P-范分布熵的近似估计

P-范分布复杂的概率密度函数表达式不利于熵的计算和实际应用,提出利用简单分布的熵组合近似估计P-范分布的熵,可简化计算过程。数值演算对比表明,P-范分布熵的近似估计误差均不超过0.09,尤其当1≤p≤2时,最大误差仅为0.008 8,可实证近似计算的有效性。     

华北地区2009~2013年地下物质密度变化及其地壳运动含义

基于华北地区2009~2013年半年尺度重力复测资料,利用扣除半年和年周期获得的重力年变率反演计算华北地区地下物质密度变化。结果显示,华北地区总体上呈现东、西两侧的山西地区和渤海湾盆地为负变化,中间地带的华北平原表现为正变化,揭示了华北平原中下地壳因两侧膨胀和岩石圈热物质上涌而使物质处于压缩状态。     

GPS rapid static and kinematic positioning based on GPS active network

This paper presents a data processing strategy for GPS kinematic Positioning by using a GPS active network to model the GPS errors in double difference observable.Firstly,the double difference residuals are estimated between the reference stations in the active network.Then the errors at a user station are predicted as the network corrctions to user measurements,based on the location of the user,Finally conventional kinematic positioning algorithms can be applied to determine the position of the user station.As an example,continuous 24-hour GPS data in March 2001 has been processed by this method.It clearly demonstrates that,after applying these corrections to a user within the network,both the success rate for ambiguity resolution and the positioning accuracy have been significantly improved.     

变形监测网的整体与局部灵敏度标准

本文根据监测网灵敏度的定义，重点讨论了整体灵敏度与局部灵敏度的区别和应用的条件，分析了灵敏度标准与精度标准的 关系，并用算例加以试算分析，其结果可应用于监测网的质量评价和最优设计。     

地形对确定高精度局部大地水准面的影响

以计算香港大地水准面为例 ,着重研究了以下几点 :①DTM的分辨率对地形改正的影响 ;②质量柱体地形模型与质量线地形模型对计算地形改正的差异 ;③采用Helmert凝聚改正法 ,计算地形对大地水准面的间接影响 ;④比较经典Stokes Helmert方法与Sj¨oberg方法计算地形对大地水准面的影响     

用载波相位宽巷组合高精度确定大数值变形

利用监测点变形前精确位置已知的奈件，反求出双差相位观测值的整周模糊度；利用单历元观测数据，通过多种载波相位组合，获得高精度的变形值．当瞬间变形值较大时(O．5m)，也能获得满意的效果。     

模型参数估计的优效性

本文根据多参数的R-C不等式和优效计量定理,得到了函数模型和随机模型参数估计的方差下界公式。函数模型的参数估计是优效估计量,但随机模型的参数估计即方差分量估计不是优效估计量;作为特例,单位权方差的估计是优效估计量,同时证明了函数模型和随机模型参数估计的不相关性。     

GPS相对定位中系统误差的影响

GPS相对定位的精度受到多种系统误差的影响,本文研究对流层延迟误差(分相对和绝对)、电离层延迟误差、基线或网解算时作为固定点的高程和水平坐标误差的影响规律,得出一些有用的结论。在可见卫星分布均匀的情况下,推导出相应的计算公式,而对于卫星分布不均匀的情况,研究了计算影响的软件GPS-RPBE。     

GPS观测数据处理方法的实验研究

本文用实验研究方法探讨工程测量中GPS观测数据处理的几个问题,得出如下结论:载波相位二次差的精度与基线长度有关,采用网的整体平差方法处理GPS观测值时需要考虑这个问题;引进相位二次差间的数学相关不一定能改善成果的精度;电离层延迟影响可不必考虑,但对流层延迟的不同模拟方法对成果影响很大;如果观测质量优良,应尽可能把“整波长数”的解约束为整数,以提高基线解的精度。     

Air–Sea Coupling Enhances the East Asian Winter Climate Response to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation

A simple air–sea coupled model,the atmospheric general circulation model(AGCM) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction coupled to a mixed-layer slab ocean model,is employed to investigate the impact of air–sea coupling on the signals of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO). A regional coupling strategy is applied,in which coupling is switched off in the extratropical North Atlantic Ocean but switched on in the open oceans elsewhere. The coupled model is forced with warm-phase AMO SST anomalies,and the modeled responses are compared with those from parallel uncoupled AGCM experiments with the same SST forcing. The results suggest that the regionally coupled responses not only resemble the AGCM simulation,but also have a stronger intensity. In comparison,the coupled responses bear greater similarity to the observational composite anomaly. Thus,air–sea coupling enhances the responses of the East Asian winter climate to the AMO. To determine the mechanism responsible for the coupling amplification,an additional set of AGCM experiments,forced with the AMO-induced tropical SST anomalies,is conducted. The SST anomalies are extracted from the simulated AMO-induced SST response in the regionally coupled model. The results suggest that the SST anomalies contribute to the coupling amplification. Thus,tropical air–sea coupling feedback tends to enhance the responses of the East Asian winter climate to the AMO.