Influence of transboundary air pollution on air quality in southwestern China

Air pollution is a grand challenge of our time due to its multitude of adverse impacts on environment and society,with the scale of impacts more severe in developing countries,including China.Thus,China has initiated and implemented strict air pollution control measures over last several years to reduce impacts of air pollution.Monitoring data from Jan 2015 to Dec 2019 on six criteria air pollutants(SO2,NO2,CO,O3,PM2.5,and PM1o)at eight sites in southwestern China were investigated to understand the situation and analyze the impacts of transboundary air pollutants in this region.In terms of seasonal variation,the maximum concentrations of air pollutants at these sites were observed in winter or spring season depending on individual site.For diurnal variation,surface ozone peaked in the afternoon while the other pollutants had a bimodal pattern with peaks in the morning and late afternoon.There was limited trans-port of domestic emissions of air pollutants in China to these sites.Local emissions enhanced the concen-trations of air pollutants during some pollution events.Mostly,the transboundary transport of air pollution from South Asia and Southeast Asia was associated with high concentrations of most air pollu-tants observed in southwestern China.Since air pollutants can be transported to southwestern China over long distances from the source regions,it is necessary to conduct more research to properly attribute and quantify transboundary transport of air pollutants,which will provide more solid scientific guidance for air pollution management in southwestern China.     

潜孔锤反循环钻进岩屑粒度分布规律

研究岩屑粒度分布规律有利于进一步分析潜孔锤反循环钻进的碎岩机理。采用分布函数和分形方法对反循环钻进产生的岩屑粒度分布进行描述,并得到岩屑粒度分布规律。结果表明：试验用岩屑的粒度分布符合Gandin-Schuhmann分布和Rosin-Rammler分布,其中岩屑颗粒更贴近于G-S分布;岩屑粒径遵循分形规律,可以用分形方法描述反循环钻进中岩屑粒度的分布特征。从岩屑粒度分布来看,大于5 mm的颗粒占总质量的74.8%,表明潜孔锤球齿破碎岩石以体积破碎为主;块状颗粒分布在5~12 mm,说明岩石的体积破碎存在大小差异,并伴随有重复破碎。     

Does vertical seismic force play an important role for the failure mechanism of rock avalanches? A case study of rock avalanches triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, Sichuan,China

The Wenchuan earthquake triggered 15,000 rock avalanches, rockfalls and debris flows, causing a large number of causalities and widespread damage. Similar to many rock avalanches, field investigations showed that tensile failure often occurred at the back edge. Some soil and rock masses were moved so violently that material became airborne. The investigation indicates that this phenomenon was due to the effect of a large vertical seismic motion that occurred in the meizoseismal area during the earthquake. This paper analyses the effect of vertical earthquake force on the failure mechanism of a large rock avalanche using the Donghekou rock avalanche as an example. This deadly avalanche, which killed 780 people, initiated at an altitude of 1,300 m and had a total run-out distance of 2,400 m. The slide mass is mainly composed of Sinian limestone and dolomite limestone, together with Cambrian slate and phyllite. Static and dynamic stability analysis on the Donghekou rock avalanche has been performed using FLAC finite difference method software, under the actual seismic wave conditions as recorded on May 12, 2008. The results show that the combined horizontal and vertical peak acceleration caused a higher reduction in slope stability factor than horizontal peak acceleration alone. In addition, a larger area of tensile failure at the back edge of the avalanche was generated when horizontal and vertical peak acceleration were combined than when only horizontal acceleration was considered. The force of the large vertical component of acceleration was the main reason rock and soil masses became airborne during the earthquake.     

