机构改革背景下的广东省海洋灾害应急管理

为进一步提升广东省海洋灾害应急管理水平和全社会抵御海洋灾害的综合防范能力,文章在广东省机构改革的背景下,概述广东省海洋灾害应急管理"一案三制"体系,查找存在的问题,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:广东省海洋灾害应急管理已初步建立应急预案以及体制、机制和法制体系,尤其是2018年机构改革后成立广东省应急管理厅,有力促进全灾种、全流程和全方位的应急管理,其中海洋灾害应急管理体制由应急管理领导议事机构、应急管理综合调度机构、海洋灾害专业管理机构和海洋灾害辅助管理机构4个部分组成;在防灾减灾救灾体制机制改革和机构改革的新形势下,广东省海洋灾害应急管理仍存在不足,亟须完善地方性法规等制度、优化管理体制机制、加强技术支撑和成果转化以及提高社会和市场参与度。     

不同类型的高位虾池排污对秋茄幼苗生长的影响

中国多数红树林陆地边缘存在着大量的养虾池塘。这些养虾池塘可通过：（1）换塘外排废水,（2）清塘直排污泥影响周围的红树林。本研究共包含两个实验,来探讨这两种类型的排污对秋茄幼苗生长的影响。实验一模拟虾池常规换塘情况,研究换塘废水对秋茄幼苗生长的影响。实验二设置四种虾池清塘污泥沉积厚度（0 cm,2 cm,4 cm,8 cm）,研究虾池清塘污泥的累积效应对秋茄幼苗生长的影响。结果如下：在5,15和25三种盐度下,虾池换塘废水未对秋茄生长指标造成显著影响;而清塘污泥对秋茄生长的影响与其沉积厚度有关,大多数生长参数在污泥沉积厚度为4 cm时呈现最大值。秋茄幼苗在适量的沉积厚度下加速了生长,且本实验秋茄幼苗对虾池清塘污泥的耐受性为沉积厚度8 cm。     

闽北近岸海域末次盛冰期古河道体系平面展布以及垂向反射特征

根据采集的3 500 km浅地层剖面资料,对闽北近岸海域末次盛冰期古河道体系的平面展布特征(宽度、深度变化特征)和垂向剖面反射特征(反射界面、层序内部反射特征)进行了详细的描述,系统地分析了研究区在末次盛冰期古河道体系的平面展布和古河道典型断面反射特征,初步推测了其起源及形成时的地质环境。结果表明：①研究区内存在一个古河道体系,结合当时古地形及地理位置综合分析,古河道分布与当时海底的地形变化大致对应,推测其中一条走向大致为EW向的古河道可能来源于闽江,另外一条走向为SN向的古河道可能来源于长江支流,具体起源尚待进一步探讨;②进一步验证了自末次盛冰期以来,研究区从发生海退裸露地表发育古河道到再次遭受海侵形成浅海环境的历史变迁。     

春季季风间期赤道东印度洋浮游植物光合生理特征

Phytoplankton physiologies are dynamic and have sensitive responses to the ambient environment. In this paper,we examine photosynthetic physiologies of phytoplankton communities with Phyto-PAM in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean during the spring inter-monsoon. Environmental parameters were measured to investigate the coupling between phytoplankton photosynthetic physiologies and their habitats. During the cruise, the water column was highly stratified. The mixed layer extended to about 75 m and was characterized by high temperature(28°C) and low nutrient level. The F_v/F_m values and chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentrations were lower at the surface, as consequences of nutrient depletion and photo-inhibition. Subsurface Chl a maximum(SCM) occurred between 75 and 100 m, and had the highest F_v/F_m values. The formation of SCM was a balance between nutrient availability and light limitation. The SCM may contribute significantly to pelagic food web and primary production in the water column. Phytoplankton in different layers encountered different light, trophic and hydrographic dynamics and evolved distinct photosynthetic characteristics. Despite of co-limitation of nutrient limitation and photo-inhibition, phytoplankton in the surface layer showed their acclimation to high irradiance, had lower light utilization efficiencies(α: 0.061±0.032) and could exploit a wide range of light irradiance. Whereas, phytoplankton in the SCM layers presented the highest light utilization efficiencies(α:0.146±0.48), which guaranteed higher photosynthetic capacities under low light level. These results provide insights into phytoplankton photo-adaption strategies in this less explored region.     

