平端深海偏顶蛤(Gigantidas platifrons)实验室蓄养过程鳃部含菌上皮细胞超微结构动态变化研究

平端深海偏顶蛤(Gigantidasplatifrons)是南海台西南冷泉区的典型优势物种,鳃丝上皮细胞内共生大量甲烷氧化菌,通过甲烷有氧氧化合成有机物为共生体系提供物质能量,是平端深海偏顶蛤赖以生存的重要能量来源器官,溶酶体在共生体系的营养互作和稳态维持中可能发挥重要作用,本研究使用电镜技术观测了常压培养过程中(0d,30d,90d)平端深海偏顶蛤共生体系中共生菌和溶酶体的动态变化,通过鳃上皮含菌细胞超显微结构的变化研究常压培养对深海共生体系的影响,并探讨溶酶体在宿主—共生菌营养传递和共生菌群稳态维持中的关键作用。研究发现,在原位状态样品中(0d)共生菌和溶酶体呈极化分布,细胞结构完整清晰;蓄养30d后,含菌细胞出现明显破碎,共生菌数量大幅降低,溶酶体数量、范围和消化程度大幅增加,对细胞顶端的甲烷氧化菌进行分解;而90d后,共生菌在溶酶体的作用下消失殆尽,鳃部有明显细胞脱落后留下的坑洞,细胞呈现空泡状,无法明确区分各种细胞组分。上述结果展示了长期常压蓄养过程中鳃上皮含菌细胞中溶酶体与甲烷氧化菌的动态变化,推测当共生菌丢失后溶酶体也同步降低活跃度,平端深海偏顶蛤在共生互作中通过溶酶体主导消化和调控共生菌。     

安徽巢湖凤凰山晚古生代大冰期沉积特征与碳同位素变化

地史中海相碳酸盐岩记录的无机碳同位素的波动经常与全球气候事件相互关联,但碳酸盐岩的碳同位素不仅与全球碳循环相关,也受控于区域水循环和成岩作用.晚古生代大冰期在石炭纪末—早二叠世达到最高峰,南方冈瓦纳大陆高纬度地区冰川的进退引起低纬度地区旋回性的海平面变化,并发育显著的沉积间断,在华南表现为喀斯特岩溶角砾岩等.本文选取安...     

区域可持续发展能力的能值与(火用)耦合分析模型构建

可持续发展能力评价方法是识别人地协同规律、支撑科学决策的重要工具和热点需求。通过文献回顾与理论分析框架构建,耦合能值及?方法,提出自组织能力指数（SO）、生态压力指数（EP）、可持续发展能力指数（SC）构成的,基于热力学理论的可持续发展能力分析模型,利用文献荟萃法筛选17个典型发达国家1985年状态值计算SO与EP阈值,划分了4个阶段。利用中美两国1985-2015年特征对比验证,结果显示：① 2005年以前中国属“低自组织能力、低生态压力”阶段,之后进入“低自组织能力、高生态压力”阶段,存在低生态效率、规模扩张驱动特征;美国一直属“高自组织能力、高生态压力”阶段,存在高生态效率驱动、经济与生态脱钩特征,与全球生态足迹网络和世界自然基金会等的研究结果一致,模型具有较好适应性和可靠性。② 模型利用“获得?量/输入能值量”表达经济社会生态效率、“经济社会?损耗量/生态系统年产?量”表达生态压力,连接了经济社会对生态基底的熵化路径,可识别区域所处可持续发展阶段、分析水平变化和驱动因素。③ 模型以人类与生态并重的视角,从深度上反映经济社会的生态效率、从广度上评价生态空间被占用比例,具有宏观规模与微观效率分析相结合的优势,是对经典方法的补充。     

Response of Microbial Communities in Soil to Multi-level Warming in a Highland Barley System of the Lhasa River

No studies have examined the effect of experimental warming on the microbial biomass and community composition of soil in agricultural ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Thus it is unclear whether the influences of experimental warming on microbial communities in soil are related to warming magnitude in croplands on this Plateau. This study performed warming experiment (control, low- and high-level) in a highland barley system of the Lhasa River in May 2014 to examine the correlation between the response of microbial communities in soil to warming and warming magnitude. Topsoil samples (0-10 and 10-20 cm) were collected on September 14, 2014. Experimental warming at both low and high levels significantly increased soil temperature by 1.02 ℃ and 1.59 ℃, respectively at the depth of 15 cm. Phospho lipid fatty acid (PLFA) method was used to determine the microbial community in soil. The low-level experimental warming did not significantly affect the soil’s total PLFA, fungi, bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), actinomycetes, gram-positive bacteria (G⁺), gram-negative bacteria (G^-), protozoa, the ratio of fungi to bacteria (F/B ratio), and ratio of G⁺ to G^- (G⁺/G^- ratio) at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth. The low-level experimental warming also did not significantly alter the composition of microbial community in soil at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth. The high-level experimental warming significantly increased total PLFA by 74.4%, fungi by 78.0%, bacteria by 74.0%, AMF by 66.9%, actinomycetes by 81.4%, G⁺ by 67.0% and G^- by 74.4% at the 0-10 cm depth rather than at 10-20 cm depth. The high-level experimental warming significantly altered microbial community composition in soil at the 0-10 cm depth rather than at 10-20 cm depth. Our findings suggest that the response of microbial communities in soil to warming varied with warming magnitudes in the highland barley system of the Lhasa River.     

