云南纵向岭谷南延区域水文要素分布特征

本文以具有代表性的澜沧江下段右支流沙河为例，并根据该流域内多站点实测水文气象资料分析云南境内横断山系纵向岭谷南延局部区域降雨、径流等特征量随高程、面积变化趋势。结果表明，在澜沧江右岸西东向局部区域内，降雨量（包括年雨量和最大1、6、24h暴雨量）与高程、年蒸发量与高程、年径流量与面积关系具有明显线性规律，其地形对水文要素起着东向西通道输送作用，而南北向具有局部阻隔效应。此分析有利于揭示纵向岭谷区内西东向支流的水文要素分布特性，对资料短缺区域的水资源评价及水利水电工程水文分析将是有益的。     

浅谈煤田地质勘探中煤质研究和评价的意义

通过我国煤田地质勘探中煤层煤质的分析,研究认为煤炭不仅是重要的能源,同时也是重要的化工原材料,长期以来在煤田地质勘探中侧重于煤炭资源的勘探,忽视了对煤质的分析研究,建议在今后的煤田地质勘探中加强对煤质的分析研究,为煤炭的综合利用提供必要的参数。     

某动力机器基础动力学分析

当动力机器基础体积较大时,采用《动力机器基础设计规范》(GB 50040-96)推荐的简化计算方法进行动力计算,计算结果可能具有较大的误差而不能用于工程设计,此时进行三维数值分析是必要的。在介绍弹性动力学分析的基础上,使用通用有限元软件ANSYS8.0,对某设备基础进行了模态分析和谐相应分析,得出了该动力机器基础的低阶固有频率准确值,以及该动力机器基础随外部荷载频率改变的振幅变化曲线,进而得出一些重要结论,为该工程设计提供了可靠参考。     

华北克拉通中生代伸展构造研究的几个问题及其在岩石圈减薄研究中的意义

总结了华北克拉通及周边以变质核杂岩和穹隆为代表的伸展构造研究的进展和存在的问题,提出了值得进一步研究的几个重要问题及其在华北克拉通破坏和岩石圈减薄研究中的意义。以变质核杂岩和穹隆为窗口,开展推覆向伸展的转化机制、区域性伸展运动学特征、剪切应变类型、伸展构造发育的时间和过程的研究,有助于深入探讨增厚地壳向伸展减薄转化的起因和过程,确定减薄的区域运动学方式及时限,查明伸展构造变形对地壳及岩石圈减薄的贡献。这方面的研究将提升华北伸展构造研究的水平,有助于查明岩石圈减薄的地壳响应,为探讨华北克拉通破坏和减薄的时限、机制、模式及深部动力学问题提供直接的构造证据。     

Early cretaceous granitoids and their implications for the collapse of the Dabie orogen, eastern China: SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating and geochemistry

Two stages of early Cretaceous post-orogenic granitoids are recognized in the Dabie orogen, eastern China, which recorded processes of extensional collapse of the orogen. The early stage granitoids ( 132 Ma) are foliated hornblende quartz monzonites and porphyritic monzogranites. They are of high-K calc-alkaline series and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, with high K₂O and low MgO contents (Mg^# values: 32.0–46.0), they contain high Sr, low Y and heavy rare earth elements (HREE), and have high Sr/Y and (La/Yb)_N ratios, without clear negative Eu, Sr and Ti anomalies. The early stage deformed granitoids have adakitic geochemical compositions and are equilibrated with residues rich in garnet and poor in anorthite-rich plagioclase, and thus indicate the existence of an over-thickened (> 50 km) crustal root beneath the orogen at  132 Ma. The later stage granitoids ( 128 Ma) are undeformed fine-grained monzogranites, fine-grained K-feldspar granites and coarse-grained K-feldspar granite-porphyry. They belong to a peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonite series, and display a flat HREE pattern and have strong negative Eu, Sr and Ti anomalies, with low Sr/Y and (La/Yb)_N ratios. The late stage granitoids are equilibrated with residues rich in anorthite-rich plagioclase, hornblende, ilmenite/titanite and poor in garnet, indicating that the crust of the Dabie orogen became thinner (< 35 km) at  128 Ma. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb ages and changing compositional trends for these two stages of granitoids indicate that the over-thickened crust formed by the Triassic continental subduction/collision under the Dabie orogen remained until the early Cretaceous, and collapsed quickly in a few million years during the early Cretaceous.     

