Change of multifractal thermal characteristics in the western Philippine sea upper layer during internal wave-soliton propagation

The upper layer (above 140 m depth) temperature in the western Philippine Sea near Taiwan was sampled using a coastal monitoring buoy (CMB) with 15 attached thermistors during July 28–August 7, 2005. The data were collected every 10 min at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m using the CMB sensors, and every 15 sec at 15 different depths between 25 m and 140 m. Internal waves and solitons were identified from the time-depth plot of the temperature field. Without the internal waves and solitons, the power spectra, structure functions, and singular measures (representing the intermittency) of temperature field satisfy the power law with multi-scale characteristics at all depths. The internal waves do not change the basic characteristics of the multifractal structure. However, the internal solitons change the power exponent of the power spectra drastically, especially in the low wave number domain; they also break down the power law of the structure function and increase the intermittency parameter. The physical mechanisms causing these different effects need to be explored further.     

Further evidence for non-reemergence of winter SST anomalies in the North Pacific eastern subtropical mode water area

Following our previous study (Sugimoto and Hanawa, 2005b), we further investigate the reason why reemergence of winter sea surface temperature anomalies does not occur in the North Pacific eastern subtropical mode water (NPESTMW) area, despite its occurrence in the North Pacific subtropical mode water and North Pacific central mode water areas. We use vertical temperature and salinity profiles of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment Hydrographic Program and Argo floats with high vertical and temporal resolution, together with heat flux data through the sea surface. We point out first that one of the causes for non-occurrence of reemergence is that the thickness of NPESTMW is very thin. In addition to this basic cause, two major reasons are found: a vigorous mixing in the lower portion of NPESTMW and less heat input from the atmosphere in the warming season. Since, in the lower portion of NPESTMW and deeper, the stratification is favorable for salt-finger type convection to occur compared with the other mode water areas, vigorous mixing takes place. This is confirmed by both a large Turner Angle there and the existence of staircase structures in vertical temperature and salinity profiles. From the viewpoint of heat input, the NPESTMW area gradually gains heat in the warming season compared with other mode water areas. As a result, NPESTMW cannot be capped so quickly by the shallow summer mixed layer, and water properties of NPESTMW are to be gradually modified, even in the upper portion.     

Geomorphological evidence for upslope canyon-forming processes on the northern KwaZulu-Natal shelf,SW Indian Ocean,South Africa

A geomorphological and statistical analysis of slope canyons from the northern KwaZulu-Natal continental margin is documented and compared with submarine canyons from the Atlantic margin of the USA. The northern KwaZulu-Natal margin is characterized by increasing upslope relief, concave slope-gradient profiles and features related to upslope growth of the canyon forms. Discounting slope-gradient profile, this morphology is strikingly similar to canyon systems of the New Jersey slope. Several phases of canyon incision indicate that downslope erosion is also an important factor in the evolution of the northern KwaZulu-Natal canyon systems. Despite the strong similarities between the northern KwaZulu-Natal and New Jersey slope-canyon systems, key differences are evident: (1) the concavity of the northern KwaZulu-Natal slope, contrasting with the ∼linear New Jersey slope; (2) the relative isolation of the northern KwaZulu-Natal canyons, rather than the dense clustering of the New Jersey canyons; and (3) the absence of strongly shelf-breaching canyons along the northern KwaZulu-Natal margin. In comparison with the New Jersey margin, we surmise a more youthful stage of canyon evolution, a result of either the canyons themselves being younger or the formative processes being less active. Less complicated patterns of erosion resulting from reduced sediment availability have developed in northern KwaZulu-Natal. The reduction in slope concavity on the New Jersey margin may be the result of grading of the upper slope by intensive headward erosion, a process more subdued—or less evident—on the KwaZulu-Natal margin.     

现代水下技术在我国水运工程建设中的应用与前景

自本世纪８０年代中期以来，世界水下工程技术随着各国科学水平的提高而得以迅速发展。本文从水下工程技术的专业范畴及特征着手，分析了现代水下技术在水运工程建设中的应用；介绍了国外现代水下技术的基本进展及趋势；评价了国内水下工程技术及装备水平，同时展示了我院近十年来在现代水下技术与装备和开发、应用方面所做的工作与实力；最后分析了国内水运工程建设发展对水下技术的挑战，以及发展我国现代水下技术装备开发研究所面     

A reliable and sensitive closing gear

The model QQC_(2-2) plankton net closing gear is a device designed to control the stratifiedsampling of the plankton net by means of a messenger. The device in its fie1d use has met with98% success in 766 times of strtified sampling of plankton at 157 stations during separatesurveys of Fujian coast zone, the Taiwan Strait, and the central section of the South China Sea,     

