A new method to determine the tropopause

The tropopause has a complex structure and some interference information may exist in high-resolution global positioning system （GPS）/low earth-orbiting （LEO） radio occultation （RO） data. The position of the tropopause cannot be accurately determined using traditional cold point tropopause （CPT） and lapse rate tropopause （LRT） algorithms. In this paper, an integrative algorithm is developed to determinate tropopause parameters. The algorithm is applied to GPS/COSMIC RO data to obtain a global distribution of the height and temperature of the tropopause. This algorithm improves the utilization rate of GPS/LEO RO data by 30% compared with that from the traditional CPT method. The rationality and reliability of GPS/LEO RO data in probing the Earth＇s atmosphere are verified by our study of the tropopause using COSMIC data.     

饲料中豆粕含量对军曹鱼幼鱼碳、氮稳定同位素分馏的影响

配制全鱼粉饲料（以鱼粉为蛋白源）、10%豆柏饲料（用豆柏蛋白10%鱼粉）、20%豆柏饲料（用豆柏蛋白20%鱼粉）等3种等氮等能饲料,分别投喂体质量21.34± 1.54g的幼鱼24 d,研究饲料中豆柏蛋白含量对 军曹鱼幼鱼碳、氮稳定同位素分馈的影响。结果表明,随着养殖时间的延长,各饲料组军曹鱼δ13C逐渐上升,δ15N逐渐下降,虽然δ13C和δ15N变化速度上有差异,但除20%豆柏饲料组肌肉的δ15N外,其他各饲料组肌肉和 全鱼在实验结束时均已与饲料达到同位素平衡;军曹鱼肌肉和全鱼的△13^C和△15^N值均随饲料中豆柏蛋白含量 的增加而加大,△13C从4.19‰增加到5.04‰, △15N从0.18‰。增加到 2.20‰,军警鱼金鱼和肌肉的△13C和△15N 相似,但在同位素值变化速度上有差异,因此,在进行生态学营养级研究（长时间尺度）时,肌肉可以代表军警鱼的同位素特征,而在进行生理学研究（短时间尺度）时,肌肉的同位素变化则不能代表军警鱼的同位素变化。     

Instructions for Authors

Instructions for Authors

Instructions for Authors     

Late Paleozoic Fluid Systems and Their Ore-forming Effects in the Yuebei Basin, Northern Guangdong, China

Based on detailed and systematic researches of the geology of ore deposits, fluid inclusions and isotope geochemistry etc., and regarding the Late Paleozoic fluid system of the Yuebei Basin as an integrated object in this paper, we have revealed the temporo-spatial evolution law of the basin＇s fluid system and discussed its ore-forming effects by simulating and analyzing the distribution of ore-forming elements, the fluid thermodynamics and dynamics of evolution processes of this basin. The results show that Late Paleozoic ore-forming fluid systems of the Yuebei Basin include four basic types as follows. （1） The sea floor volcanic-exhalation system developed during the rapid basin slip-extension stage in the Mid-Late Devonian, which affected the Dabaoshan region. It thus formed the Dabaoshan-type Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe sea floor volcanic-exhalation sedimentary deposits. （2） The compaction fluid system developed during the stable spreading and thermal subsidence-compression stage of the basin in the Mid-Late Devonian. The range of its effects extended all over the whole basin. It resulted in filling-metasomatic deposits, such as the Hongyan-type pyrite deposits and pyrite sheet within the Fankou-type Cu-Pb-Zn-S deposits. （3） The hot water circulation system of sea floor developed during the stage of basin uplifting and micro-aulacogen from the late Late Carboniferous to Middle Carboniferous. The range of its effects covered the Fankou region. It thus formed MVT deposits, such as the main orebody of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn-S deposits. （4） The gravity fluid system developed during the stage of fold uplifting and the basin closed from Middle Triassic to Jurassic, forming groundwater hydrothermal deposits, e.g. the veinlet Pb-Zn-calcite orebodies of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn- S deposits. Migration and concentration of the ore-forming fluids were constrained by the state of temporo-spatial distribution of its fluid potential. Growth faults not only converged the fluids and drove them to move upwards, but also the fluids often crossed the faults to the edges of the basin at the bottom of these faults and the lithologic interfaces, and even migrated to the basin＇s edges from top to bottom along the faults, which may be one of the basic reasons for the stratabound deposits to cluster mainly along the contemporaneous faults on the inner border of the basin. The superposed mineralization resulting from the multi-stage activity of contemporaneous faults and ore-forming fluid systems in the basin may be one of the key factors for forming superlarge ore deposits.     

容量法测定水样中硫酸根

本文对EDTA滴定过量Pb间接测定SO_4~(2-)的方法作了改进。加入乙醇抑制PbSO_4沉淀的溶解,使滴定不需分离沉淀而直接进行。用六次甲基四胺调节控制pH为5.2—5.4,可避免大量共存Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)的干扰。改进后的方法简单、快速,准确度和精密度均好,可适用SO_4~(2-)含量高于1mg/L的天然水分析。     

唐朝末年以来广西柳州干湿变化及人类活动演变

中世纪暖期和小冰期是近2 000年气候变化中重要的气候事件,厘清其在低纬度地区干湿变化特征及其对古代农业发展及人口增长的影响,具有重要的意义。通过对广西柳州岩溶洞穴中一60 cm岩芯进行孢粉、炭屑分析发现,研究区的气候、稻作农业从唐末以来先后经历了6个阶段演化：1）875―940 a A.D.,C/P值及花粉记录指示：研究区气候整体偏干,水稻种植减少;2）940―1 050 a A.D.,C/P值及花粉记录指示：夏季风增强,水稻种植稍增长,人口增加;3）1 050―1 140 a A.D.,C/P值及花粉记录指示：夏季风减弱,稻作农业及人口较前期有所增长;4）1 140―1370 a A.D.,C/P值及莎草科花粉含量指示：研究区当时气候处于“中世纪暖期”温暖湿润期,稻作农业面积扩大,人口增加;5）1 370―1 900 a A.D.,C/P值及莎草科花粉含量指示：“小冰期”气候变干,水稻种植及人口逐渐减少;6）1 900―2 009 a A.D.气候变暖湿,水稻种植扩大,人口迅速增长。进一步对研究区气候事件与稻作农业及人口关系研究发现：历史时期气候事件与水稻种植、人口具有耦合关系,即中世纪暖期,气候暖湿,水稻种植扩大,人口增殖;小冰期,气候冷干,水稻种植萎缩,人口锐减。在非原地沉积时,莎草科和C/P 对水分反映敏感,可以用来指示气候干湿变化。