四川省气象灾害防御对策初探

根据四川省气象灾害多发、频发的特点,提出四川省气象灾害防御的主要措施和对策,探讨了有关气象灾害防御的保障措施.     

多工况下汉源二蛮山滑坡机理数值模拟

利用FLAC3D软件对四川省雅安市汉源县二蛮山滑坡坡体进行建模,模拟降雨滑坡过程,并进行应力应变特征及稳定性计算分析,从而为深入研究地震及降雨诱发再次滑坡及防灾减灾提供可靠依据。研究中假设地震工况,对边坡进行详细的动力分析,得到了各监测点动力特征曲线;通过降雨工况下坡体稳定性系数分析得到了不同强度折减安全系数。研究结果表明,滑源区相对特殊的地形条件和地质构造以及不利的结构面组合是滑坡的基础;前期强降雨期间饱水加载以及大量雨水沿斜沟张裂结构面的下渗软化作用,是诱发滑坡发生的关键因素。      

滦河流域碳、水循环和能量平衡遥感综合试验总体设计

始于20世纪80年代的系列大型遥感试验开始系统研究地表物质和能量交换过程,对遥感与地球系统科学研究的结合起到重要作用,但是尚无综合利用多源遥感数据解决碳、水、能量循环问题的有效方案.遥感科学国家重点实验室于滦河上游地区组织开展基础性、多学科、多尺度的"碳、水循环和能量平衡遥感综合试验".本次试验面向地球系统科学对遥感观...     

条形基础砂土地基的破坏模型试验

为了研究条形基础砂土地基的剪切破坏形式和承载机理,在相似理论的指导下,进行了一组条形基础砂土地基的模型试验,模拟了砂土地基受荷后产生变形、扩展直到破坏的全过程;测量并分析了地基中不同点处的土压力大小及其分布规律,观测了剪切带的形成和发展过程。结果表明,模型试验能够很好地体现砂土地基变形、破坏的整个过程及其沉降变形特性、地基中各点的真实应力状态及其变化规律,对于研究深基坑变形过程和破坏形态具有应用价值。     

Improved understanding of petroleum migration history in the Hongche fault zone,northwestern Junggar Basin (northwest China): Constrained by vein-calcite fluid inclusions and trace elements

Calcite veins and cements occur widely in Carboniferous and Permian reservoirs of the Hongche fault zone, northwestern Junggar Basin in northwest China. The calcites were investigated by fluid inclusion and trace-element analyses, providing an improved understanding of the petroleum migration history. It is indicated that the Hongche fault behaved as a migration pathway before the Early Cretaceous, allowing two oil charges to migrate into the hanging-wall, fault-core and footwall reservoirs across the fault. Since the Late Cretaceous, the Hongche fault has been sealed. As a consequence, meteoric water flowed down only into the hanging-wall and fault-core reservoirs. The meteoric-water incursion is likely an important cause for degradation of reservoir oils. In contrast, the footwall reservoirs received gas charge (the third hydrocarbon event) following the Late Cretaceous. This helps explain the distribution of petroleum across the fault. This study provides an example of how a fault may evolve as pathway and seal over time, and how reservoir diagenetic minerals can provide clues to complex petroleum migration histories.     

水溶性污染物在土壤中转化的原位实验方法

建立了一种研究水溶性污染物在土壤中运转化的原位实验方法，该方法已成功地应用于研究黄土中氨氮的运移转化规律，克服了土柱实验存在的破坏土壤结构及氧化还原电位发生变化等所引起的实验误差。     

Fast inversion of rupture process of the 14 April 2010 Yushu,Qinghai, earthquake

Four results of the rupture process of 14 April 2010 Yushu, Qinghai, earthquake, obtained by inverting the broadband seismic data of Global Seismographic Network (GSN) based on the inversion method of earthquake rupture process, were compared and discussed. It is found that the Yushu earthquake has several basic characteristics as follows: ① There exist two principal sub-events which correspond to two slip-concentrated patches being located near the hypocenter and to the southeast of the epicenter. The rupture of the slip-concentrated patch to the southeast of the epicenter broke though the ground surface; ② The peak slip and peak slip-rate are about 2.1 m and 1.1 m/s, respectively, indicating that the Yushu earthquake is an event with large slip-rate on the fault plane; ③ Overall the Yushu earthquake is a unilateral rupture event with the rupture mainly propagating southeastward. The strong focusing of the seismic energy in the southeast of the epicenter due to the "seismic Doppler effect" reasonably accounts for the tremendous damage in the Yushu city.     

