以风浪成长阶段因子为参量的波高分布

在风的直接作用下产生的风浪,由于复杂的生成和发展条件,使其具有外观上的不规则性和随机性,内在的非线性性.早在五十年代初期,人们就针对风浪的随机性,运用统计方法,对风浪的统计性质进行了分析研究.就其外观而言,这种统计性质,主要由波面纵座标、波要素等的概率分布来描述,在把风浪作为一线性流体动力学模式来描述时,获得波面纵座标遵循正态分布律.     

RESEARCH ON THE DETERMINATION OF Pb, Cd, Cu AND Zn IN SEAWATER BY STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY

In this paper, a comparison viral made between the two results of determining Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in seawater by direct current (tripping voltammetry (DCS) with rotating glass carbon electrode and by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPS) with hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). By DCS, the range of linear calibration curves obtained was 4×10-3 M-2×10-7M for Cu, Zn and Cd, and 4× 10-9M-2×10-3M for Pb. By using DPS, the range of linear calibration curve was as follows: Cu 0.65-1.9 ppb; Pb 1.0-10 ppb; Zn 0.65-2.0 ppb; Cd 0.02-0.14 ppb. It was found that DCS could be used for determining Pb, Cu, Zn in coastal waters, but it is necessary to add gallium ion to it to eliminate the interference of Cu-Zn inter-metallic compound for determining Zn. The DPS is better for determinig Cd.     

A NUMERICAL MODEL OF PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS IN THE CENTRAL WATERS OF SOUTH CHINA SEA

The present study is based on the materials collected from the middle waters of the South China Sea between 12°-15°N and 111°-118°E during May to July in 1978.The biomass of the phytoplankton (Y, dependent variable) is established to give the biomass of each Species and the environmental factors (i. e. water temperature, salinity, oxygen, silicate and phosphate contents), X1,X2...,X139tt are independent variables that are used to stepwisc regression analysis. Accordicg to the mathematical tests and the practical experience by which a lot of species are deleted and added to the equation, the authors consider that the 4th equation as shown below is optimal one for the model of the biomass on the phytoplankton from this waters.The optimal equation refers to text.     

南麂列岛海洋自然保护区潮间带贝类资源时空分布

为了解南麂列岛海洋自然保护区潮间带贝类十多年来的动态变化,在1992年研究基础上,于2003年度再赴南麂列岛对岩、沙相贝类进行了研究.本次调查鉴定出贝类105种,其中岩相93种、沙相12种,6种为南麂列岛新记录种,对岩相、沙相贝类组合的生态特征进行了分析,岩相多样性和均匀度指数(1.25~2.20和0.54~0.70)高于沙相的(0.23~0.95和0.17~0.94).岩相贝类数量为3025.70g/m2和2660个/m2,生物量垂直分布为低潮区最高(6471.99g/m2),中潮区居中(3772.09g/m2),高潮区最小(78.35g/m2),栖息密度为中潮区最大(4245个/m2),低潮区居中(2973个/m2),高潮区最小(439个/m2).沙相贝类数量为16.81g/m2和11个/m2,低潮区(29.43g/m2和11个/m2)大于中潮区(14.01g/m2和10个/m2).通过与以往资料比对发现,岩礁贝类数量有所增加,沙滩贝类数量则明显下降,监控区贝类数量明显多于其他区域,对贝类资源变化产生影响的相关因子作了分析探讨.     

Application of the first internal transcribed spacer(ITS-1) of ribosomal DNA as a molecular marker to population analysis in farrer''s scallop Chlamys farreri

Sequence variation of the first internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA （ ITS - 1 ） was examined and its application to the study of genetic variation was explored in four populations of farter＇ s scallop Chlamys farreri. ITS - 1 fragments, with a length of about 300 bp,of 78 individuals collected from Dalian, Qingdao, Yantai in China and Korea respectively were amplified via PCR, cloned and sequenced. Intra-genomic variation was examined by sequencing several clones of single individuals. Alignment and polymorphism analysis detected 44 haplotypes and 50 polymorphic sites which consist of 30 substitutions and 20 indels, indicating a high level of polymorphisms. Sequence analysis also showed a very low level of intra-individual variation. All these features validated the feasibility of application of ITS - 1 fragment to population analysis. Polymorphism analysis showed that the Korea sample has the richest genetic variation, followed by Yantai and Qingdao samples. AMOVA （analysis of molecular variance） showed that the majority （96.26%） of genetic variation was distributed within populations and 3.74% resulted from among populations, but with P 〈 0.05 （ = 0.042）, indicating that the populations in this study have significant divergence. This output was basically concordant with the result arising from RAPD data and different from that from mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence data. Discussion on this inconsistency was made accordingly.     