海洋岛海域水温异常波动与养殖栉孔扇贝死亡的关系

本文对海洋岛海域水温异常波动,与该海域养殖栉孔扇贝大批死亡的关系,进行了研究。首先,总结了几年来海洋岛海域养殖栉孔扇贝死亡的特征。其次,结合水温观测数据分析了水温异常波动与栉孔扇贝大批死亡的关系。得出的结论是:大幅度、跳跃型水温异常波动是导致扇贝死亡主要原因。最后,通过生物试验证实了上述观点。     

厦门岛市区机动车流的航空遥感监测

本文介绍了厦门岛市区机动车流遥感监测的实施目的和方法，通过航空影像有关题信息解译与实例、专题图件编制以及统计资料的对比分析，认为：目前厦门岛市区交通主要存在着机动车增长过速、道路狭窄和会计室场少且分布不合理等三个方面的问题，文中提出了相应的建议。体现了航空遥感对于中、大比例尺城市动态监测快速有效的特点。     

东海陆架区毛颚动物的分布

毛颚动物是浮游动物中的重要类群,是典型的海洋浮游动物(仅Spadella属的种类生活于浅海岩石或海藻之间)。它的分布遍及世界海洋。在数量上也相当可观,根据1976年我们在东海两次采集的资料，夏、秋季它在浮游动物总生物量中的比例可达40%。 毛颚类是肉食性浮游动物中的饕餮者,不仅大量消耗桡足类,有时也能吞噬个体较小的燐虾、端足类和仔稚鱼等。它的数量高峰往往出现在其他草食性浮游动物的数量高峰之后。然而,它本身又是一些鱼类和肉食性浮游动物的食料。可见它在海洋食物网中所处地位的重要。在水域生产カ研究中,毛颚类的研究是了解某一海区生态转换效率的一项重要内容。 许多毛颚类是水团或海流的良好标志,例如,强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)可以作为黄海水团和日本内海低盐水的指标种,秀箭虫(Sagitta elegans)可以作为亲潮和里门寒流的指标种,锯齿箭虫(Sagitta serratodentata)在大西洋可以作为湾流的指标种,而多变箭虫(Sagitta decipiens)在印度西岸可以作为上升流的指标。又如人们所熟知的，Russell曾根据毛箭虫(Sagitta setosa)和秀箭虫的分布来推断北海低盐水团和天西洋高盐水团在英吉利海峡的相互推移和消长的情况。这类例子很多,兹不赘述。总之,毛颚类作为海流或水团的指标已日益受到各国海洋学工作者的重视。 本文根据东海陆架区综合考查1976年6-7月及8-9月,在127°E以西,北起32°N,南至26°30′N(6-7月在黄海南部增加一斜断面),用大型浮游生物网自底到表垂直拖网样品85份加以分析,对调查期间此海域内毛颚动物的分布作一概述。     

热点与大洋中脊的相互作用

大规模的火山大洋中脊系统绕地球延伸60 0 0 0 km长 ,几乎全部分布在世界大洋洋底。有的地方 ,大洋中脊火山的规模非常大 ,以致高出海面形成地球上最为壮观的岛屿。冰岛、亚速尔群岛及加拉帕戈斯等都属此类岛屿。因为它们是由深部地幔上升的异常热岩石在小区域内形成的 ,并散布在海底 ,所以称它们为“热点”。但是 ,热点并不是一种孤立的现象。卫星海洋学、地震学、地球化学和地球动力学的最令人激动的进展表明了热点对全球大部分洋中脊系统具有重要的意义和长远的影响。全球已经确认的热点大约有 44个。其中大多数都与洋中脊系统有关联 ,确…     

Jellyfish patch formation investigated by aerial photography and drifter experiment

Jellyfish patch formation is investigated by conducting a drifter experiment combined with aerial photography of a sustained patch of the moon jellyfish in Hokezu Bay, Japan. Jellyfish patches are aggregations of individuals that are caused by a combination of swimming (active influence) and advection by currents (passive influence). The drifter experiment involved the injection of 49 drifters around a distinct surface patch of jellyfish within an area of approximately 300 m × 300 m. The drifters’ motion, caused only by the passive influence, was recorded in a series of 38 aerial photographs taken over approximately 1 h. The ambient uniform current field larger than the patch scale was estimated from the movement of the centroid position of drifters, while the distribution of horizontal divergence and relative vorticity around the patch was estimated from the time-derivative in areas of triangles formed by the drifters. The centroid positions of both drifters and patches moved stably toward the bay head at different speeds. The difference vector between the patch and drifter centroids was directed to the sun, and was opposite to the ambient current. The distributions of vorticity and divergence around patches exhibited inhomogeneity within the patch scale, and the drifters in this nonuniform current field aggregated near the convergence area within 1 h. The results suggest that horizontal patch formation is predominantly influenced by passive factors at the surface of Hokezu Bay. Furthermore, the upward swimming against downwelling may make sustained patch in surface layer.