Regional meteorological patterns for heavy pollution events in Beijing

The present study investigates meteorological conditions for the day-to-day changes of particulate matter (PM) concentration in Beijing city during the period 2008–2015. The local relationship of PM concentration to surface air temperature, pressure, wind speed, and relative humidity displays seasonal changes and year-to-year variations. The average correlation coefficient with PM₁₀ in spring, summer, fall, and winter is 0.45, 0.40, 0.38, and 0.30 for air temperature; –0.45, –0.05, –0.40, and –0.45 for pressure; 0.13, 0.04, 0.53, and 0.50 for relative humidity; and –0.18, –0.11, –0.45, and –0.33 for wind speed. A higher correlation with wind speed is obtained when wind speed leads by half a day. The heavily polluted and clean days, which are defined as the top and bottom 10% of the PM values, show obvious differences in the regional distribution of air temperature, pressure, and wind. Polluted days correspond to higher air temperature in all the four seasons, lower sea level pressure and anomalous southerly winds to the south and east of Beijing in spring, fall, and winter, and a northwest–southeast contrast in the pressure anomaly and anomalous southerly winds in summer. Higher relative humidity is observed on polluted days in fall and winter. The polluted days are preceded by an anomalous cyclone moving from the northwest, accompanied by lower pressure and higher air temperature, in all four seasons. This feature indicates the impacts of moving weather systems on local meteorological conditions for day-to-day air quality changes in Beijing.     

如何将地理信息应用到测绘中

地理信息系统(GIS)是对信息数据进行收集、汇总以及处理的一种重要方式。随着互联网技术与计算机技术水平的飞速提升,加之社会发展及人们生活、生产需求的逐步扩大,推动了GIS技术的进步与完善,实际应用范围和领域在逐步扩大。就测绘工作而言,将GIS技术应用到其中,不仅可以保证测绘工作的精准度,还可以为信息技术系统建设奠定基础。本文主要研究了地理信息系统的概念,探讨了该系统的优势和特点,并分析了在测绘过程中地理信息系统的实际应用,目的在于提高测绘质量。     

FY 3B 1级数据质量保障技术研究

极轨气象卫星1级遥感数据是遥感信息定量应用的基础,了解影响1级遥感数据完整性和时效性的异常现象并在最短时间内进行问题的定位和处理,可以在最大程度上保障该数据的质量。以FY-3B卫星为研究对象,根据国家卫星气象中心多年积累的运行经验,对FY-3B1级数据的质量问题进行了分类,然后从问题现象、问题原因的快速定位和处理方法等方面对1级数据的质量保障技术进行了研究。最后基于研究结果提出了地面应用系统的改进建议,从而进一步提高1级数据的质量。     

河西走廊黑河口断层上的古地震及年代研究

本文从活断层地貌,断层作用的相关沉积特征,断层面物质受地震作用以后的物理变化等方面讨论了黑河口断层晚第四纪以来发生的古地震期次。并用钙土壤、地貌陡坎演化等相对年代方法,结合一些实验室样品年代,确定古地震发生的年代。结果表明:黑河口断层晚第四纪以来发生过四次古地震事件,一次发生在距今约25000年,另三次发生在距今13000、10500和8500年左右,为不均等间隔。本文还为干旱、半干旱区相对年代方法提供了区域“经验”关系     

机载遥感直接对地定位的误差分析和精度估计

利用ＧＰＳ、姿态测量装置、扫描激光测距及同步的遥感器组成的机载遥感三维信息获取系统是新型的空地直接对地定位遥感系统,由于各种误差的存在而最终影响到三维定位结果。本文简要说明了空地直接对地定位的基本原理、重点分析了各个误差项及其对定位结果的影响,并进行了误差传播和精度估计,取得了重要的结论。     

基于GPS、姿态和激光测距的三维遥感直接对地定位

传统的遥感对地定位是依据野外测设（或地图上量取）地面控制点采用立体像对或空间变换等原理进行的,而三维遥感直接对地定位采用了ＧＰＳ定位技术,姿态测量系统和扫描激光测距技术来直接对同步获取的遥感数据进行三维定位,能够实时（准实时）地得到地面点的三维位置和遥感信息,它具有快速实时（准实时）且无需地面控制,是遥感对地定位的重大突破。     

大别山高压-超高压变质期后伸展构造格局

大别山高压、超高压变质期后构造格架的最显著特征是以罗田片麻岩穹隆为核部的多层伸展拆离滑脱带的发育,并由它们将超高压变质单元、高压变质单元和蓝闪－绿片岩单元分隔成垂向叠置的席状岩片,类似于变质核杂岩的基本结构样式。这种伸展构造格架制约了高压、超高压岩石的展布,而在较大榴辉岩体中保存的缩短或挤压组构则是以高压、超高压变质作用为标志的陆－陆碰撞事件的记录。正确地区分挤压组构与伸展组构是识别大别山带内高压     

非静力平衡模式的中尺度非均匀初始场试验和锋面模拟

用非静力平衡二维中β－γ尺度大气模式,选取１９８７年欧洲的一次冷锋过程为个例,以法国的静力平衡模式的模拟结果为初始场,选用５ｋｍ,２５ｋｍ,４５ｋｍ３种水平格距进行了水平范围为２０００ｋｍ的模拟,结果表明：（１）中尺度非静力平衡模式应用非均匀初始场,而不加人为的初始扰动是可行的;（２）扰动量的初始场中π′的精度要求很高,应严格符合静力平衡条件,否则就会产生严重误差,甚至在一个时步内改变垂直速度;（３）５ｋｍ,２５ｋｍ,４５ｋｍ３种格距的对比模拟表明,５ｋｍ格距的非静力平衡模式能模拟出锋面上的多个中β尺度对流,且垂直速度场分布与实际最接近,而后两种格距只能模拟出锋面上的大范围上升区,不能细致地描述锋面对流结构。     

Decompression-metamorphism of Dabie Complex and rapid tectonic-uplift from deep level of the orogenic belt

The Dabie Complex can be divided into two metamorphic facies belts, granulite facies and amphibolite facies. Growth zoning in the inner segments of garnets is well preserved in the granulite belt. By contrast, garnets in the amphibolite belt have no composition variations in the inner segments, but show growth zoning in the outer segments. This may imply different incipient metamorphic history for the two metamorphic belts. However, both reaction textures and composition trends that reflect the decompression process are commonly in both of the two belts. Pressure decreased about 0.70 and 0. 85 GPa for the granulite and the amphibolite belts, respectively, estimated from mineral thermobarometers. The metamorphicP-T paths are characteristic of collision and subduction, implying that the Dabie Complex underwent rapid subsidence and rapid tectonic uplift. Uplift of the ultrahigh pressure eclogites in the region could also be related to the process.     

垂直形变速率梯度图的编绘

应用地壳形变资料观测未来强震的基本经验之一是：地震容易发生在变形高梯度带上,文中归纳并提出了具体计算和编绘“地壳垂直形谱速率梯度图”的方法,主要有网格法、函数拟合法及图解法。讨论了３种方法的特点和适用场合,并给出了用图解法编绘的“全图垂直形变速率梯度图！薄?