Genetic Analogy Between Sediment—Hosted Gold Deposits and Sediment—Hosted Copper Deposits in Southwest China

The sediment-hosted copper deposits according to the authors‘ study were formed from connate formation water during the post-sedimentary or diagenetic stage while the sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits are unanimously considered to be of post-sedimentary hydrothermal origin.Therefore,apart from their own individulities.These two types of deposits must share some characters in common.Comparisons are attempted,in this paper,between the sediment-hosted copper deposits in southwest China and the Triassic sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Triangle in terms of geological and geochemical features.     

潜水钻机在漂石和砂卵石漏浆地层中大口径钻孔工法探讨

本文重点介绍在漂石，砂卵石地层中进行大口径φ１．８ｍ桩基施工时，采用钻，抓成孔工艺的实例。     

Remote-sensing inversion model of surface water suspended sediment concentration based on in situ measured spectrum in Hangzhou Bay, China

Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is an important parameter for monitoring coastal water quality. Suspended particles are also the main optically active substances for ocean color remote sensing. It is important to study the surface reflectance spectra features of coastal turbid water, as it can be the basis for establishing more accurate remote-sensing inversion models. In this study, Hangzhou Bay, China, was selected as the study area. Two in situ measurement and sampling stations in the estuary of the Qiantang River which flows into Hangzhou Bay were set up separately. Above-water spectrum observation method, which the NASA recommended, was adopted to measure the reflection spectrum of turbid waters. Surface water samples were simultaneously collected to obtain the corresponding SSC data. The results showed that the total suspended particle concentrations in the Hangzhou Bay were typically high, and the inorganic suspended particle concentrations were far greater than the phytoplankton concentrations, which averages 705?mg/L and 1.16?mg/m³. The SSC at two sampling stations both showed significant temporal variability, particularly appearing short-period rapid fluctuations accompanying the tidal cycle. The measured surface water reflectance spectra all showed typical curve characteristics of high turbid water, and as the SSC increased, the corresponding reflectivity of surface water also increased. The increments at different wavelengths were variational, with two reflectance peaks appearing at 650?C700-nm and near the 800-nm wavelength of spectral curves, respectively. The first derivative of spectral curves showed that the first reflectance peak location appeared to be a ??red shift?? phenomenon with the SSC increasing. The correlation coefficients between the SSC of surface water and the remote-sensing reflectance according to moderate resolution imaging spectra-radiometer (MODIS) channels?? central wavelength were different significantly, which were larger at MODIS long-wavelength channels (>650?nm) and smaller at MODIS short-wavelength channels (400?C550?nm). The value of determination coefficient R ² was 0.82 when the reflectance ratio of MODIS band 2 to band 1 was selected as the SSC sensitive bands combination and exponential regression analysis was employed. Therefore, the reflectance ratio of MODIS band 2 to band 1 can be adopted as the main band combination for establishing surface water SSC remote-sensing inversion model in the Hangzhou Bay.     

开源GIS支持下的气象灾害风险区划分析

近年来气象灾害频繁发生,给我国人民生活、经济发展带来严重威胁。灾害风险区划分析作为防灾减灾的基础工作,在我国逐渐展开。为探索一种基于开源GIS的县级区域气象灾害风险区划分析技术方案,首先分析开源GIS的发展状况,探讨了开源GIS的质量、性能及应用中需注意的法律因素等,而后以东营市河口区为例,选择QGIS、ILWIS等开源软件,基于区域灾害系统论构建不同气象灾害的分析模型及综合气象灾害分析模型,进行县级区域气象灾害风险区划分析,最终编制实验区气象灾害风险区划分级图。     

巢湖水-气界面N2O通量排放特征及影响因素

湖泊是温室气体氧化亚氮(N₂O)的潜在排放源,但由于自然环境以及人类活动的差异,其N₂O排放规律也存在特殊性和地域性。为探究巢湖N₂O排放通量的时空特征,利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法于2018年3月至2019年12月对巢湖不同区域(东、中、西)N₂O的排放进行观测。结果表明,巢湖水体N₂O年均排放通量为(25.14±55.01)μg/(m²·h),表现为N₂O的“源”,且具有较为明显的时空分布规律。在时间分布上,季节变化趋势呈现“M”形模式,7月出现最小值且表现为N₂O的“汇”((-12.97±16.32)μg/(m²·h)),在6月和8月为峰值,全年最大值出现在8月((68.25±78.05)μg/(m²·h)),极值均出现在夏季。在空间分布上,东、中、西3个湖区N₂O排放通量差异显著(P=0.03),N₂O排放通量最大值((4...     

东海北部黑潮区浮游动物的多样性研究

由于浮游动物在海洋生态系统中处于主导地位及其对生物地球化学循环和全球变化的重要影响,浮游动物与环境间相互作用的研究已成为现代海洋生态学研究的一个核心问题[1].     