油气勘探钻井用液动射流式冲击器的研究与应用

冲击回转钻进技术是当前解决硬岩进难题最有效的方法之一,将液动冲击回转钻进技术成功地推广应用于油气田勘探钻井中,预期可使硬岩平均钻进效率提高３０％－５０％,成本下降１５％－２０％。笔者就液动射流式冲击器应用于石油钻井的可行性和意义进行了较详细的分析论证,对所设计的石油钻井用液动射流式冲击器的结构和工作原理进行了说明,最后总结了生产性试验中存在的问题,提出了进一步改进的方案。     

青藏高原重力场特征和地壳构造

本文利用布格重力异常图,结合其它地质和地球物理资料,探讨了青藏高原区域重力场和剩余重力场特征及所反映的地壳构造。     

涪陵榨菜菜头品质与地质背景关系的研究

本文论述了涪陵榨菜的原料──芥菜的生态环境特征，以及涪陵地区地质背景与芥菜生态环境的相关性。划分了芥菜生长的优势区和劣势区，并预测了发展远景区。     

Current Status and Advance of Tidal-Bore Deposit Study

Tidal bore is hydraulic jump during the process of tide flooding with the tide wave moving upstream. They are widely distributed in the estuary zone with high tidal range and funnel-shaped planeform. Tidal bore deposit study is important for further understanding about paleogeomorphology, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate of areas near the estuaries, and sandbody formed by tidal bore deposit could be potential oil and gas reservoir. Researches about tidal bore have been always concentrated on hydraulic characteristics of tidal bore and its influences on estuary environment and engineering, while the study on tidal bore deposit is rarely reported. One of the most important causes is the complex hydrodynamic conditions in the estuary zone. Deposits characteristics is complicated in this zone due to comprehensive effects of river flow, waves and tides. It is hard to affirm the preservation probability of tidal bore deposits, especially in the ancient rock record. In view of this, current status and forecast about tidal-bore deposit study were expounded in this study based on comprehensive summary and discussion about typical tidal bore deposit data and reports. Criteria for recognition of tidal-bore deposits were described in detail on the aspects of sedimentary structures, grain size distribution, and facies model. One of the most critical diagnostic marks of tidal bore was a special undulating erosion surface with a series of irregular and stepped excavations on it. This surface was formed by cyclic pressure loading induced by the passage of a tidal bore. In addition, the cross-bedding inclined upstream, soft sediment deformation structures and massive sandstone on the erosion surface were also important marks of a tidal bore deposit. Problems existing in current research were discussed and some suggestions were proposed. Various methods and technology should be used to perfect tidal bore facies model, and research on diagenesis and reservoir features of sandbody formed by tidal bore should be strengthened in the future. Sandbody formed by tidal bore of different types (breaking tidal bore and undular tidal bore) should be distinguished to deepen the understanding of their various hydrodynamic conditions and reservoir scale. Tidal bore is significant geological process in estuary zone, and deposits formed by it makes great influence on the geomorphology of this area, which should be paid more attention.     

库车河铜场水库的人工合成基岩地震动加速度时程

针对所承担工程任务的要求,采用目前较为成熟的数值计算方法,将根据地震危险性分析计算得到的库车河铜场水库的地震动参数（３ 种概率水平）转换成模拟的地震动加速度时程。因为计算中直接采用了新疆地区乌恰强余震频谱,合成的基岩地震动加速度时程很好地反映了该地区的工程特性     

Influence of matric suction on nonlinear time-dependent compression behavior of a granular fill material

Acta Geotechnica - The site formation for the construction of a new airport in a mountainous region is typically performed by cutting and filling a hill section. The fill materials are subjected to...     

Current Status of Global Ocean Reanalysis Datasets

With the development of the ocean satellite remote sensing technology, the reanalysis of past oceanic observations using modern data assimilation technique and the restructuring of the long-term and consistent gridded data products have made great progress. Such datasets provide us with the most primary research tools to identify the state and evolution of ocean, and understand the role of ocean in climate change and variability at different spatial-temporal scales. In this paper, the current research status in the global reanalysis datasets including some of international global ocean reanalysis projects and the corresponding reanalyzed products were systematically reviewed. In addition, the present status of the domestic research of ocean reanalysis datasets was briefly introduced. The validation of the reanalysis datasets and some quality problems represented by the reanalyzed products, and the Ocean Reanalyses Intercomparison Project were systematically reviewed. Moreover, the prospects of the studies of oceanic reanalysis in the future were also discussed in this paper.