A comparative analysis of the NDVIg and NDVI3g in monitoring vegetation phenology changes in the Northern Hemisphere

Phenology is a sensitive and critical feature of vegetation and is a good indicator for climate change studies. The global inventory modelling and mapping studies (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has been the most widely used data source for monitoring of the vegetation dynamics over large geographical areas in the past two decades. With the release of the third version of the NDVI (GIMMS NDVI3g) recently, it is important to compare the NDVI3g data with those of the previous version (NDVIg) to link existing studies with future applications of the NDVI3g in monitoring vegetation phenology. In this study, the three most popular satellite start of vegetation growing season (SOS) extraction methods were used, and the differences between SOSg and SOS3g arising from the methods were explored. The amplitude and the peak values of the NDVI3g are higher than those of the NDVIg curve, which indicated that the SOS derived from the NDVIg (SOSg) was significantly later than that derived from the NDVI3g (SOS3g) based on all the methods, for the whole northern hemisphere. In addition, SOSg and SOS3g both showed an advancing trend during 1982–2006, but that trend was more significant with SOSg than with SOS3g in the results from all three methods. In summary, the difference between SOSg and SOS3g (in the multi-year mean SOS, SOS change slope and the turning point in the time series) varied among the methods and was partly related to latitude. For the multi-year mean SOS, the difference increased with latitude intervals in the low latitudes (0–30°N) and decreased in the mid- and high-latitude intervals. The GIMMS NDVI3g data-sets seemed more sensitive than the GIMMS NDVIg in detecting information about the ground, and the SOS3g data were better correlated both with the in situ observations and the SOS derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI. For the northern hemisphere, previous satellite measures (SOS derived from GIMMS NDVIg) may have overestimated the advancing trend of the SOS by an average of 0.032 d yr^–1.     

基于样条函数的海岸带变化监测影像局部配准优势分析

海岸带变化监测以遥感影像为矢量更新依据。在实际应用中,由于数据源复杂,全色影像与底图套合、多光谱影像与全色配准容易出现局部超限,为项目生产带来一定的难度。本文主要介绍利用样条函数进行影像的局部配准以满足项目精度要求。     

豫西汝阳群、洛峪群碎屑锆石年代学特征及其地质意义

华北克拉通南缘"豫陕裂陷槽"发育大量中—新元古代地层,其中汝阳群和洛峪群分布于渑池—确山地层小区,其形成时代一直存有争议.本文针对汝阳群和洛峪群沉积岩进行了系统的碎屑锆石年代学研究工作,结合地层发育和岩石组合分析,为建立华北克拉通南缘中—新元古代地层框架提供依据.根据云梦山组下部碎屑锆石中获得年轻锆石年龄平均值1723.6 Ma,结合前人从洛峪群凝灰岩夹层中获得的年代学资料(1611±8 Ma、1640±16 Ma、1638±9 Ma、1634±10 Ma),将汝阳群-洛峪群的沉积时限限定在1720～1600 Ma之间.本文所采集的云梦山组、白草坪组和崔庄组样品中碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄分别在2657～1739 Ma、2712～1780 Ma和2654～1819 Ma之间,说明三个组沉积物质主要来源于古元古代地质体,部分为新太古代地质体.鲁山地区发育的新太古代—古元古代的太华杂岩,登封地区发育的新太古代登封群以及古元古代嵩山群和花岗质岩石等,均可为中—新元古代沉积岩提供物源.豫西地区汝阳群-洛峪群碎屑锆石中～2.7 Ga、～2.5 Ga、2.1～2.0 Ga和1.85～1.8 Ga的年龄谱峰值分别对应华北克拉通早前寒武纪发生地壳生长、克拉通化、裂谷和造山等重要地质事件.越来越多资料显示华北克拉通在2.2～2.0Ga时期存在强烈的岩浆活动,豫西地区～2.1 Ga的岩浆作用也逐渐被识别出来.     

Enrichment Patterns and New Discovery of Deep Lacustrine Shale Oil in the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin,NE China

正Objective The Songliao Basin is located in northeastern China. The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(Fm.)(K2 qn), Yaojia Fm.(K2 y), and Nenjiang Fm.(K2 n) were deposited in its depression. The sediments are mainly continental clastic rocks. The first member of the Qingshankou Fm.(K2 qn1) in the southern Songliao Basin mainly comprises semi-deep to deep lacustrine shale of large thickness, generally 30,100 m, with wide distribution; the thickness of the shale has an average thickness of 70 m.     