Farmer-based Rice Cropping Systems in the Poyang Lake Region,China: Analysis of Characteristics and Policy Implications

This paper examines the spatial characteristics of farmer/household behaviors in regional rice cropping systems (RCS), and the results provide necessary information for developing strategies that will maintain regional food security. Through field study and statistical analysis based on 402 households questionnaires finished in 2014-2015 in the Poyang Lake Region (PLR) of China, we arrived at two main conclusions. First, single- and double cropping rice were found across the study area, but showed a general distribution trend, with double cropping rice in the southeast part (especially in Jinxian county) and single cropping rice in the northwest (particularly in De’an county). Second, the household decisions concerning RCS varied in different parts of the PLR, but double cropping was the dominant type, with about 63.57% of the respondent households in the PLR cultivating double cropping rice. However, the multiple-cropping index of paddy rice was only 1.55. About 3% of interviewed households had altered their RCS during this period. Based on these findings, the local governments should guide farmers’ paddy field cultivation behaviors by increasing the comparative efficiency of rice production, promoting appropriate scale operations and land conversion, as well as optimizing rice growing conditions to improve the multiple cropping index and enhance food provision. Finally, land-use efficiency and more sustainable use of land resources should be improved.     

动态水平-海面辐照度测量的新理念

目前海面辐照度的测量,在消除天空光影响的同时,却引入了仪器接收面倾斜的误差。作者经过多年的实践,提出动态水平的理念和一整套技术方法,解决了这一问题。动态水平技术的应用,需应用最新技术的发展,而且必然引起海洋光学测量仪器、特别是海洋光学浮标的一系列变革,对海洋水色遥感具有重要的意义和影响。     

面向CGCS2000的格网坐标转换文件格式设计

基于格网的坐标转换,其过程可分为建立格网和格网内插两部分。建立格网过程中生成的格网文件是格网内插的前提,为了使格网文件便于解释和应用,需要制订合理的格网文件格式。目前,有NADCON和NTv2两种格式可供参考。通过这两种格式的比较分析,认为NTv2格式更优,并将其作为参考,研究了面向CGCS2000的格网坐标转换中所使用的格网文件的具体格式,并以1954北京坐标系（BJS54）到2000国家大地坐标系（CGCS2000）的转换为例,提供了设计样本。     

Comparison Study on Wind Input and Whitecapping Dissipation Expressions in Numerical Simulation of Typhoon Generated Waves

In order to investigate the effect of wind input and whitecapping dissipation on the simulation of typhoon-waves, three experiments are conducted with the latest version of SWAN （Simulating WAves Nearshore） model. The three experiments adopt the Komen, Janssens, and Westhuysen expressions for wind input and whitecapping dissipation, respectively. Besides the above-mentioned source tems, other parameterization schemes in these experiments are the same. It shows that the experiment with the Westhuysen expression result in the least simulation errors while that with the Janssens expression has the most. The results from the experiments with Komen and Westhuysen expressions show that the differenees in significant wave height （SWH） have a good correlation with the differences in dissipation energy caused by whiteeapping. This indicates that the whitecapping dissipation source term plays an important role in the resultant differences of the simulated SWH between the two experiments.     

数字高程模型DEM的更新在土地利用动态监测的应用

土地利用信息动态监测是我国国土资源信息化建设的一个重要组成部分,也是广东省国土资源管理工作中一项基础性工作.广东省的土地利用动态遥感监测从2004年开始,每年开展一次,至2008年全面建立土地利用动态遥感监测体系.而每一年的土地利用动态监测工作的完成都有严格的时效性,使得生产单位对数据生产的效率、效益和质量必须作为一个重要的因素来进行考虑.数字高程模型DEM的更新应用在土地利用动态监测上,是各工序进行有效衔接和保证产品最终质量的必要前提.结合工作实践,以数字高程模型DEM如何利用其他3D数据(数字线划图DLG、数字正射影像图DOM、数字栅格地图DRG)或旧DEM数据的更新,为土地利用动态监测的工作提供重要的基础资料,从而保证产品的时效性和质量.     

2004 年夏初、秋末长江口外海区冲淡水及羽状锋的盐度特征

用国家海洋局东海环境监测中心2004年夏初（6月）和秋末（11月）对长江口外海区现场观测资料,用Matlab计算机编程语言对观测资料进行质量控制、插值网格化,绘制研究海区盐度立体分布图,显示夏初、秋末两季的盐度分布特征。将2004年夏、秋两季长江口外海区冲淡水和羽状锋的分布与以往观测研究结果对比,可得：（1）长江口外海区冲淡水的盐度值主要在5—31之间,冲淡水前缘盐度锋面的盐度值为18—28;盐度值20—28的盐度锋面基本体现该海区羽状锋的特征及变化。（2）夏初长江口外海区冲淡水范围明显大于秋末,夏初该海区以冲淡水为主,秋末冲淡水的范围收缩,紧贴沿岸一带。相应地,夏初该海区羽状锋呈倾斜锋面,占据较大的海区;秋末则为垂直锋面,介于122．50°E-122．70°E海区。