苡茨河泥石流地质灾害及防治

据统计,1992~2013年苡茨河曾多次发生泥石流地质灾害,并造成村民生命财产巨大损失。2013年7月24日再次爆发泥石流,破坏农田71280m2(108亩)。因此在对苡茨河泥石流形成条件、活动特征分析基础上,分析其泥石流的形成机制及其造成巨大危害的原因,预测其发展趋势,在已有治理措施的基础上,提出两种防治对策进行对比,得出一个较为合理的防治方案。     

塔里木板块东南缘多坝沟金矿区花岗岩类年代学、地球化学特征及找矿意义

多坝沟金矿是近年来塔里木盆地东南缘新发现的一处具有一定规模的金矿床,矿区内出露的英云闪长岩侵入闪长岩中,金矿体主要赋存在英云闪长岩体内部的构造蚀变带中。笔者对矿区闪长岩、英云闪长岩和金矿石进行了岩石学和地球化学研究,闪长岩具有埃达克型花岗岩特征,英云闪长岩具有喜马拉雅型花岗岩特征,全岩δ18OV-SMOW‰为11.0‰~13.4‰。通过金矿石的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得具有多期峰值的变质年龄,206Pb/238U年龄值在422~1 284 Ma,这组年龄显示出闪长岩形成年龄为（497±13）Ma,英云闪长岩的形成年龄为（435.9±6.6）Ma,伴随构造热液活动的年龄,成矿年龄稍晚于英云闪长岩的年龄,矿区的2期岩浆活动与塔里木东南缘-阿尔金北缘早古生代2期主要成矿阶段一致,多坝沟金矿成矿阶段主要集中在第二阶段,表明在塔里木盆地东南缘寻找与早古生代形成的埃达克型和喜马拉雅型花岗岩有关金铜矿床具有一定的潜力。     

一种改进的基于非高斯性最大化的预测反褶积算法

The predictive deconvolution algorithm （PD）, which is based on second-order statistics, assumes that the primaries and the multiples are implicitly orthogonal. However, the seismic data usually do not satisfy this assumption in practice. Since the seismic data （primaries and multiples） have a non-Gaussian distribution, in this paper we present an improved predictive deconvolution algorithm （IPD） by maximizing the non-Gaussianity of the recovered primaries. Applications of the IPD method on synthetic and real seismic datasets show that the proposed method obtains promising results.     

高分辨率地震成像研究--21世纪地震学发展的一个重要趋势

随着宽频带地震观测技术的不断发展,全球及区域数字地震观测台网的密度正在不断加大,用于流动地震观测的宽频带地震仪的数量将继续迅速增加。与此同时,宽频带数字地震观测资料的积累速率按指数增长,这意味着震源波裂过程及地球内部结构的高分辨率地震成像研究将成为２１世纪地震学发展的重要趋势。地震学与地球动力学研究的关系将日趋紧密,宽频带流动地震观测的作用和重要性必将与日俱增。     

Epicenter and magnitude of large earthquake determined from high-rate GPS observations: A case study of the 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

For earthquake and tsunami early warning and emergency response,the earthquake epicenter and magnitude should be determined rapidly and correctly.Using high-rate GPS observations,we can readily obtain precise and high resolution displacement time series and the seismic waveforms during the earthquake.In this paper,a new algorithm is proposed for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude with the seismic waveforms derived from high-rate GPS data during the earthquake.A case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is conducted from 1 Hz GPS data and the epicenter and magnitude are determined.Compared with the results issued by the China Seismological Bureau,the estimation error of the epicenter and the magnitude is about 12 km and 0.1 magnitude unit,respectively.It has shown that high-rate GPS could be a new tool feasible for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude,independent of or combined with seismometers.     

Has climate change driven spatio-temporal changes of cropland in northern China since the 1970s?

Improving the understanding of cropland change and its driving factors is a current focus for policy decision-makers in China. The datasets of cropland and cropland changes from the 1970s to the 2000s were used to explore whether climate change has produced spatio-temporal changes to cropland in northern China since the 1970s. Two representative indicators of heat and water resources, which are important determinants of crop growth and productivity, were considered to track climate change, including active accumulated temperatures ≥10 °C (AAT10) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Our results showed that rapid cropland change has occurred in northern China since the 1970s, and the area of cropland reclamation (10.23 million ha) was much greater than that of abandoned cropland (2.94 million ha). In the 2000s, the area of cropland with AAT10 higher than 3,000 °C·d increased, while the area of cropland with an SPEI greater than 0.25 decreased compared to the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. It appears that climate warming has provided thermal conditions that have aided rapid cropland reclamation in northern China since the 1970s, and drier climatic conditions did not become a limiting factor for cropland reclamation, especially from the 1990s to the 2000s. Approximately 70 % of cropland reclamation areas were located in warmer but drier regions from the 1990s to the 2000s, and approximately 40 % of cropland abandonment occurred in warmer and wetter conditions that were suitable for agriculture during the periods from the 1970s to the 1980s and the 1990s to the 2000s. Our results suggest that climate change can be considered a driving factor of cropland change in the past several decades in northern China, in addition to socioeconomic factors.     

The pattern,evolution, and mechanism of venture capital flows in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,China

As an important innovation flow, venture capital has been examined in urban network research. However, the segmentation of capital categories and the cross-scale connection of capital remain scarcely analyzed. This study focuses on the structure and industry differentiation of venture capital flows in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA) and its cross-scale network characteristics. Based on a venture capital database covering capital amount, investment subject address information,...     

Compression behavior of MICP-treated sand with various gradations

Acta Geotechnica - One-dimensional compression tests on quartz sands treated by microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) were carried out to evaluate the effects of gradation and calcium...