Tracing origins of sewage and organic matter using dissolved sterols in Masan and Haengam Bay,Korea

Masan and Haengam Bays in Korea are highly polluted and semi-enclosed. Domestic and industrial effluents are directly or indirectly discharged into the bays through sewage treatment plants (STP) and creeks. In this study, 15 dissolved sterol compounds were determined in order to understand their sources and relative contribution. Freshwater samples were taken from 13 creeks and at two STP sites on a monthly basis. Total dissolved sterol concentrations ranged from 993 to 4158 ng/L. The concentrations of sterols in winter were higher than in summer. Among the sterols analyzed, cholesterol, β-sitosterol, coprostanol and cholestanone were major compounds in creek water. Seawater samples were concurrently collected at 21 stations in Masan Bay. Total sterol concentrations ranged 118–6,956 ng/L. Inner bay showed high concentrations of sterols in summer, while outer bay showed high sterol concentrations in winter. Among the sterols, cholesterol, β-sitosterol and brassicasterol were major compounds in seawater. In order to examine the contribution of urban sewage, the concentration of coprostanol and fecal sterol ratios were calculated. Most of the creek water, inner bay and near STP outlet samples were affected by sewage. Terrestrial organic matters accounted for a high proportion of dissolved organic matter origin. Fecal origins were relatively high in the inner bay areas and in the STP outlet, while sterols of marine origin were high in the outer bay areas.     

煤炭革命新理念与煤炭科技发展构想

为探索采动影响下的断层活化突水机理,开展断层破碎岩体剪切变形与渗透性演化试验研究。基于流固耦合原理设计一套破碎岩体压剪渗流试验系统,实现破碎岩体剪切变形与渗流的耦合过程,开展多因素影响下的破碎岩体剪切−渗流耦合试验,获得连续剪切过程中颗粒级配和初始孔隙率对孔隙率和渗透性参量的影响规律。结果表明,连续剪切条件下,破碎岩体的渗透率和孔隙率变化过程大致相同,可分为3个阶段：缓慢增长阶段,破碎岩石颗粒由散乱状态向有序的组织结构调整;加速增长阶段,破碎岩石颗粒剪切膨胀;增速放缓阶段,破碎岩体颗粒的剪切变形在围压的约束下达到动态平衡。试样Talbot指数越小或初始孔隙率越大,渗透率和孔隙率敏感性越强,渗透率和孔隙率越大;非Darcy流β因子的演化规律与渗透率的演化规律相反。结合数值模拟发现,剪切作用下破碎岩体剪切带内岩石颗粒的运移是剪胀现象发生的主要原因,破碎岩体剪胀过程中颗粒的力链由随机分布向特定方向转化,表现为局部孔隙和孔喉的膨胀,是孔隙率和渗透率增加的主要原因。研究成果可为深部煤矿突水灾害机理揭示与灾害防治提供参考。

     

关于推进经营性土地使用权招标拍卖挂牌出让工作的几点思考

土地是实现可持续发展的基础性资源和重要资产保障。扎实推进经营性土地使用权招标拍卖挂牌出让制度,通过市场机制形成土地价格,可以提高土地资源利用率,有效遏制土地资产的流失,最大限度地获取经济效益、社会效益和环境效益,促进可持续发展,并可以抑制权力进入市场,从源头上预防和治理腐败。近两年来,莱芜市土地市场与土地资源管理工作虽然取得了一定成绩,但仍存在土地市场不够规范的问题,全市土地资产经营的机制有待进一步健全完善。同时,个别单位、部门和同志对经营性土地使用权以招标拍卖挂牌出让的方式取得的严肃性还认识不足,以言代法…