全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1999篇 |
免费 | 439篇 |
国内免费 | 518篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 219篇 |
大气科学 | 283篇 |
地球物理 | 568篇 |
地质学 | 1151篇 |
海洋学 | 233篇 |
天文学 | 78篇 |
综合类 | 232篇 |
自然地理 | 192篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 50篇 |
2022年 | 114篇 |
2021年 | 135篇 |
2020年 | 137篇 |
2019年 | 141篇 |
2018年 | 135篇 |
2017年 | 133篇 |
2016年 | 122篇 |
2015年 | 139篇 |
2014年 | 141篇 |
2013年 | 138篇 |
2012年 | 124篇 |
2011年 | 106篇 |
2010年 | 141篇 |
2009年 | 133篇 |
2008年 | 121篇 |
2007年 | 119篇 |
2006年 | 98篇 |
2005年 | 77篇 |
2004年 | 79篇 |
2003年 | 61篇 |
2002年 | 83篇 |
2001年 | 71篇 |
2000年 | 60篇 |
1999年 | 61篇 |
1998年 | 44篇 |
1997年 | 27篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2956条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
针对低轨卫星星座有待合理化设计的问题,深入研究了低轨卫星星座增强北斗三号系统定位性能。分析轨道高度、轨道倾角、星座构型对星座覆盖性能的影响,仿真北斗三号、GPS和3种不同类型的低轨星座,研究各低轨星座与北斗三号、GPS的组合系统在所选7个测站以及全球范围内的可见卫星数和PDOP值分布。结果表明低轨卫星对北斗三号的增强效果主要与低轨卫星数目有关,且不同轨道倾角的组合低轨星座有利于均衡系统在全球范围内的可见卫星数与PDOP值分布。低轨卫星有望通过改善卫星观测几何构型提高北斗三号系统的定位性能,且增强效果与低轨星座构型密切相关。 相似文献
162.
Wenkun Qie Xiang‐Dong Wang Xionghua Zhang Wenting Ji Ethan L. Grossman Xing Huang Jiangsi Liu Genming Luo 《Geological Journal》2016,51(6):915-935
To improve regional and intercontinental correlation of the uppermost Devonian–lowermost Carboniferous, we examined the conodont faunas and carbon isotopic records of the Tangbagou Formation in the Qilinzhai section, southern Guizhou, South China. The Tangbagou Formation is a succession of mixed carbonate–siliciclastic rocks that accumulated on a shallow‐water platform under normal marine conditions. Seven conodont zones for shallow‐water biofacies in South China, the Cl. gilwernensis–Cl. unicornis Zone, the Po. spicatus Zone, the Si. homosimplex Zone, the Si. sinensis Zone, the Si. eurylobata Zone, the Ps. multistriatus Zone and the Po. co. porcatus Zone in ascending order, are recognized in the Tangbagou Formation. Although apparently limited in its value for global correlation, this conodont zonation is more applicable to shallow‐water biofacies in South China. Carbonate samples have yielded carbon isotopic signatures consistent with those recorded in Euroamerica sections, in particular showing four distinct characteristics: (1) the peak values of Hangenberg Carbon Isotope Excursion (HICE) during the latest Devonian, (2) a minor positive shift (P1) in the Si. homosimplex Zone during the early Tournaisian, (3) a second minor positive shift (P2) in the Si. sinensis Zone and (4) the middle Tournaisian Carbon Isotope Excursion (TICE) in the middle part of the Tangbagou Formation. The similarity in peak values (~5.5‰) and magnitude of TICE for the Qilinzhai and Belgian sections indicates that the Euro‐asia δ13Ccarb trends may reflect the changes in global mean ocean δ13CDIC, rather than having been overprinted by local carbon cycling. Integration of conodont biostratigraphy and δ13C stratigraphy provides a powerful tool for stratigraphic correlation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
163.
利用人机交互方式定义气象指数计算公式,设计了西藏地区常用气象指数计算系统。该系统在统一的操作界面上定义和读取输入气象数据,包括数值预报、实况数据、预报产品等数据及站号、经度、纬度和时间信息,将相应的数据以浮点数代入公式,并支持加、减、乘、除、乘方等数学运算符,三角对数、绝对值等数学函数,且、或、否等逻辑函数,≥、>、≤、<、=等判断运算符及自定义的分段函数,能够完成多项气象指数的计算,数据均以通用的MICPAS格式交互存储,在统一的平台上管理气象指数及产品制作,无需预报和服务人员编程即可实现新的气象指数。 相似文献
164.
165.
作为大气中最重要的含氮有机化合物,有机胺易与硫酸、硝酸气体生成胺盐,促进新颗粒的形成,同时也可与臭氧、OH自由基、NO3自由基发生氧化反应,是二次气溶胶的前体物.综述了国内外关于大气有机胺检测技术的研究进展,对常规的离线检测技术和在线质谱技术进行了介绍和对比,重点介绍了质谱法工作原理以及测定大气有机胺的优越性,并对其未来发展进行了展望. 相似文献
166.
