2018年12月16日兴文5.7级地震序列定位

Gong Yue;Zhao Min;LongFeng;Fu Ying(Sichuan Earthquake Agency,Sichuan Chengdu 610041,China)     

Spatiotemporal variations of dissolved inorganic carbon and controlling factors in a small karstic catchment,Southwestern China

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the most important carbon component in karst aquatic system where fluid is highly transmissive, but has rarely been examined in the subtropical karst critical zone (K-CZ). In this study, concentrations of dissolved solutes and isotopic compositions of DIC (δ¹³C_DIC) at 11 sites of a 73.4 km² karstic catchment in Southwestern China were analysed monthly in order to uncover the spatiotemporal variations of both DIC and its dominant sources, and to identify relevant controlling factors. Both DIC concentrations and δ¹³C_DIC were highly variable, ranging from 2.52 to 5.85 mmol l⁻¹ and from −15.7 to −4.5‰, respectively. DIC in underground water (UGW) was higher in concentration and more depleted in ¹³C compared to surface water (SFS). DIC concentrations showed an inconsistent seasonal trend with other solutes, with higher values in the wet season at some sites. δ¹³C_DIC values were lower in the wet season than in the dry season. The results of mixing model IsoSource revealed spatiotemporal patterns of DIC sources. During the dry season, carbonate weathering was the primary contributor to DIC in UGW (excluding in the middle reaches). However, during the wet season, soil CO₂ was the dominant source of DIC in both UGW and SFS, and it was higher than in the dry season. Overall, there are significant spatiotemporal disparities and highly transmissive characteristics of both DIC and its sources in the K-CZ, which are controlled by multiple factors. This study also highlights that rainfall may play a crucial role in accelerating carbon dynamics in the K-CZ. High-frequency sampling campaigns in high-flow periods and deep analyses are needed in future work to elucidate the related processes and mechanisms. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Grey Water Footprint Assessment from the Perspective of Water Pollution Sources: A Case Study of China

Water Resources - With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the water crisis is becoming more severe and may threaten the future of sustainable development. Assessing grey water...     

首都圈东部地区震群序列性质判定

采用传统方法和数字地震学方法（视应力）,对首都圈东部地区2009-2017年发生的震群序列性质进行分析,分析结果表明：①使用传统方法不能确定震群序列性质,可以利用视应力方法进一步分析,该方法能够反映每个震群应力场的变化特征,可以进行异常性质判别;②通过2种方法的对比分析,可以提高震群序列异常性质判定结果的科学性和可信度,为后续地震活动趋势提供有力的参考依据。对2种方法进行震例检验,可知后续地震一般为中等以上地震,在震群（具有异常性质）发生1-7个月后发震,发震位置在震源区附近。     

地震活动性总体参量Rt在北京及邻区地震预测中的应用

采用地震活动性总体参量R_t方法,研究北京及邻区R_t值在中等地震前随时间的变化特征,分析跟踪地震发生前研究区域地震活动状态,探讨中等地震孕震过程的异常信息的变化特征。结果显示:当R_t值大于阈值0.84时,研究区域地震活动状态比较稳定,发生中等地震的可能性较小;反之,表明地震活动处于不稳定状态,具有发生中等地震的危险。检验R_t值的地震预测效能,预测效果比较理想,利用地震活动状态参量R_t研究北京及邻区地震活动状态,判定中等地震发生的风险性,具有一定预测意义。     

Adsorption characteristics of copper ion on nanoporous silica

Adsorption by nanoporous media is critically involved in many fundamental geological and geochemical processes including chemical weathering,element migration and enrichment,environmental pollution,etc.Yet,the adsorption behavior of metal ions on nanoporous materials has not been systematically investigated.In this study,MCM-41 material with a monodisperse pore size(4.4 nm)and a large BET specific surface area(839 m^2/g)was hydrothermally prepared and used as a model silica adsorbent to study the adsorption characteristics of Cu^2+as a representative metal ion.The Cu^2+adsorption capacity was found to increase with increasing suspension pH in the range from 3 to 5 and to decrease in the presence of NaNO3.At 25℃,pH=5,and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 5 g/L,the adsorption capacity was determined to be 0.29 mg/g,which can be converted to a dimensionless partition coefficient of 45,indicating a strong enriching effect of nanoporous silica.The adsorption isotherm and kinetic data were fitted to several commonly used thermodynamic,kinetic,and diffusion models.The adsorption mechanism was also studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy.The results suggest that Cu2+ion adsorption is an entropy-driven endothermal process,possibly involving both outer-sphere and inner-sphere complexes.     