Upwelling of Deep-seated Fluid in the Sikhote-Alin Region,Far East of the Eurasian Plate

Aquatic Geochemistry - Spring waters with high-pCO2 content are widely distributed in the Sikhote-Alin region in Russia. Mukhen spa is one such spring located in the northern Sikhote-Alin region....     

Compression behavior of MICP-treated sand with various gradations

Acta Geotechnica - One-dimensional compression tests on quartz sands treated by microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) were carried out to evaluate the effects of gradation and calcium...     

Homogeneity and mechanical behaviors of sands improved by a temperature-controlled one-phase MICP method

Acta Geotechnica - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been actively investigated as a promising method to improve soil properties. A burning issue impeding its wide application...     

单多普勒雷达反演涡旋风场方法分析

由于单雷达在探测台风临近、登陆时仍具有双部或多部雷达难以具备的优势,目前利用单多普勒雷达反演涡旋风场的方法并不多见,本文对能够反演涡旋风场的3种方法NIVAP(自然坐标系的积分VAP方法)、EVAPTC(反演热带气旋的EVAP方法)、GBVTD(地基速度追踪法)进行了比较,分别从每种方法的假设条件和数学方法以及结果精度来比较3种方法对涡旋风场的适用性。利用中尺度气旋Rankine模式模拟了纯涡旋性气旋、只有环境风场时、环境风场和辐合(辐散)同时存在时的径向速度场及风场,比较了各种情况下的反演风场和模拟风场的相似系数。在对模拟风场比较之后,选取了2014年"威马逊"台风登陆前1h、登陆时及登陆后1h的3个实测雷达资料,对比分析了3种方法反演实测资料的风场特征,3种方法中EVAPTC方法最好,GBVTD方法在应用中有一定的限制,NIVAP方法较差。     

一次拖曳型飑线过程雨滴谱演变特征研究

利用Thies激光雨滴谱仪观测资料和CINRAD/SA多普勒雷达观测资料,分析了2017年7月18日一次典型中纬度拖曳型飑线过程不同发展阶段雨滴谱和积分参数的演变特征,主要结果为：1）成熟飑线回波包括对流带、过渡区和拖曳层状云区三部分,对流带前侧不断有对流带生成并合并到主对流带中,使得对流带的前沿具有强的反射率因子,并且有多个雨强大值中心。2）垂直穿过飑线对流带,雨强增加阶段有较少的小粒子（直径小于1 mm）和特大粒子（直径大于5 mm）,以及较低的雨滴浓度和反射率因子,而雨强减弱阶段有较多的小粒子和特大粒子,以及较高的雨滴浓度和反射率因子;飑线加强阶段,雨滴谱有较大的峰值直径（0.44 mm）、较多的大（直径大于3 mm）和特大粒子,而飑线减弱阶段,雨滴谱有较小的峰值直径（0.19 mm）、较少的大粒子。3）对流带、过渡区和层状云降水雨滴谱的Gamma谱三参数N0、μ、λ随雨强增大有明显的分层特征,相同雨强时,对流云和过渡区降水的三参数比层状云降水的数值大;而飑线不同发展阶段、不同降水类型的λ-μ关系具有一致性,二次多项式可以很好地拟合λ-μ关系。4）归一化雨滴谱参数NW和D0的分布可以用来区分对流云和层状云降水,并给出了新的分离线方程;另外,飑线在发展和减弱阶段的雨滴谱特征有明显差异,表明飑线演变过程降水形成的微物理机制发生变化,前期冷云过程有重要影响,而后期暖云过程起主导作用。     

Southwestward intrusion of korea strait bottom cold water observed in 2003 and 2004

Hydrographic surveys were carried out four times in the western channel of the Korea Strait in March and August 2003 and in June and November 2004. The bottom cold water, which was lower than 10°C, appeared in the channel trough except in March 2003. It flowed southwestward along the shelf of Korean coasts in August 2003 and in November 2004. The width and the maximum speed of the intrusion current were about 20 km and approximately 25 cm s^-1, respectively, off Ulsan, Korea. The volume transport of the bottom cold water was estimated 0.019 Sv (Sv≡10⁶ m³ s^-1) in August 2003 and 0.026 Sv in November 2004.