自组织竞争神经网络在江苏油田有杆抽油系统故障诊断中的应用

有杆抽油系统的故障诊断技术是国内外采油工程技术中的一个重要研究课题。通过示功图的不同形状特征可以反映抽油机的不同工作状态。将自组织竞争神经网络应用于示功图的识别与分类,建立了一个自组织竞争神经网络模型对示功图进行自动聚类,从而实现故障诊断的自动化。应用江苏油田的实测示功图数据进行实验,可以看出自组织竞争神经网络具有良好的分类能力和泛化性能,是实现油田抽油系统故障诊断的有效技术,具有很强的实用价值和广泛的应用前景。     

Impacts of native vegetation on the hydraulic properties of the concentrated flows in bank gullies

To quantify the impacts of native vegetation on the spatial and temporal variations in hydraulic properties of bank gully concentrated flows, a series of in situ flume experiments in the bank gully were performed at the Yuanmou Gully Erosion and Collapse Experimental Station in the dry-hot valley region of the Jinsha River, Southwest China. This experiment involved upstream catchment areas withone-and two-year native grass(Heteropogon contortus) and bare land drained to bare gully headcuts, i.e., Gullies 1, 2 and 3. In Gully 4, Heteropogon contortus and Agave sisalana were planted in the upstream catchment area and gully bed, respectively. Among these experiments, the sediment concentration in runoff in Gully 3 was the highest and that in Gully 2 was the lowest, clearly indicating that the sediment concentration in runoff obviously decreased and the deposition of sediment obviously increased as the vegetation cover increased. The concentrated flows were turbulent in response to the flow discharge. The concentrated flows in the gully zones with native grass and bare land were sub-and supercritical, respectively. The flow rate and shear stress in Gully 3 upstream catchment area were highest among the four upstream catchment areas, while the flow rate and shear stress in the gully bed of Gully 4 were lowest among the four gully beds, indicating that native grass notably decreased the bank gully flow rate and shear stress. The Darcy–Weisbach friction factor(resistance f) and flow energy consumption in the gully bed of Gully 4 were notably higher than those in the other three gully beds, clearly indicating that native grass increased the bank gully surface resistance and flow energy consumption. The Reynolds number(Re), flow rate, shear stress, resistance f, and flow energy consumption in the gully beds and upstream areas increased over time, while the sediment concentration in runoff and Froude number(Fr) decreased. Overall, increasing vegetation cover in upstream catchment areas and downstream gully beds of the bank gully is essential for gully erosion mitigation.     

1978年以来广州市居民职住地选择行为时空特征与影响因素的代际差异

1978年以来,中国体制改革重塑了个体日常时空行为及其在生命过程中的活动轨迹,但鲜有文献解析长时间序列下不同代际群体对职住政策调整做出的响应及其代际差异。基于时间地理学视角与代际差异理论,将广州市微观个体职住地变动历程与代际问题相结合,利用问卷调查分析1988年和1998年居民职住制度改革前后,不同代际居民职住地变迁行为时空特征及其影响因素的结构性差异。结果发现：① 在居住地和就业地变迁方向方面,各代际居民住房迁出地主要集中于老城区,就业地变迁围绕两个城市中心,形成由老城核心地域向内城、近郊扩散的变迁过程。② 职住地距离变化方面,居民平均职住距离由1988年之前的4.91 km增至1998年之后的6.46 km,20世纪90年代出生居民（简称90后,下同）的职住分离度大于其他群体。③ 在职住地变迁率方面,住房商品化和就业社会化极大地增加了居民职住地选择自由度,60后和70后在1998年之后的迁居率分别为113.16%与112.33%,就业地变迁率分别为148.68%与197.26%,二者都远高于住房改革前的比例。④ 驻留时长方面,职住自由化使得驻留时长明显缩短。60后变化最为明显,该群体在一个居住地的居住时长由1988年以前的14.43年缩至1998年以后的5.43年,就业地驻留时长由12.43年降至3.95年;80后与90后在1998年以后的职住地驻留时长明显较短,70后相对较长。⑤ 能力、组合及权威制约中的房价、婚姻状况、学历、福利分房及下岗等因素对职住地变迁表现出明显代际差异,因子女上学及同事关系等组合制约对就业地变迁无显著群体差别。     

Reverse-Time Migration of Converted S-Waves of Varying Densities

Ocean-Bottom Node(OBN) acquisitions provide both non-converted and converted reflection energy. There is a clear advantage to independently imaging both P-and S-waves, as they provide more information collectively than either does alone. In many conventional converted-wave pre-stack migration algorithms, density is treated as a constant, which is not the real-life case on earth. S-wave velocity and density information is crucial for hydrocarbon detection because it helps in the identification of porefilling fluids. In this paper, we focused on the effect of density on imaging, and developed a method of reverse-time migration(RTM) on converted s-waves of varying densities(VD-RTMCS). Phase correction was required prior to pre-stack migration to avoid constructive interference between data from adjacent sources. Synthetic data examples showed that when density variations were included, image profiles showed advantages in signal-to-noise ratio, vertical resolution and imaging of complex structures.     

