内蒙古中部地区形变主要干扰的时频响应特征分析

选取内蒙古中部地区定点形变观测中受降雨、大风、气压干扰以及地震波影响的典型数据,采用S变换,对该地区形变观测中4种主要干扰信号的时频响应特征进行分析与讨论。结果表明,降雨干扰信号主要集中在低频区域,其频率先增大后减小;大风干扰表现为高频干扰,时频域能量强度与观测曲线受风扰影响变化幅度成正比;气压干扰信号的优势频率分布在低频段内;地震波影响中VP垂直摆和JCZ地震计记录的地震波较为相似,但VP垂直摆记录的频段要小于JCZ地震计,VP垂直摆主要记录的是低频地震波。同时,4种干扰信号的时频域频率、能量强度随时间变化趋势与数据观测时域变化趋势相一致。     

福建地区环境噪声特性研究

为进一步加强对福建地区噪声特性的认识以及提升台站地震观测质量,计算了2014年福建地震台网宽频带地震仪连续观测数据的功率谱概率密度函数,并分析其影响因素和不同频段时空变化特性。结果表明:人文噪声平均水平最高地区位于福建沿海福州至厦门一带,07:00—18:00的功率谱密度要明显高于其它时间段,12:00左右出现间歇性低谷期,夜间有不同程度的降低,日变化除了在春节假期大幅下降外,均处于较为稳定态势;福建地区次级微震主要成分是Rayleigh波,主频约为2.7 s,主微震主频约为16 s,次级微震平均水平最高地区也位于沿海一带,向内陆方向呈衰减趋势,其日变化明显,与台风和潮高有较高的相关性。     

降雨条件下边坡体积含水率变化规律研究

持续降雨是边坡发生失稳破坏的主要诱因之一,基于饱和—非饱和渗流理论,对梅州市大埔县某边坡的渗流场进行模拟,研究在不同降雨工况下该边坡土体体积含水率的时空变化规律。研究结果表明:相同条件下,降雨强度越大(降雨历时越长),边坡表层土体体积含水率变化越大;降雨强度60 mm/d历时1 d的暴雨对边坡表层土体体积含水率的增幅作用存在着一定的滞后性,其余工况未表现出滞后现象;降雨强度为120mm/d和300 mm/d的两种工况各研究点任意时段体积含水率较为接近;当降雨强度达到60 mm/d以上时,边坡内部体积含水率空间变化主要受降雨历时影响,降雨历时越长,降雨入渗深度和体积含水率变化越大。     

新型地震预警方法研究及预警能力分析

本文研究了一种不同于传统地震预警方法的新型预警方法。这种预警方法利用数据同化技术对实时波动场进行精确估计,然后再利用基于辐射传输理论的蒙特卡洛直接模拟法对波动能量的传播做数值模拟,并最终计算预警目标区烈度并做阈值判断发出预警警报。整个预警过程无需触发、无需定位、无需测定震级、无需利用衰减关系,较传统预警方法具有明显不同的技术手段,比较有效避免了传统地震预警方法中一系列基于经验统计规律的误差累积和单纯依靠初至P波信息在应对复杂地震时的局限性。本文选择了2011年3月11日日本M_w9.0地震和2016年2月6日台湾M_w6.7美浓地震作为预警模拟震例,分析并论证了本文预警方法在处理网外地震、网内地震以及复杂地震时的预警能力,最终得出本文预警方法在应对网内地震时具有良好的预警准确性和时效性,以及相对于传统预警方法在处理复杂地震时具有较大的优势。最后,总结并展望了本文研究工作的不足之处和有待继续研究的地方。     

Experiments on Exploration of Shallow Fine Structures and the Construction of the 1-D Velocity Model in the Pingtan Island, Fujian

112 short-period seismographs were set up in the 400km² area of Pingtan Island and its surrounding areas in Fujian. The combined observations of the airgun source and ambient noise source were carried out using a dense array to receive the 387 airgun signals excited around the island and one month of continuous ambient noise recording. The 1-D P-wave and S-wave shallow velocity model of Pingtan Island is obtained by the inversion of the airgun body wave''s first arrival time data, and the reliability of the velocity model is verified by using the surface wave phase velocity dispersion curve, which can provide initial model for subsequent 3-D imaging. The experimental results show that this experiment is a successful demonstration of local scale green non-destructive detection, which can provide basic data for shallow surface structure research and strong vibration simulation of the Pingtan Island.     