热带西太平洋砂壳纤毛虫的多样性

为了探明热带西太平洋海区砂壳纤毛虫的多样性、垂直分布及纬向变化,我们于2012年11-12月在该海区四个断面采集了0-200 m的水样。共检出砂壳纤毛虫39属124种,多数种类喜好生活在表层和次表层。砂壳纤毛虫种丰富度、丰度以及多样性指数的高值主要出现在比叶绿素浓度最大值稍浅的位置,与温度和叶绿素浓度显著正相关,与盐度和采样深度显著负相关。多数优势种与环境因子间的相关性不显著。热带西太平洋海区砂壳纤毛虫多样性极高,各站种丰富度在25-52之间。在从表层至75 m处的多数采样点香农指数均大于3。该海区砂壳纤毛虫冗余种的比例很高,占砂壳纤毛虫总种类数的87.90%,贡献了砂壳纤毛虫60.38%的丰度,表明热带西太平洋海区砂壳纤毛虫群落对饵料组成和摄食压力改变的应对能力很强,稳定性很高。     

杭州湾南岸浅滩的漫滩潮流数值模拟

在杭州湾浅滩上采用底座式ADCP测得单点的漫滩潮流流速、流向及同步水位的变化过程,并在此基础上建立平面二维潮流数值模型,分析整个潮滩上的漫滩潮流过程及其特征。在模型漫滩边界上采用向上取水位值的处理方法,使得模型计算稳定,并获得了稳定逼真的漫滩潮流模拟结果。模拟结果表明:漫滩潮流模拟过程与实测资料基本一致。因此在漫滩潮流模拟中向上取水位值的边界处理方法是可行的。研究成果为漫滩潮流的数值模拟提供了一种较实用的漫滩边界处理方法。     

A three-dimensional water quality model and its application to Jiaozhou Bay, China

A three-dimensional coupled physical and water quality model was developed and applied to the Jiaozhou Bay to study water quality involving nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, and phytoplankton that are closely related to eutrophication process. The physical model is a modified ECOM-si version with inclusion of flooding/draining processes over the intertidal zone. The water quality model is based on WASP5 which quantifies processes governing internal nutrients cycling, dissolved oxygen balance and phytoplankton growth. The model was used to simulate the spatial distribution and the temporal variation of water quality in the Jiaozhou Bay for the period of May 2005 to May 2006. In addition, the effect of reduction of riverine nutrients load was simulated and evaluated. The simulated results show that under the influence of nutrients discharged from river, the concentrations of nutrients and phytoplankton were higher in the northwest and northeast of the bay, and decreased from the inner bay to the outer. Affected by strong tidal mixing, the concentrations of all state variables were vertically homogeneous except in the deeper regions where a small gradient was found. Obvious seasonal variation of phytoplankton biomass was found, which exhibited two peaks in March and July, respectively. The variation of riverine waste loads had remarkable impact on nutrients concentration in coastal areas, but slightly altered the distribution in the center of the bay.     

热带气旋中期路径的动力相似预测方案

提出一个西北太平洋热带气旋中期路径的动力相似预测方案.方案应用热带气旋初始参数和数值预报产品,构造未来时刻环境要素场的多元客观相似判据.通过定义非线性的相似指数综合评估历史热带气旋样本与预报热带气旋在多元判据下的连续动态相似程度,以此找到相似样本.应用相似样本的历史路径进行坐标变换、相似指数的权重综合和惯性动力修正,得到热带气旋中期预报路径.预报试验表明该方案具有预报技巧.     

A modified analytical method for the shipboard determination of nanomolar concentrations of orthophosphate in seawater

A method for the determination of nanomolar concentrations of orthophosphate in oligotrophic seawater developed by Liang et al. (2007) has been modified to make it fully feasible for shipboard application and for faster sample throughput with minimized sample volume. The technique is based on the flow injection method with solid phase extraction on a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and colorimetric detector. The Schlieren effect was minimized by rinsing the cartridge sequentially with 5 mL water and 2 mL 95% ethanol solution. With three micro pumps in parallel, savings of up to 80% in amount of reagents and 25% volume of seawater samples could be achieved in comparison to the previous method. Variation of stopped flow time and sample loading time gave 3 different standard curves, which corresponded to 3 linear ranges within 3.4 and 515 nM. The modified method permits the analysis of samples over a wide range of concentrations, and has been successfully applied to shipboard determination of trace orthophosphate in more than 200 seawater samples during a one-month cruise in the South China Sea. For seawater at concentrations of 20.6, 82.5, 206.2 nM orthophosphate, the relative standard deviations (RSD) (n = 6), determined daily for 6 days on board ship were 4.45%, 4.73% and 6.75%, respectively. Five seawater samples collected in the Station SEATS (South East Asia Time Series Station at 18°N, 116°E) were analyzed using the present method both on board and in a land-based laboratory, as well as with the magnesium hydroxide-induced coprecipitation (MAGIC) method, and showed no significant difference according to the statistical t-test.     

BTEX异常对海域油气藏指示作用的研究

常规的油气化探方法一般是应用烷烃类作为油气勘探的基本指标,但是烷烃类易受人类活动和生物活动的干扰,使常规的化探技术在油气勘探中一直受到限制。人们开始考虑采用直接的生物标记化合物来预测油气藏,如芳烃系列中的苯系化合物苯(benzene)、甲苯(toluene)、乙苯(ethylbenzene)、二甲苯(xylem),简称BTEX。国内外研究表明,BTEX基本不受人类活动和生物活动的干扰,对油气藏具有良好的指示作用。依据南海某区的实测资料,采用自主研发的油气化探可视化评价软件进行数据处理,剥离背景异常,圈出有效的BTEX异常,并与靶区地层剖面进行了对比,结果证实了BTEX对海域油气藏具有良好的指示作用。