条件下,将该算法与目前最有效的约束非线性最优化确定性搜索算法－逐步二次规划法对GOMS模型的反演效果进行了比较,结果表明,逐步二次规划法搜索效率较高,但结果受初值的影响很大,初值选择不当,易收敛于局部最优解,而遗传算法具有全局最优的收敛效果,但局部搜索效率较差。在某些对精度要求不高,而对搜索效率要求较高的场合,可以采用遗传算法与确定性搜索算法相结合的混合遗传算法,以提高算法的搜索效率,获得较为满意的效果。     

Meridional Motions of Stable Recurrent Sunspot Groups

Stable recurrent sunspot groups from the Greenwich data set which were identified in at least two subsequent solar rotations were traced and meridional motions were determined from the two central meridian passages. In total, 327 meridional velocities were calculated and the results for the northern and the southern solar hemisphere were compared. A dependence of the solar meridional velocity vectors on the development status, latitude and position respectively to the activity belt of sunspots is investigated. The results indicate that sunspot groups are moving on the average away from the center of activity. This was found for sunspot groups growing and decreasing in area.