行星际磁场B_y对弓激波影响的MHD结果

利用全球磁流体模拟的结果,本文研究了行星际磁场B_y对弓激波位型的影响.结果显示:随着行星际磁场B_y绝对值的增大,弓激波的日下点距离、旋转对称张角、南北非对称性以及旋转非对称性均随之增加.其中,B_y对弓激波日下点距离的影响可达5 RE左右.东向B_y和西向B_y对弓激波位型影响具有对称性,东向B_y和西向B_y大小相同时弓激波日下点距离、旋转对称张角以及旋转非对称性参数均相同,而南北非对称性参数大小相同正负相反.行星际磁场B_y占主导时弓激波尾部横截面在南北方向上拉伸,并且拉伸程度随着B_y绝对值的增大而增大,弓激波尾部横截面的拉伸现象与磁声波马赫数密切相关.     

典型喀斯特峡谷区碳储量空间分配格局、演变过程及其贡献率

采用样方法和土地利用转移矩阵,以贵州省西南部的晴隆县为研究区域,研究了典型喀斯特峡谷区不同土地利用类型在1988、1999和2009年的碳储量空间格局和演变过程,并由此估算了贵州省喀斯特峡谷区的碳储量及贡献率。结果表明：晴隆县喀斯特区域的碳储量和平均碳密度呈先减少后增加的趋势。由晴隆县不同情况下的碳储量比例关系,估算出贵州省喀斯特峡谷区碳储量的实际值为42.55 Tg。同时,研究结果表明人类活动对碳储量的空间格局和演变有很大的影响。此外,估算的贵州省喀斯特峡谷区生态系统的平均碳密度远高于中国陆地生态系统的平均值,土壤平均碳密度则接近全国陆地生态系统平均值,但其植被平均碳密度却远高于全国陆地生态系统平均值,与全国森林系统的植被平均碳密度持平。这说明喀斯特峡谷区具有极大的固碳潜力,对其进行石漠化防治,是极其必要的。     

基于眼部图像特征的肝肾疾病病证比较研究

目的：基于五轮学说及眼部图像特征提取技术,探讨不同证候（湿热内蕴证、肝郁脾虚证、肝肾阴虚证）的肝硬化及慢性肾脏疾病患者眼部图像特征及其差异性,以期从眼部图像特征上为肝硬化临床诊断及证候辨识提供数据支持。方法：选取2017年10月至2018年3月在上海中医药大学附属曙光医院肝硬化科住院的湿热内蕴证、肝郁脾虚证及肝肾阴虚证3种证候的肝硬化患者118 例为研究对象,运用眼科裂隙灯采集受试者的眼部图像,并以年龄、性别、体质量指数匹配的非肝病（慢性肾脏疾病）患者115 例及健康志愿者112 例眼部图像特征为对照进行比较研究。剔除因受到各种因素干扰眼部图像不符合要求的患者,最终3组各纳入60 例进行眼部图像分析。基于图像局部二值模式（LBP）特征提取法,将彩色图像转化为共生矩阵,计算图像LBP特征面积百分比。通过方差分析、秩和检验等统计学方法对相关指标进行比较分析,找出组间差异性。结果：肝硬化患者、慢性肾脏疾病患者与健康人3组眼部图像LBP特征面积百分比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与健康人组相比,在255层面积百分比中,肝硬化组有245层差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,慢性肾脏疾病组有246层差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。肝硬化组与慢性肾脏疾病组相比,2组共有15层面积百分比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。对2种疾病间不同证候的LBP特征频数面积百分比进行比较,慢性肾脏疾病患者湿热内蕴证、肝郁脾虚证及肝肾阴虚证3组证候间共19层差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而肝硬化组患者3组证候间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。比较3种证候不同疾病间的LBP特征频数面积百分比,湿热内蕴证中,肝硬化与慢性肾脏疾病组患者间有54层差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;肝肾阴虚证中共有46层差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而肝郁脾虚证的2种疾病间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。比较湿热内蕴证、肝郁脾虚证与肝肾阴虚证3种证候间频数面积百分比,发现有2层差异存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：基于眼部图像LBP特征发现,肝硬化及慢性肾脏疾病2种疾病间存在明显差异,且2种疾病的相同证候间比较亦有显著性差异,但同一疾病的3种不同证候间比较,仅肾脏病患者在一定程度上有差异,而肝硬化患者各证候间区分不明显。提示运用眼部图像LBP特征提取技术对不同疾病区分的敏感性优于对证候的区分。