南海北部古河流演变对欧亚大陆东南缘早新生代古地理再造的启示

欧亚大陆东南缘早新生代古地理演变包含了华南沿海中生代山脉的逐步消减与南海的逐步扩张形成等重大事件。南海北部始新统—下中新统“源-汇”路径研究发现,南海沉积物物源在该时期发生了巨大改变。在始新世和早渐新世,源自南海西部古隆起的“昆—莺—琼”河流系统向南海东部地区输送了大量沉积物,包括珠二坳陷在内的南海北部南侧大部分地区受南海西部物源的控制,仅在珠一坳陷接受来自华南大陆珠江的沉积物;晚渐新世,南海西部物源逐步被北部珠江物源取代;到早中新世,珠江来源沉积物全面越过番禺低凸起进入珠二坳陷,大量来自华南内陆的沉积物被珠江运输至南海盆地,“昆—莺—琼”古河流进一步萎缩,仅在南海西部琼东南盆地分布,并且由西向东沉积物源区昆嵩地块逐渐被海南岛取代。南海西部自晚中新世以来发育的中央峡谷正是该古河流的残余。南海新生代早期“昆—莺—琼”河流系统的发现及珠江演变过程的构建,对于深刻认识该地区新生代早期古地理特征、整个欧亚大陆东南缘的古地貌重建以及盆地的油气勘探均具有重要意义。     

Evaluating the severity of building fires with the analytical hierarchy process,big data analysis,and remote sensing

Natural Hazards - This study assessed the severity of building fires in 17 villages that comprise Taishan District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. A literature review was performed to discuss the impact...     

Analytical exploration of γ-function explicit method for pseudodynamic testing of nonlinear systems

It has been well studied that the γ-function explicit method can be effective in providing favorable numerical dissipation for linear elastic systems. However, its performance for nonlinear systems is unclear due to a lack of analytical evaluation techniques. Thus, a novel technique is proposed herein to evaluate its efficiency for application to nonlinear systems by introducing two parameters to describe the stiffness change. As a result, the numerical properties and error propagation characteristics of the γ-function explicit method for the pseudodynamic testing of a nonlinear system are analytically assessed. It is found that the upper stability limit decreases as the step degree of nonlinearity increases; and it increases as the current degree of nonlinearity increases. It is also shown that this integration method provides favorable numerical dissipation not only for linear elastic systems but also for nonlinear systems. Furthermore, error propagation analysis reveals that the numerical dissipation can effectively suppress the severe error propagation of high frequency modes while the low frequency responses are almost unaffected for both linear elastic and nonlinear systems.     

Provenance analysis of the Upper Miocene turbidite sand-bodies in deep-sea basin of northern South China Sea

The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 367/368 reported massive Upper Miocene deep-sea turbidite in the northern South China Sea basin. The Upper Miocene turbidite sand-bodies at Site U1500 were examined with detrital zircon U-Pb dating to conduct the source-to-sink analysis. This study shows that the U-Pb age spectrums of Site U1500 sample are similar to those detrital zircons from the Miocene Qiongdongnan Basin and the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot also shows that the turbidite sand-bodies at Site U1500 are closely related to the sediments in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and Qiongdongnan Basin. It is likely that the thick deep-sea turbidite succession in the deep-water basin of northern South China Sea was formed by a mixed provenance pattern during the late Miocene. On the one hand, terrigenous sediments from the west of the South China Sea were transported along the Central Canyon to the eastern South China Sea deep-sea basin in the form of turbidity current. On the other hand, terrigenous sediments were also transported from the Pearl River through the slope canyon system to the northern South China Sea in the form of gravity flow . Those mixed sediments from two different source areas have collectively deposited at the deep-sea basin and thus, give rise to turbidite sequence of hundred meters. Provenance analysis of the thick turbidites sand-bodies in the deep-sea basin is of great significance to the profound understanding of the tectonic evolution, filling processes, provenance evolution, and the palaeogeographic characteristics of the Cenozoic basins of the South China Sea.     