To restore China’s degraded ecological environment, the government has launched an environmental restoration project named
the “Grain for Green Project” (GGP) in 1999. From 1999 to 2010, the government will spend 40 billion dollars to convert 147
million ha of croplands and 173 million ha of wastelands into forestlands and grasslands in 25 provinces, municipalities and
autonomous regions. A primary goal is to replace cropping and livestock grazing in fragile areas with trees and grass. Given
the tremendous scale and great number of participants in the project, the attitudes of the affected farmers and the future
development in the area where GGP is implemented have a direct influence on the success of the project. To gain a clear idea
about the farmers’ attitudes towards the project and put forward the development models for the forestlands converted from
croplands, two case sites in the mountain-gorge region in Nujiang River are selected as the study areas, and the methods of
field survey and semi-structured interview are adopted to make interviews with more than 100 households in 2002 and 2003 in
order to quantify the farmers’ opinions about the GGP and how it has affected their livelihood, socio-cultural and industrial
structures, etc. The results are as follows: 1) the project has a certain influence on the farmers with better economic basis
and exerts greater influence on the farmers living in the low-elevation regions than on those living in the regions with middle-high
elevation; 2) the production models of the local farmers has changed from cultivation and animal husbandry to forestry and
sidelines due to the project and the income structure has changed from animal husbandry as main income source to state subsidy
and sideline as main income sources; 3) the reduction in the grain income and decrease in the quantity of livestock because
of the project have led to the diminution in the total income of the farmers; 4) the project has resulted in changes in the
lifestyles and architecture styles of the local farmers, and the traditional “huotang” culture has gone away after the implementation
of the project; 5) energy utilization has changed from firewood to methane and electricity in the wake of the implementation
of the project. The above-mentioned study results have indicated that the GGP has truly exerted influence on the livelihood
and production of the local farmers. Therefore, it is very necessary to make a research into the development models in the
forestlands converted from croplands to resolve the problems of the farmers’ livelihood and production. The study results
will provide some references for the sustainable development of the mountain-gorge regions. 相似文献
167.
Although explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) promises considerable progress in glassboxing deep learning models, there are challenges in applying XAI to geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI), specifically geospatial deep neural networks (DNNs). We summarize these as three major challenges, related generally to XAI computation, to GeoAI and geographic data handling, and to geosocial issues. XAI computation includes the difficulty of selecting reference data/models and the shortcomings of attributing explanatory power to gradients, as well as the difficulty in accommodating geographic scale, geovisualization, and underlying geographic data structures. Geosocial challenges encompass the limitations of knowledge scope—semantics and ontologies—in the explanation of GeoAI as well as the lack of integrating non-technical aspects in XAI, including processes that are not amenable to XAI. We illustrate these issues with a land use classification case study. 相似文献
168.
分析了鄂尔多斯盆地子北地区延长组长6段油层构造特征、沉积相分布及砂体展布特征,从烃源岩、储层、盖层等方面对长6段油藏成藏条件进行了探讨,并就油藏类型、主控因素及成藏期次进行了讨论。结果表明:子北地区长6段油藏具有较好的生、储、盖配置关系,主要受沉积微相及储层物性控制;长6段油气主要储存在长61、62、63段河道砂体内,油藏类型主要为岩性圈闭;长6段油藏主控因素有主分流河道、储层物性及其非均质性、原油分布;长6段油层中,油气包裹体均一温度分布呈双峰状,主要在100℃~110℃和130℃~140℃;利用热演化史与流体包裹体均一温度法对油气成藏期次进行判断,长7段烃源岩生成的油气在早白垩世运移并大量聚集至长6段油层组,形成长6段油藏。 相似文献
169.
2009年4月利用植株枚订移植法在山东荣成天鹅湖海域开展大叶藻植株移植,于5~10月监测移植大叶藻植株的存活率,并逐月采集自然和移植大叶藻植株,比较了植株生长、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量的变化,分析了移植操作胁迫对大叶藻存活、生长、叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量的影响。结果显示,移植后1~2个月,移植植株的平均成活率较高,至移植后4个月,平均成活率降至57.8%,之后保持稳定。移植后6个月内,叶长移植植株均极显著低于自然植株;根长和茎节长在移植后1个月时移植植株显著低于自然植株,移植2个月后与自然植株无明显差异,甚至显著高于自然植株;叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量在移植后1个月时移植植株显著低于自然植株,移植2个月后则与天然植株无明显不同,甚至显著高于自然植株,但10月份移植植株的叶绿素含量明显下降。结果表明,移植操作对大叶藻植株的地上部分产生了严重的胁迫作用和较长的胁迫时间,而移植植株的地下部分及叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素在经过短期胁迫后,能够通过自身的补偿机制分别实现快速生长和显著增加,从而利于植株的扎根、固着和提高植株的光合作用能力。 相似文献
170.
ˮ���ǡ���ֱ�ڼ�ˮƽ�ڸ�Ƶ�μ�¼���ݲ���ĶԱ� 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
????峱???????????????????沨??????????????????????????б???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????峱??????????????????????£???????????????沨?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????μ??????????????????????μ???? 相似文献