北京市土壤Hg污染的区域生态地球化学评价

城市土壤Hg异常/污染是中国普遍存在的重大生态环境问题。文章对北京市近1000km2范围内的地表土壤、壤中气、大气干湿沉降、大气颗粒物、大气中的Hg含量水平和空间分布模式进行了系统研究,查明北京地表土壤Hg平均含量为0.41mg/kg,大气干湿沉降物中的Hg平均含量为0.194mg/kg,壤中气Hg的平均含量为559.65ng/m3,大气颗粒物PM10和PM2.5中的Hg含量分别为0.59和0.67ng/m3,大气中的Hg平均含量为3.13ng/m3。北京市自2000年起实现了由燃煤转变为燃气的减排措施,导致干湿沉降物中的Hg沉降通量显著减少,2006年大气干湿沉降物中Hg的沉降通量1.837mg·m-2·a-1,北京市城区(近1000km2)Hg全年沉降为1837kg,空气中总Hg浓度由1998年的8.3~24.7ng/m3下降到2006年的3.13ng/m3,大气颗粒物中Hg含量由2003年的1.18ng/m3下降到2006年的0.59ng/m3(PM10)和0.67ng/m3(PM2.5),表明北京市煤改气减排措施的实施显著改善了大气环境质量。通过对土壤中Hg的存在形式研究,发现土壤中有硫化物(辰砂)及各种Hg盐(HgCl2)的含Hg矿物,Hg也可以各种吸附方式或壤中气方式存在。研究证实北京壤中气Hg与大气Hg存在显著的相关性(n=131,R=0.267,p<0.01),表明壤中气Hg是大气Hg的重要来源之一。利用2005年地表土壤总Hg与Hg释放速率的线性方程估算,土壤Hg平均释放速率为102.42ng·m-2·h-1,2005年土壤释放进大气的Hg通量为936.70kg。在查明土壤中存在大量辰砂矿物的同时,还分布有大量具有高温熔融特征的金属微球粒和玻璃质微球粒,证明燃煤和冶金烟尘是地表土壤Hg的主要来源。土壤中Hg、S、pH和辰砂颗粒浓度在空间上的高度耦合性表明,碱性条件下,土壤中高含量的S和Hg是辰砂形成的重要原因。按国家土壤环境质量标准,北京市I级土壤Hg环境质量的面积为176km2,Ⅱ级为808km2,Ⅲ级为24km2,超Ⅲ为36km2。Ⅲ级、超Ⅲ级主要分布在二环路以内的中心城区。城南(长安街为界)大气Hg环境质量明显优于城北,在北四、北五环之间的部分地区,大气颗粒Hg的环境质量为Ⅲ级或超Ⅲ级。在地表土壤Hg含量较高的中心城区,居民每天因呼吸摄入的Hg高达364ng,对人体健康构成潜在风险。根据我国"十一五"规划中每年实现10%节能减排的目标,对北京市未来50年土壤Hg含量的时空演变趋势预测,预测2050年北京因干湿沉降带来的Hg输入量为16.03kg,地表土壤释放Hg的输出量为37.36kg,明显大于Hg的输入通量,土壤Hg的环境质量将得到根本改善。预测到2040年Ⅲ级土壤Hg环境质量的区域将完全消失,到2060年以Ⅰ级土壤为主。     

基于Ecopath模型的舟山海域褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)生态容量评估

根据2021年渔业资源调查数据构建了含有23个功能组的舟山海域生态系统Ecopath模型,分析了当前舟山海域生态系统总体特征并估算了褐菖鲉在舟山海域的生态容量。结果表明:舟山海域生态系统营养级范围为1.000 (浮游植物和有机碎屑)～4.277 ( 鳐类),石首鱼科、虾类和 鳐类为舟山海域生态系统中的关键种。碎屑食物链和牧食食物链是舟山海域生态系统主要的食物链。碎屑和浮游植物对食物网的贡献率分别为61.32%和38.69%。始于浮游植物和碎屑的营养传递效率分别是9.34%和10.50%,系统总营养传递效率是9.82%。总初级生产量/总呼吸量为2.26,系统连接指数为0.372,系统杂食性指数为0.222。生态系统总体特征反映了舟山海域生态系统的成熟状态较低,生态系统处于不稳定阶段,容易受到外界环境变化的影响。根据模型估算,当褐菖鲉生物量增加至8.6倍时,褐菖鲉达到生态容量0.007 95 t/km²,此时生态系统仍保持平衡,且生态系统总体特征基本稳定。因此,褐菖鲉在舟山海域尚有较大增殖潜力。     

不同沉积微相致密储层的成岩响应及其控储机理 ——以鄂尔多斯盆地西部延长组为例

沉积微相是影响陆相致密油气储层发育的重要控制因素,不同微相的成岩响应和储层质量不同,制约了储层精细刻画与有利区预测工作.通过岩心、薄片、测井、孔渗、扫描电镜、XRD矿物分析、微米CT和压汞资料,识别了鄂尔多斯盆地西南部延长组三角洲—湖相致密储层8种沉积微相类型,刻画了不同微相在矿物组成、成岩作用、储层物性和孔隙结构方面...