Water storage loss in central and south Asia from GRACE satellite gravity: correlations with climate data

Recent decrease of water supply in central Asia and south Asia affects billions of people here. By filtering the errors at higher frequency components and correcting for the contaminated components, we enhance the monthly GRACE gravity fields to improve the determination of change in equivalent water height (EWH). The water storage changes from GRACE and the GLDAS hydrology model all show decreasing trends in this region. At the annual and inter-annual time scales, significant correlations between the variations in EWH and the variations in temperature, precipitation and snow equivalent height are found, especially at high altitude stations, suggesting that climate change is the driving factor for the water depletion in central Asia and south Asia.     

南海南部上白垩统—始新统Rajang群浊流沉积物源-汇对比分析*

南海南部新生代沉积中发育有大型三角洲、下切水道、深水浊积扇等油气有利勘探带,油气资源丰富,勘探前景广阔。其中,位于中央婆罗洲、形成于上白垩统—始新统的Rajang群由一套巨厚的深海浊积扇组成,时间跨度达30 Ma,属世界著名的古海底扇之一。由于缺乏系统的源-汇对比研究工作,对其沉积物来源及沉积充填过程认识不清,影响到该时期盆地油气资源的勘探研究。通过岩石学、重矿物和碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱系综合分析,对Rajang群沉积物及其潜在源区进行系统源-汇对比研究。结果发现,Rajang群主要受南海北部岩浆岩局部隆起区和中南半岛物源控制,沉积物来自南海北部地区。在始新世晚期,由于沙捞越俯冲造山运动,Rajang群沉积物发生强烈变形和隆升,主要出露于中央婆罗洲及近海曾母盆地。由于Rajang扇中的深海泥质夹层多、砂层相对较薄,无法形成有利储集体。但是,在曾母盆地北侧及其偏北的北康—南薇西盆地一带应该发育有同时代较好的浅水储集体,是该区油气勘探的潜在方向。     

渝东南渝页1井下志留统龙马溪组页岩孔隙特征及其主控因素

富有机质黑色页岩的孔隙结构控制了页岩气的赋存状态和储气量。中国南方地区下志留统是页岩气发育的最重要层位之一。为研究页岩的孔隙特征及其主控因素,对以下志留统龙马溪组页岩气为勘探目标的渝页1井的岩心进行系统的采样,并进行了比表面和孔径、有机质成熟度(Ro)、显微组分、总有机碳(TOC)含量、全岩X射线衍射和粘土矿物含量等一系列分析测试。结果显示,黑色页岩的孔径主要分布于2~5 nm,即以中孔隙为主;中孔体积占总体积的70%左右,微孔体积和宏孔体积分别占10%和20%左右。页岩孔隙结构(微孔体积、中孔体积和宏孔体积)和组成(碎屑矿物成分、粘土矿物成分、TOC和Ro)的相关关系分析表明：粘土矿物对微孔体积和中孔体积都具有控制作用,并且对中孔体积的控制作用更加显著;陆源碎屑含量的增加有利于宏孔体积的增加;有机质成熟度较高时和高成熟度有机碳含量都与宏孔隙体积呈正相关,这可能与高成熟有机质中nm级显微裂缝的发育导致宏孔体积增加有关。     

光致原子解吸附对冷原子磁光阱装载的动力学研究

在获得光致原子解吸附(light-induced atom desorption,LIAD)效应的基础上,从理论和实验方面分析了LIAD对铯原子磁光阱装载的动力学过程的影响,特别是背景原子对磁光阱的影响.通过实验获得了不同光强和照射时间下关闭解吸附光后磁光阱中铯原子的衰减过程,理论模型定量地描述了背景铯原子造成压强的变化及其对最终平衡态下真空度的影响.该研究对中性原子的长时间俘获,有效控制磁光阱中原子的装载过程具有重要意义.