渤海湾天津近岸海域水环境空间变异分析

由于海岸带的地理条件和海洋动力特性的复杂性以及人类开发活动对海岸带的影响,近岸海域的生态环境系统在空间分布上有很大的变异性.基于现场实测资料,建立系统的空间变异分析模型,对海岸带生态环境空间变化规律进行分析,可以充分了解不同区域的污染特征和变化趋势.应用所构建的空间变异分析模型对渤海湾天津近岸海域的水环境特性进行分析,结合对应年份的入海流量及其变化,分析了天津渤海湾海岸带污染的主因子和区域水环境的分布特征,结果可以对海洋功能区的划分和水环境综合评价结果进行验证和补充.     

渤海生态动力过程的模型研究 Ⅱ.营养盐以及叶绿素a的季节变化

利用在本系列研究第一部分中所建立的耦合的生物物理模型,模拟了渤海浮游植物生物量和营养盐含量的年度循环特征.模拟结果显示:藻类的春季水华是由经过一冬积累在水体中的营养盐导致,而水华开始的时间在浅水区明显早于深水区,对此深水区水体层化结构的形成可能起着重要作用;另一方面,河载营养盐与悬起的沉积物所释放的营养盐是诱发夏季水华的共同原因.基于模型结果,我们还发现:渤海的浮游植物动力特性就整体而言依然受无机氮限制,但是在莱州湾,磷限制特性表现得非常明显,这主要是由于每年黄河都要携带大量的无机氮进入海水,从而导致莱州湾营养盐的氮磷比已远远超过16.     

强壮箭虫对温度、盐度的耐受性研究

研究强壮箭虫对突变温度、突变盐度和渐变温度、渐变盐度的耐受性.结果表明:水温由15℃突变到1℃时,存活率为75%;水温由15℃突变为30℃时,存活率仅为5%.求得24h急性半致死温度上限为27.2℃.水温从20℃逐渐上升至25、30、35℃,存活率分别为85 %、10 %、0 %;水温从20℃逐渐下降至15、10、5℃,其存活率分别为 100 %、95 %和80 %.盐度从31突变为20、40,箭虫的存活率均为100%,随着盐度突变幅度的增大,强壮箭虫的存活率呈降低趋势.求得24h急性半致死盐度上限为45,24h急性半致死盐度下限为13.3.盐度逐渐从31上升到46、 52,其存活率由90%下降到0%;盐度逐渐从31降到13、6,其存活率由95%下降到0%.求得间隔12h半致死渐变盐度上限为48.7,半致死渐变盐度下限为9.3.根据实验结果,强壮箭虫应属喜冷广温种和近岸广盐种.     

注射生物胺对凡纳滨对虾鳃丝离子转运酶活力和血淋巴渗透压的影响

本文研究了注射生物胺(多巴胺、5-羟色胺)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)离子转运酶活力和渗透压的影响。结果表明:注射生物胺(DA、5-HT)对凡纳滨对虾鳃丝总AT- Pase、Na -K -ATPase、V-ATPase活力的影响均显著(P<0．05)．而对HCO3--ATPase活力和渗透压的影响不显著(P>0．05),而对照组渗透生理指标无明显变化。注射DA组AT- Pase、Na -K -ATPase活力在6h内呈峰值变化,分别在1h、3h达到最大值,在6-12h时稳定在对照组水平,12h后逐渐升高,于36h时达到最大值后降低,而V-ATPase活力在实验时间内呈阶段式升高现象,在36h达最大值后降低;注射5-HT组ATPase、Na -K -ATPase活力随取样时间增加而降低．至9h达到最小值,9h后趋于稳定,V-ATPase活力在48h内与对照组差异不显著。注射DA、5-HT处理组血淋巴渗透压分别在6h、9h内呈明显的峰值变化．分别在1h、6h达到最大值,然后分别在6h、9h后趋于稳定,并恢复至对照组水平。     

渤海湾、黄河口和长江口海域海水中颗粒氨基酸含量的分布

海水中除含有大量无机物质外，还含有种类繁多，但含量很低的有机物质，其含量约为C 0.5-2.0mg/L。海水有机物质可分为溶解有机物质(DOM)和颗粒有机物质(POM)。前者为主要组分，后者所含比例很小。在大洋中POM的主要来源有:①浮游生物，尤其是浮游植物活体、死骸及其分解碎屑;②海水中进行的DOM-POM的动力平衡产物。近岸海水还受河流流入的陆地POM和大气带入的陆源尘埃的影响。POM主要由蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂类等组成。POM是食碎屑动物的良好食物，它构成海洋食物链的一环，与水域生物生产力有直接的联系。POM中蛋白质含量以颗粒氨基酸(PAA)表示。Daumas(1976)曾报道过沿岸海水中PAA含量的季节变异，纪明侯等(1992年)于1980-1981年首次对青岛胶州湾内PAA含量在不同站位和不同季节中的变化特征进行调査研究。作者等继而于1982年7月、1983年10月和1984年5、7、8月乘“金星二号”考察船前后首次研究了渤海湾、黄河口和长江口附近水域中颗粒氨基酸的组成与含量在不同站位中的分布。所得结果如下。