Internal motions of HII regions and giant HII regions

We report new echelle observations of the kinematics of 30 HII regions in the LMC, including the 30 Doradus giant HII region. All of the HII regions possess supersonic velocity dispersions, which can be attributed to a combination of turbulent motions and discrete velocity splitting produced by stellar winds and/or embedded supernova remnants (SNRs). The core of 30 Dor is unique, with a complex velocity structure that parallels its chaotic optical morphology. We use our calibrated echelle data to measure the physical properties and energetic requirements of these velocity structures. The most spectacular structures in 30 Dor are several fast expanding shells, which appear to be produced at least partially by SNRs.     

关于时钟不同步的讨论

“同时”的相对性是爱因斯坦狭义相对论中一个非常重要的概念。本文用洛仑兹变换式对＂同时＂的相对性作出数学表达，以阐发不同惯性系中时钟不同步的意义，并由此来讨论钟慢效应和尺缩效应的相对性。     

太阳活动区速度场的测量及其可靠性

本文介绍了暗条、耀斑、后环等各种客体通常使用的速度测量方法.采用简单模型,计算运动客体的理论光谱轮廓,从而对现有测定方法的可靠性作了讨论.指出如使用方法不当,所测得的速度不仅量值上与真实情况相差甚远,而且测得的运动方向亦可与实际相反.     

长江三峡工程库首区InSAR测量的初步研究

正在进行的长江三峡水利枢纽工程将建成世界上最大的人工水库 ,已有的研究表明 ,高坝水库有可能诱发中强地震。合成孔径雷达干涉测量 (InSAR)已成为测量地球表面变化极具潜力的技术。对欧洲遥感卫星ERS - 1与ERS - 2的SAR数据的初步分析表明 :只要时间跨度不太长 ,在有植被覆盖、地形起伏较大的山区亦能获得较为理想的干涉图像。结合三峡地壳形变监测网络 ,利用InSAR技术完全有希望识别三峡工程蓄水过程的地表变形     

超新星SN1987A包层的温度演化

本文介绍了超新星ＳＮ１９８７Ａ爆发六年来关于其包层温度演化的研究情况。温度是研究超新星的各种物理过程的一个基本参量，然而目前对温度的各种估算十分弥散，结果相当不确定。本文利用辐射转移理论的逃逸几率方法，导出Ｈａ线辐射理论光变曲线，通过与观测曲线的比较，可定量地导出超新气壳的温度演化行为。这一模型的结果与他人结果有较好的符合。同时，我们的结果表明，在爆发５００天以后，温度反而随年龄上升，可能的解释在     

蒋家沟泥石流表面流速公式试验研究

根据蒋家沟泥石流体的物理特征,建立泥石流运动力学方程,用因次分析法导出泥石流流速公式的无因次乘积表达式。通过蒋家沟泥石流流动试验,确定其无因次乘积数,得出蒋家沟泥石流表面流速公式为Uc=Vy Hc~(1/2)g~(1/2)/2.405 Vc Ic~(1/2),Uc为泥石流表面流速,Vy为泥石流中土体的损失容重,g为重力加速度,Yc为泥石流体容重,Ic为河床纵坡。模型试验和原型观测所测得的流速与按试验公式计算的流速对比,其误差分别为1.0—4.5％和1.0—14.5％。由此表明,试验得出的表面流速公式符合实际情况,反映了蒋家沟泥石流运动规律。     

Deep tectonic setting of the 2008 Wenchuan <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>s</Subscript>8.0 earthquake in southwestern China

Teleseismic P-wave receiver functions at 20 broadband seismic stations in the Longmenshan fault zone (LMFZ) and its vicinity were extracted, and the crustal thickness and the P- and S-wave velocity ratio were calculated by use of the H-k stacking algorithm. With the results as constraints, the S-wave velocity structures beneath each station were determined by the inversion of receiver functions. The crustal structure of the Rear-range zone is similar to that of the Songpan-Garze Block, whereas the velocity structure of the Fore-range zone resembles that of Sichuan Basin, implying that the Central Principal Fault of LMFZ is the boundary between the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Yangtze Block. Lower velocity zone exists in lower crust of the Songpan-Garze Block and the central-southern segment of the Rear-range zone, which facilitates the detachment of the material in upper and middle crust. Joint analysis of the receiver functions and the Bouguer gravity anomalies supports the thesis on the detachment-thrust mode of the LMFZ. A double-detachment pattern is suggested to the tectonic setting in the Songpan-Garze Block. The upper detachment occurs at the depth of 10-15 km, and represents a high-temperature ductile shear zone. There is a lower detachment at the depth of about 30 km, below which the lower crust flow exists in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Interpretation of the Bouguer gravity anomalies indicates that the Sichuan Basin is of higher density in upper and middle crust in comparison with that of the Songpan-Garze Block. The LMFZ with higher density is the result from the thrusting of the Songpan-Garze Block over the Sichuan Basin. In the lower crust, higher P velocity and higher density in the Sichuan Basin are related to more rigid material, while lower S velocity and lower density in the Songpan-Garze Block are related to the softened and weakened material. The higher density block beneath the Sichuan Basin obstructs the eastward flow of lower crustal material from the Tibetan Plateau, which is driven by the compression of northward movement of Indian Plate. The eastward movement of upper and middle crustal material is also obstructed by the rigid Yangtze Block, resulting in the stress concentrated and accumulated along the LMFZ. When the stress releases sharply, the Wenchuan M _s8.0 earthquake occurs. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40334041, 40774037) and Joint Foundation of Earthquake Science (Grant No. 1040062)     

气候变化对林火动态的影响研究进展

气候变化对林火动态的影响一直是国内外研究的热点,从数据获取方式、研究内容、研究方法和研究结论等角度出发对此领域的进展进行了综述。当前以气候变暖为主要特征的气候变化已对林火动态产生重要影响,全球大部分地区林火发生频率增大、林火强度增强;在预期继续变暖的气候背景下,未来林火情势会更加严峻;但由于气候变化的区域性差异,有些地区的林火动态变化不明显或呈现下降趋势。对预期气候情景下研究结论的不确定性进行了分析,并讨论了我国与国外在此领域的研究差距及其原因。最后,对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

半干旱区植被风沙动力过程耦合研究: Ⅲ. 应用

 以科尔沁地区的奈曼旗为例对植被-风沙动力耦合模型进行实际应用,模拟10余年来生物量和风蚀量的分布变化,并与遥感数据进行对比。对奈曼地区1987年至2002年土壤水分补给量、生物量和风蚀量的模拟结果表明：土壤水分补给量与降水量有较明显的相关性,通常春夏土壤水分补给量较高、秋冬季较低。土壤水分补给量与降水量在空间分布上较为一致,地势低洼处比周边地区高。生物量的季节变化规律主要表现为夏季最高;秋季若雨水充足可形成一个次高峰,若降雨量较小则生物量迅速下降;冬季和初春生物量最低。生物量的空间分布格局为南部、地势低洼以及离河流较近的区域生物量较高。风蚀量的季节变化规律表现为初春季最高,夏季最低,秋季逐步上升,上升的速度视生物量情况而变化,冬季较稳定。风蚀量的空间分布格局是北部平原地区和植被覆盖较低的地区风蚀量较高。