云南省元谋干热河谷的土壤系统分类

应用土壤系统分类的原理和方法，研究了元谋干热河谷主要土壤的土壤铁铝特性、弱腐殖质化（层）特性、变性特征、岩性特征等诊断特性。据此提出了当地高级分类单元的土壤系统分类（草案）。分析了主要土壤的剖面特征和理化性状，并对亚类以下分类问题提出了看法。     

河流污染带的随机模拟方法

根据随机理论，推导了一个描述污染带变化的概率模型，并采用Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ抽样法对其求数值解。该随机模型的解是一个随机物，实例计算表明，它的解能够反映任一计算点的浓度变化趋势及范围，并能够给浓度等值线附加上概率的意义，表现了在不确定因素的影响下，污染带随机变化的情况。     

Nitrogen and sulfur species in Antarctic aerosols at Mawson,Palmer Station,and Marsh (King George Island)

High volume bulk aerosol samples were collected continuously at three Antarctic sites: Mawson (67.60° S, 62.50° E) from 20 February 1987 to 6 January 1992; Palmer Station (64.77° S, 64.06° W) from 3 April 1990 to 15 June 1991; and Marsh (62.18° S, 58.30° W) from 28 March 1990, to 1 May 1991. All samples were analyzed for Na⁺, SO ₄ ^2– , NO ₃ ^– , methanesulfonate (MSA), NH ