A numerical study of the circulation and monthly-to-seasonal variability in the Caribbean Sea: the role of Caribbean eddies

This study examines the circulation and associated monthly-to-seasonal variability in the Caribbean Sea using a regional ocean circulation model. The model domain covers the region between 99.0 and 54.0°W and between 8.0 and 30.3°N, with a horizontal resolution of 1/6°. The ocean circulation model is driven by 6-hourly atmospheric reanalysis data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction and boundary forcing extracted from 5-day global ocean reanalysis data produced by Smith et al. (Mercator Newsletter 36:39–49, 2010), and integrated for 7 years. A comparison of model results with observations demonstrates that the regional ocean circulation model has skill in simulating circulation and associated variability in the study region. Analysis of the model results, as well as a companion model run that uses steady annual mean forcing, illustrates the role of Caribbean eddies for driving monthly-to-seasonal circulation variability in the model. It is found that vertically integrated transport between Nicaragua and Jamaica is influenced by the interaction between the density perturbations associated with Caribbean eddies and the Nicaraguan Ridge. The impact of Caribbean eddies squeezing through the Yucatan Channel is also discussed.     

High angle prestack depth migration with absorption compensation

The absorption effect of actual subsurface media can weaken wavefield energy, decrease the dominating frequency, and further lead to reduced resolution. In migration, some actions can be taken to compensate for the absorption effect and enhance the resolution. In this paper, we derive a one-way wave equation with an attenuation term based on the timespace domain high angle one-way wave equation. A complicated geological model is then designed and synthetic shot gathers are simulated with acoustic wave equations without and with an absorbing term. The derived one-way wave equation is applied to the migration of the synthetic gathers without and with attenuation compensation for the simulated shot gathers. Three migration profiles are obtained. The first and second profiles are from the shot gathers without and with attenuation using the migration method without compensation, the third one is from the shot gathers with attenuation using the migration method with compensation. The first and third profiles are almost the same, and the second profile is different from the others below the absorptive layers. The amplitudes of the interfaces below the absorptive layers are weak because of their absorption. This method is also applied to field data. It is concluded from the migration examples that the migration method discussed in this paper is feasible.     

河北廊坊地区的设定地震灾害评估

本文对1700年以来的历史地震烈度资料进行了分析,并结合地震地质资料来确定设定地震(Scenario Earthquake),然后利用模拟强地面运动确定了廊坊地区的强地面运动灾害.研究结果表明,按照目前的地震活动趋势,廊坊地区出现大于或等于地震烈度8度的周期大约是600年.也就是说,在未来50年廊坊地区出现地震烈度8度的超越概率为8％.为此,本文建议廊坊地区应该考虑0.3g峰值加速度(Ⅷ度)作为基本地震工程设计参数.     

Influence factors and variation characteristics of water vapor absorption by soil in semi-arid region

The adsorption of water vapor by soil is one of the crucial contributors to non-rainfall water on land surface, particularly over semi-arid regions where its contribution can be equivalent to precipitation and can have a major impact on dry agriculture and the ecological environment in these regions. However, due to difficulties in the observation of the adsorption of water vapor,research in this area is limited. This study focused on establishing a method for estimating the quantitative observation of soil water vapor adsorption(WVA), and exploring the effects of meteorological elements(e.g., wind, temperature, and humidity) and soil environmental elements(e.g., soil temperature, soil moisture, and the available energy of soil) on WVA by soil over the semi-arid region, Dingxi, by combining use of the L-G large-scale weighing lysimeter and meteorological observation. In addition, this study also analyzed the diurnal and annual variations of WVA amount, frequency, and intensity by soil, how they changed with weather conditions, and the contribution of WVA by soil to the land surface water budget. Results showed that WVA by soil was co-affected by various meteorological and soil environmental elements, which were more likely to occur under conditions of relative humidity of 6.50% and the diurnal variation of relative humidity was large, inversion humidity, wind velocity of 3.4 m/s,lower soil water content, low surface temperature and slightly unstable atmospheric conditions. There was a negative feedback loop between soil moisture and the adsorption of water vapor, and, moreover, the diurnal and annual variations of WVA amount and frequency were evident—WVA by soil mainly occurred in the afternoon, and the annual peak appeared in December and the valley in June, with obvious regional characteristics. Furthermore, the contribution of WVA by soil to the land surface water budget obviously exceeded that of precipitation in the dry season.     

