Impacts of primary deforestation upon limestone slopes in northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Effects of deforestation upon slopes in limestones and in volcanic rocks in the Benson River valley, northern Vancouver Island, have been investigated quantitatively. Postlogging soil erosion and vegetal regeneration success were assessed by measuring soil depth, percent bare rock and moss cover, and the numbers and diversity of trees, shrubs, and plants on 25 sampling sites, each containing ten measuring quadrats selected at random. Sixteen sites were on the Quatsino Formation, a well-karstified limestone, and nine on the Karmutsen Formation of basaltic lavas. Eight sites were of virgin forest, 16 were logged between 1970 and 1983, and one (on limestone) was logged in 1911. Both bedrock types were significantly affected by the cutting. There was greater loss of soil and an increase in bare rock on the limestones. Erosion was increased significantly by burning on the limestones but not on the volcanics. Within-group comparisons on the limestones determined that steeper slopes and harder burned areas suffered the most and are slowest to regenerate. Volume of timber on the 1911 site was 19 percent of that in similar uncut forest sites. It appears that complete recovery on the barren limestone slopes will require at least some centuries.     

Lithospheric thermal and compositional structure of South China jointly inverted from multiple geophysical observations

The detailed lithospheric structure of South China is the basis for the understanding of tectonic processes of eastern China.Specifically,two essential issues in the study of lithospheric structure are the thermal and compositional structures,which are usually derived from either geophysical or geochemical observations.However,inversions from single geophysical or geochemical datasets have certain limitations,making it necessary to develop joint inversions of geophysical,geochemical and petrological datasets.In this paper,through thermodynamic simulation and probabilistic inversion,we inverted multiple datasets including topography,geoid height,surface heat flow and surface wave dispersion curves for the 3D lithospheric thermal and compositional structure of South China.The results reveal a thin(<100 km)and flat LAB beneath the South China Fold System Block and the lower Yangtze Craton.Also,we found that the lithospheric mantle is primarily composed of saturated peridotite,indicating that the ancient refractory lithospheric mantle has been replaced by new materials.The dominant dynamic mechanism for lithospheric thinning in eastern South China may be the flat subduction of ancient Pacific slab,while thermal erosion may have also played a significant role.In contrast,the LAB depth beneath the Sichuan Basin is much thicker(>200 km),suggesting that the thick and cold craton lithospheric roots are retained.There may exist a discontinuous interface beneath the Sichuan Basin,with the saturated lower layer thicker than the refractory upper layer.As a result,the lithospheric mantle of the Sichuan Basin and surrounding regions is mainly composed of saturated and transitional peridotite.     

泌阳凹陷毕店地区油藏特征浅析

泌阳凹陷毕店地区经过三十多年的勘探,一直没有取得实质性的突破。2005年以来对该区三维地震资料重新处理与解释攻关,基本具备了精细勘探的物质基础。毕店地区主体已发现的油气藏类型以断层+岩性油气藏为主。通过应用系统的研究思路,以现代石油地质理论为指导,初步探讨毕店地区油藏分布特征与油气成藏的控制作用。     

地震孕育、发生、发展动态过程的三维有限元数值模拟

为探讨用数值方法模拟地震孕育、发生、发展动态过程的途径,从线性流变体介质内制约质点运动的运动方程出发,导出了模拟地震孕育、发生、发展动态过程的三维有限元方程及程序。还给出了模拟进程中地震孕育、发生、发展过程的约束条件,使得可以用同一个程序完整地模拟地震孕育、发生、发展的全过程,为地震过程本质的认识以及物理预报的实现提供了一个潜在的新手段。     

A STUDY ON TYPHOON MOVEMENT PART Ⅲ:EFFECT OF THE HORIZONTAL MOMENTUM EXCHANGE BETWEEN TYPHOONS AND ENVIRONMENT

Two semi-asymmetric flow patterns of typhoons are chosen to qualitatively determine the effect of exchange of horizontal momentum between inflow and outflow layers and the environment on the motion of typhoons. The results show that only the asymmetric flow component (residual after azimuthal mean flow has been removed) could cause a net momentum input into or output from a typhoon and therefore contribute to the changes in speed and direction of the typhoon movement. A typhoon with major inflow and/or outflow channels on its right (left) side would tend to accelerate and turn left (decelerate and turn right); On the other hand, a typhoon with major inflow and/or outflow channels in the rear (front) semicircle would tend to accelerate and turn right (decelerate and turn left).     

基于Matlab的断裂带温泉水地球化学特征及地震活动性研究

基于Matlab开发出地下流体分析软件,对比分析了甘肃西秦岭北缘的武山、街子和清水温泉水化学组分特征;初步分析了温泉水水质类型、补给来源、水-岩平衡状态以及循环深度,并讨论了温泉水深循环对地震活动性的影响.研究表明温泉水均为大气降水成因,其水化特征受围岩的控制作用;清水温泉水的成熟度没有武山和街子温泉水高.地下水循环深度较浅的武山温泉和街子温泉水化类型属于Na-HCO3·SO4·Cl,所处断裂的地震活动频繁;地下水循环深度较深的清水温泉水化类型属于Na-SO4·Cl,所处断裂的地震活动性弱.     

高光谱遥感卫星技术及其地质应用

在收集国内外高光谱技术发展、地质应用与研究实例资料的基础上,主要介绍了国内外高光谱地质应用的现状及其主要进展,并简要介绍了高光谱地质应用的主要技术。结合地质应用成功的实例,分析了高光谱遥感卫星技术在矿物识别与填图、岩性填图、矿产资源勘探、矿业环境监测、油气渗漏监测等地学方面的应用优势与前景,同时指出了目前高光谱遥感卫星技术地质应用存在的主要问题与发展趋势。     

煤渣吸附水中BHC(六氯环己烷)的条件实验研究

以GC-MS为分析手段,利用一定量预处理后的工业废弃物煤渣,通过实验得出煤渣吸附水中BHC的最佳条件为:pH值5,温度15℃.煤渣粒径的减小、用量的增加以及延长煤渣与水中BHC的接触时间均能增加煤渣对水中BHC的吸附量,在最佳条件下,每克煤渣对水中BHC的吸附量能达到354.22μg以上.通过利用煤渣处理安图水库水样结果表明,用煤渣处理含BHC的污染水,是一种较为理想的环境治理方法.     

GNSS-MR技术用于雪深探测的初步研究

全球导航卫星系统干涉反射测量（global navigation satellite system-interferometric reflectometry,GNSS-IR）技术能探测浅层地表的土壤湿度。针对多系统组合的土壤湿度反演问题,基于轨迹聚类方法,从全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)、北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDou satellite navigation system,BDS）、格洛纳斯(GLONASS)、伽利略（Galileo）导航系统的信噪比观测数据中提取多径干涉相位,利用经验模型求解轨迹聚类后的土壤湿度估计值,以加权平均方式得到系统组合后的估计结果。结果表明,BDS、Galileo反演精度相当且优于GPS、GLONASS,基于轨迹聚类的多系统组合土壤湿度估计方法的均方根误差为0.041 4 cm³/cm³,相比于单系统的综合反演精度提升约16.3%,相比于单系统的最佳频段反演精度提升约5.2%,所提方法能有效监测土壤湿度的变化。