水资源优化配置的研究与展望

目前全国水资源优化配置的研究依然停留在借鉴和摸索阶段,对水资源优化配置的主要任务、遵循的原则、配置方案以及未来的发展方向进行了探讨.     

煤层气井绳索取心钻进技术的改进

通过大口径绳索取心技术在某煤层气参数井＋生产井施工过程中的应用，介绍了在应用该技术的过程中所遇到的技术难题及解决方案，同时介绍了煤层气参数井绳索取心过程中钻井冲洗液的选用及钻进参数的优选方法。     

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age,geochemistry and Nd-Hf isotope of Neoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms in western Sichuan:Petrogenesis and tectonic significance

Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks are widespread in the western margin of the Yangtze block, and their origin and genesis have significant implications for understanding the evolution of the Rodinia super- continent. However, there are currently two opposing interpretations for their petrogenesis and tectonic setting: mantle plume-related and island arc origin. To further verify these two competing models, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age determinations and geochemical and Nd-Hf isotopic analyses are conducted on the mafic dykes in the Kangdian Rift, western Sichuan. U-Pb dating suggests that these mafic dykes were emplaced at 780―760 Ma, spatially and temporally coeval with the Kangding granitoid complex. The parental magmas of these dykes were derived from a depleted asthenosphere mantle source likely triggered by an anomalously-hot mantle plume. Despite some arc-geochemical features caused by variable degrees of contamination of young island arc crust during magma ascending and emplace- ment, they show general geochemical and Nd-Hf isotopic features similar to those of the intraplate basalts. Our results support the reconstruction model of Rodinia in which the South China block was located between Australia and Laurentia.     

An 8.1Ma calcite record of Asian summer monsoon evolution on the Chinese central Loess Plateau

Carbonates in loess-red clay sequences consist mainly of calcite and dolomite. The EDTA analysis of carbonates in different size fractions and magnetic susceptibility reveal that calcite is a sensitive index of summer monsoon. The chemical analysis of carbonates and calcite from an 8.1 Ma loess-red clay sequence at Chaona on the Chinese central Loess Plateau shows that the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon experienced four stages, namely 8.1―5.5 Ma, 5.5―2.8 Ma, 2.8―1.5 Ma and 1.5―0 Ma, with increasing intensification and fluctuation, suggesting a possible combining impacts of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and global changes on the Asian summer monsoon.     

Helium and neon isotopic compositions in the ophiolites from the Yarlung Zangbo River,Southwestern China:The information from deep mantle

The ophiolites from the Yarlung Zangbo River (Tibet),Southwestern China,were analysed for the con-tents of helium and neon and their isotopic compositions by stepwise heating. The serpentinites from Bainang showed a high 3He/4He value of 32.66Ra (Ra is referred to the 3He/4He ratio in the present air) in 700 ℃ fraction. At lower temperature,all of the dolerites displayed as very high 3He/4He ratios as ones investigated for hotspots. It was clear that the high 3He/4He ratio was one of immanent characterics in the magma source formed the dolerites,suggesting that there was a large amount of deep mantle fluids in these rocks. In the three-isotope diagram of neon,the data points from the ophiolites of the Yarlung Zangbo River were arranged along the Loihi Line. This is in agreement with the characteristics of he-lium isotopes,revealing that the high-3He plume from deep mantle had played an important role in the formation of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. The helium isotopic compositions in the basalts were far higher than atomospheric value but lower than the average value of MORB,although there were various de-grees of alteration. The possible reasons were that basaltic magmas