Neotectonics and the Upper Mantle Structure of Central Asia

Geotectonics - Studies carried out by the authors show that the uplift of Central Asia situated between the eastern Alpine–Himalayan and western Altai–Stanovoy orogenic belts formed in...     

2010—2020年黄河下游河南典型灌区浅层地下水中砷和氟的演化特征及变化机制

黄河下游典型灌区河南段是豫北平原重要的农业种植区。该地区浅层水质整体较差,因常用于作物灌溉或家畜饮用,会对人体健康产生风险,因此对该地区地下水中砷与氟浓度变化特征和机制的研究将有助于提高对该地区地下水污染的认识水平。本文基于2010年和2020年在灌区范围内采集的327组浅层地下水样品,研究区内地下水砷和氟分布情况,并在此基础上对比研究十年间灌区浅层地下水中砷、氟的演化特征,探索分析砷与氟浓度及空间变化机制。研究结果表明：该地区浅层地下水中存在砷与氟超标问题,2020年浅层地下水中高砷（砷浓度大于10μg/L）和高氟（氟浓度大于1mg/L）的样品数量分别占总数的26.1%和26.06%。高砷水分布在太行山前洼地与黄河冲积平原等泥沙互层结构的沉积环境中,还原性较强,同时地下水径流不畅,较强的阳离子交换作用使得其所处环境中Ca²⁺浓度较高。近十年间砷浓度增加的水样占总数31.8%,砷浓度减少的水样占36.7%。砷浓度的增长（减少）是地下水还原性增强（减弱）使得锰氧化物溶解释放（吸附）导致。近十年间不同地区农业灌溉和水源置换等用水方式导致水位变化是引起砷浓度变化的潜在因素。高氟水主要分布在河南新乡与濮阳的黄河沿线,氟离子浓度受到沉积物中萤石等钙质矿物溶解影响,使得高氟地下水出现在低钙环境中。近十年间研究区中氟离子浓度减少的占总数60.2%,氟离子浓度增加的占32.1%,整体变化趋势向好,但是高氟区中氟离子浓度继续增加。氟浓度的变化同样受到Ca²⁺变化影响,在Ca²⁺浓度降低（升高）时氟浓度进一步升高（降低）。地下水中氟升高地区分布在黄河沿线,因此受到黄河水补给影响较大,地下水径流条件较好,阳离子交换作用减弱,使得Ca²⁺浓度降低,此时地下水中砷浓度受到环境影响而降低,因此研究区氟增加地区中砷与氟的分布和演化呈现反向关系。     

Assessment of regional drought vulnerability and risk using principal component analysis and a Gaussian mixture model

Due to the complex characteristics of drought, drought risk needs to be quantified by combining drought vulnerability and drought hazard. Recently, the major focus in drought vulnerability has been on how to calculate the weights of indicators to comprehensively quantify drought risk. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA), a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), and the equal-weighting method (EWM) were applied to objectively determine the weights for drought vulnerability assessment in Chungcheong Province, located in the west-central part of South Korea. The PCA provided larger weights for agricultural and industrial factors, whereas the GMM computed larger weights for agricultural factors than did the EWM. The drought risk was assessed by combining the drought vulnerability index (DVI) and the drought hazard index (DHI). Based on the DVI, the most vulnerable region was CCN9 in the northwestern part of the province, whereas the most drought-prone region based on the DHI was CCN12 in the southwest. Considering both DVI and DHI, the regions with the highest risk were CCN12 and CCN10 in the southern part of the province. Using the proposed PCA and GMM, we validated drought vulnerability using objective weighting methods and assessed comprehensive drought risk considering both meteorological hazard and socioeconomic vulnerability.

     

Comprehensive analysis control effect of faults on the height of fractured water-conducting zone in longwall mining

Natural Hazards - In order to examine the height of a fractured water-conducting zone due to the presence of a fault, a typical working face in the Baodian Coal Mine which is located in the Yanzhou...     

Physical Model Tests on the Effect of Anchoring on the Splitting Failure of Deep Large-Scale Underground Rock Cavern

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - A set of splitting cracks often occur in the high side wall of the deep underground hydropower station due to the excavation-induced unloading during the...     

New Systematic Method to Determine Elastic Constants and Crack Propagation Thresholds of Brittle Rocks Under Triaxial Compression

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Elastic constants and crack propagation stress thresholds of brittle rocks are important mechanical properties for engineering applications. However, these...     

Destressing Mechanics Effect of Surrounding Rock Induced by Blasting Precondition at Deep Drift Development

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Using a detailed modeling simulation technology, a mechanics simulation model was constructed, including multiple development rounds, stress relief holes...     

Simulation Study on Electromagnetic Response Characteristics of Unfavorable Geological Body Under Complex Conditions

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The second phase of the Chongqing Rail Transit Line project has poor rock and soil stability, slow construction progress, complex and variable geological...     

祁连山区多年冻土空间分布模拟

祁连山区位于青藏高原东北边缘,是亚洲水塔重要的组成部分,多年冻土的变化对生态系统和水资源平衡有着重要影响。基于青藏高原第二次综合科学考察、道路勘察钻孔点以及前人所获得的多年冻土下界资料,回归得出祁连山区多年冻土下界统计模型,借助ArcGIS平台在DEM数据的支持下,模拟出祁连山区多年冻土空间分布图。结果表明：祁连山区多年冻土分布的下界具有良好的地带性规律,表现为随经纬度增加而降低的规律;祁连山区多年冻土在空间分布上呈现出以哈拉湖为中心向四周扩散的分布格局;祁连山区总面积约为16.90×10⁴ km²,其中多年冻土面积约为8.03×10⁴ km²,占总面积约47.51%。多年冻土区与季节冻土区之间存在着有不连续多年冻土分布的过渡区,过渡区面积约1.43×10⁴ km²,占总面积约8.46%。     

四川盆地二叠纪栖霞—茅口期古地理格局转换及勘探启示

层序岩相古地理的重建工作对认识盆地的构造—沉积演化、沉积建造时空分布和油气勘探具有重要意义。特殊的构造位置和演化历史造就了四川盆地二叠纪的构造—沉积分异的复杂性。前人对四川盆地二叠纪的原始地理格局认识差异较大,一定程度上制约了栖霞—茅口组有利勘探相带的预测。在综合油气勘探地震、钻井及盆地周缘的露头剖面资料上,通过沉积旋回和层序界面的识别,将栖霞组划分为SQ1和SQ2两个三级层序,茅口组划分为SQ3—SQ5三个三级层序;基于沉积相标志和地层层序的宏观分布特征,重建了四川盆地栖霞—茅口期各层序的岩相古地理。结果表明:岩相古地理相带宏观展布揭示了盆地构造形迹由栖霞期的北东向转变为茅口期的北西向;构造—沉积格局由栖霞期准稳定背景的“隆—坳”分异向茅口期非稳定背景的“台—槽”分异转换;准稳定期的栖霞组有利勘探相带以相对平坦地貌的水下微幅隆起控制为主,呈现出“一带一环”的白云岩浅滩分布,非稳定期的茅口组则在区域张裂构造背景及同沉积正断裂活动的影响下,有利勘探相带受“一槽一半岛”的控制;栖霞—茅口期的台地边缘性质是先成浅水地貌成因的边缘,有利勘探区主要分布在边缘内侧的岸后云质浅滩相带,不同于礁滩沉积铸造的有利勘探相带为滨岸高能礁滩体的镶边台地边缘。