Attenuation Characteristics of Earthquake Ground Motion for Large Volume Airgun

In order to further deepen the understanding of seismic wave propagation characteristics induced by the large volume airgun source, experimental data from multiple fixed excitation points in Fujian Province were used to obtain the equivalent single excitation high signal-to-noise ratio velocity and displacement records through linear stacking and simulation techniques. Then the peak displacements of different epicentral distances were used to calculate the equivalent magnitude of the airgun source excitation at different fixed excitation points so as to establish the attenuation relationship between equivalent magnitude,epicenter distance and velocity peak. Our results show that:① Within 270 km of epicentral distance,for the large-volume airgun's single shot,the peak velocity range is about 700-4 nm/s,and the peak displacement range is about 200. 0-0. 2 nm;② The equivalent magnitude of the P-wave from the airgun source with a total capacity of 8,000 in 3 is 0. 181-0. 760,and the equivalent magnitude of the S-wave is 0. 294-0. 832. By contrast,the equivalent magnitude of the P-wave from the airgun source with a total capacity of 12,000 in 3 is 0. 533-0. 896,and the equivalent magnitude of the S-wave is 0. 611-0. 946. The S-wave energy is greater than the P-wave energy, and the excitation efficiency varies greatly with different excitation environment;③ The peak velocity increases with the equivalent magnitude,and decreases with the epicentral distance. The vertical component of the P-wave peak velocity is the largest among those three components,while the S-wave has the smallest vertical component and similar horizontal components. Hence,our research can provide an important basis for the quantitative judgment of the seismic wave propagation distance using the airgun and the design of the observation system in deep exploration or monitoring with airgun.     

Application of Avaatech X-ray fluorescence core-scanning in Sr/Ca analysis of speleothems

Application of X-ray fluorescence core-scanning(XRF-CS) on both marine and lake sediments has achieved remarkable results. However, its application has not been widely extended to the research on speleothems. In this study, we measure the Sr abundance and the Sr/Ca ratios of three stalagmites(two aragonite stalagmites, one calcite stalagmite) using the state-of-the-art fourth-generation Avaatech high-resolution XRF core scanner. Through comparisons among different scan paths and among different scan resolutions, as well as comparisons with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES), Itrax XRF, and Artax XRF results, we confirm that the Avaatech XRF core scanner could precisely, quickly, and nondestructively analyze the high-resolution Sr abundance of speleothems. Furthermore, we combine the stalagmite δ~(18)O records to explore the paleoclimatic significance of the measured stalagmite Sr/Ca.     

南极乔治王岛阿德默勒尔蒂湾火山活动时空演化

在乔治王岛中部的阿德默勒尔蒂湾 ,凯勒半岛、于尔曼山嘴和埃内坎角是第三纪火山岩集中分布区。野外地质调查和同位素年代学研究表明 ,凯勒半岛发生了三期火山喷发 (三个火山喷发旋回 ) ,同时伴随着火山活动中心的不断北移 ;在第二期火山喷发之后 ,火口塌陷 ,形成破火山 ,之后在半岛北部又发生火山喷发 ,并向东迁移到于尔曼山嘴。因此凯勒半岛是一复活破火山 ,火山活动具有随时间迁移的特性。埃内坎角火山活动虽与上述两地区大致同时 ,但化学成分上不存在明显演化关系 ,应属另一相对独立的火山活动中心     

GNSS���Թ۲�յ������о�

?????????????GNSS???????????????????????????λ???????????????????3????????????3??GNSS???????????????GNSS??????????????μ????????????????????????????????????￡??????????????????3????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ??????????????????????????????з???3.0?????????????????о??д????????????     

土-膨润土隔离墙应力状态与固结行为的现场试验研究

土-膨润土竖向隔离墙被广泛应用于污染场地治理,其服役性能受应力状态和固结变形影响较大。通过建造两段不同尺寸的土-膨润土隔离墙试验段,并利用土压力盒、孔压计、测斜管等分别对墙体现场应力状态和变形进行了为期15个月的监测,获得了土-膨润土隔离墙固结行为的基本特征。监测结果表明：墙体主固结阶段需要数月;墙体固结变形以侧向变形为主;大部分深度内总应力在前1个月显著减小,并在随后基本保持稳定,有效应力随超孔压消散而不断增加;水平应变与最大水平有效应力均与墙深呈显著正相关;然而在主固结期间,墙体底部总应力和孔压均一直减小直至等于静水压力,有效应力始终很小。根据实测墙体变形及应力分布的特点,指出在相邻土体中可能形成滑动楔形体,对填料产生整体挤压,从而对隔离墙的现场固结行为特征作出了合理解释。最后,针对土-膨润土隔离墙的设计施工提出了相关建议。