Comparisons of Salinity Adaptation in Terms of Growth,Body Composition,and Energy Budget in Juveniles of Rainbow and Steelhead Trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

This study examined the effect of different salinities(0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30) on the growth performance and energy budget of juveniles of two different ecotypes of Oncorhynchus mykiss, landlocked rainbow trout and anadromous steelhead trout. In the 42 d experiment, fish were cultured in three replicate tanks per salinity treatment(eight fish per tank). At the end of the experiment, the growth of rainbow and steelhead trouts was significantly higher at salinities of 5 and 10, respectively, than at all other salinities. The protein, lipid and energy content of both ecotypes declined with the increase of salinity. Based on their energy budgets, the percentage of energy consumed for growth by rainbow and steelhead trouts were significantly higher at salinities of 5(34.00% ±1.69%) and 10(43.76% ± 1.29%), respectively, than at all other salinities. The percentage of energy consumed for respiration by rainbow and steelhead trouts was lower at salinities of 5(54.90% ± 1.77%) and 10(46.73% ± 0.62%), respectively, than at all other salinities. Our results indicated that the salinity adaptation ability of juvenile steelhead trout was slightly better than that of juvenile rainbow trout, and salinities of 10 and 5, respectively, were most suitable for growth of these two fishes.     

Contribution of trimethylamine N-oxide on the growth and pressure tolerance of deep-sea bacteria

Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO) is widely dispersed in marine environments and plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen. Diverse marine bacteria utilize TMAO as carbon and nitrogen sources or as electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration. Alteration of respiratory component according to the pressure is a common trait of deep-sea bacteria. Deep-sea bacteria from dif ferent genera harbor high hydrostatic pressure(HHP) inducible TMAO reductases that are assumed to be constitutively expressed in the deep-sea piezosphere and facilitating quick reaction to TMAO released from ?sh which is a potential nutrient for bacterial growth. However, whether deep-sea bacteria universally employ this strategy remains unknown. In this study, 237 bacterial strains affliated to 23 genera of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were isolated from seawater, sediment or amphipods collected at dif ferent depths. The pressure tolerance and the utilization of TMAO were examined in 74 strains. The results demonstrated no apparent correlation between the depth where the bacteria inhabit and their pressure tolerance, regarding to our samples. Several deep-sea strains from the genera of Alteromonas, Halomonas,Marinobacter, Photobacterium, and Vibrio showed capacity of TMAO utilization, but none of the isolated Acinebacter, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Muricauda, Novosphingobium, Rheinheimera, Sphingobium and Stenotrophomonas did, indicating the utilization of TMAO is a species-speci?c feature. Furthermore, we noticed that the ability of TMAO utilization varied among strains of the same species. TMAO has greater impact on the growth of deep-sea isolates of Vibrio neocaledonicus than shallow-water isolates. Taken together, the results describe for the ?rst time the TMAO utilization in deep-sea bacterial strains, and expand our understanding of the physiological characteristic of marine bacteria.     

"资源一号"02C卫星影像土地利用变化检测能力分析

“资源一号”02C卫星自成功发射以来,被广泛应用于土地资源、矿产资源、地质环境调查,以及国土资源、地质灾害应急监测等应用领域。“资源一号”02C卫星是一颗填补我国高分辨率遥感数据空白的卫星,是根据国土资源主体业务需求定制的第一颗国产高分辨率业务卫星。本文以吉林省和浙江省某试验区“资源一号”02C卫星数据为例,对“资源一号”02C卫星数据融合影像进行了土地利用遥感监测变化信息检测能力的方法试验。根据试验区数据变化信息提取试验结果,对“资源一号”02C卫星影像在土地利用动态遥感监测中的变化检测能力和适用性开展了试验、分析和评价工作。     

无人海洋测绘技术体系构建

随着无人技术的快速发展,无人测绘的时代即将到来。本文分析了无人时代技术特征与海洋测绘发展机遇;讨论了无人海洋测绘新理念,构建了无人海洋测绘技术体系,论述了无人海洋测绘技术关键技术;展望了无人海洋测绘技术发展趋势,及其在海洋经济、海洋可持续发展中的应用前景。     

Tracing the settlement region of massive floating green algae in the Yellow Sea

Outbreaks of large-scale green tides formed by Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea(YS)cause heavy ecological damages and huge economic losses.However,the ecological consequences of green tides remain poorly understood due to the lack of knowledge on the settlement region of massive green algae floating in the YS.In this study,we established a method to trace the settlement region of floating green algae,using 28-isofucosterol preserved in sediment as the specific biomarker for green algae.Sterols including 28-isofucosterol in surface sediment samples collected during an investigation in the YS and the Bohai Sea(BS)in August 2015 were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer(GC-MS).Based on the content of 28-isofucosterol in sediment samples,the potential settlement region of loating green algae was identified in the sea area southeast to the Shandong Peninsula around the sampling site H06(122.66°E,36.00°N).This paper presents a first result on the settlement region of floating green algae in the YS for providing a solid basis to elucidate the ecological consequences of green tides in the area.     

检索词优化与空间自适应的深网POI获取方法研究

针对检索词库构建困难、数据请求量受限制等相关问题,该文提出一种基于独立覆盖率排序和空间自适应剖分的深网POI信息搜索方法,通过候选检索词初步构建、贪婪式探测搜索、检索词优化降维、空间自适应剖分爬行等主要流程,利用逐步逼近POI搜索的最大覆盖最优解,实现对深网POI信息的全量获取,大幅度提高深网POI数据的召回率与采集效率,该方法对于丰富地理信息资源、提升空间信息服务与内容管理能力具有重要意义。