夏垫活动断层土壤氡地球化学特征

夏垫活动断层为首都圈重要的断层之一。本文用土壤中气氡测量法在齐心庄和东柳河屯区段进行了野外现场勘测,揭示了研究区土壤氡的地球化学异常,绘制出研究区的氡浓度等值线图,分析了该区段活动断层的上下盘、空间位置及断层走向,并探讨了研究区断裂带的规模及活动性。综合分析认为,断裂带规模较大和断层活动性较强的齐心庄处的夏垫活动断层应为今后地震监测的重点。     

传统村落分布的“边缘化”特征——以湖南省为例

传统村落伴随快速城市化、城进乡退的进程,呈现出“边缘化”分布趋势。以湖南省723个传统村落为实证对象,借助ArcGIS 10.0技术平台,选取影响传统村落的农业资源、经济、空间及交通等四类因素,以县域为统计单元,对湖南省域进行核心—边缘区评价。将评价结果与传统村落分布进行叠加,结果显示湖南省传统村落分布呈现农业资源边缘化、经济边缘化、空间边缘化和交通边缘化特征,并分析传统村落分布“边缘化”特征形成机理,提出保护开发建议。     

黄土高原不同气候区裸地水、热特征对比

为了更好地理解陆地表面水、热通量的空间差异,利用2009年和2010年1月黄土高原陆面过程观测试验（LOPEX）的陆面过程资料,对比分析了不同气候区主要地表水、热通量特征。结果表明：半干旱区的定西在近地层气象要素、土壤湿度、动量通量、地表能量及CO2通量等主要陆面特征物理量与半湿润区的平凉、庆阳差异明显;气候背景相接近的平凉、庆阳的主要陆面特征量比较接近。虽然地形、地势、海拔、下垫面影响因子也是影响陆面特征的重要因素,但是气候背景差异愈明显,陆面特征差异也愈大,即一个地区的气候背景是陆面过程特征的主要决定因子,对陆面特征产生综合影响,而地形、地貌只对一个或几个陆面物理量有影响。     

WGS84坐标系至1980西安坐标系转换的算法实现

该文提出了一种由WGS-84坐标系大地坐标至1980西安坐标系高斯直角平面坐标转换的流程,并实现了关键的算法,包括高斯-克吕格投影的正算及"布尔莎-沃尔夫"模型七参数的解算。通过实验数据的验算及实际应用,证明该文提出的方法是可行的。     

烟台市龙口港污损生物生态研究

于2007年03月22日至2008年03月21日在山东省烟台市龙口港附近海域,进行了为期1年的挂板试验,本次调查共记录该海域污损生物32种,优势种为内枝多管藻(Polysiphonia morrowii)、软丝藻(Ulothrix flacca.)、肠浒苔(Entermorpha intestinalis)、中胚花筒螅(Tubularia mesembryanthemum)等.该海域全年均有污损生物附着,月板平均生物量为525.18 g/m2,5-11月的生物附着量较高,最高值出现在7月;季板平均生物量为1569.39 g/m2,生物群落的种类组成和生物量变化明显,其中秋季板生物量最高,龙口海域污损生物的附着种类受季节性水温变化的影响比较明显,藻类开始附着的温度低于动物.4个季度污损生物的种群多样性指数(H忆)春季最高,均匀度指数(J)和种群丰富度指数(M)则夏季最高.统计分析表明,龙口港海域污损生物群落可大致划分为 4个组群,秋季附着的污损生物代表了试验海域的主要特征,同时揭示出污损生物附着季节、演替时间长短等是影响群落种类组成的重要因素     

基于多软件的ArcGIS宗海图制图技术研究

在ArcGIS,AutoCAD和Surfer三种软件数据相互转换的基础之上,将ArcGIS与AutoCAD、Surfer制图技术有机结合,借助ArcGIS强大的绘图功能来完成宗海图的绘制。较之单一的AutoCAD制图技术,这种方法在保证宗海图绘制规范性和准确性的前提下,提高了宗海图绘制的效率,为海域使用管理和用海审批提供了技术保障。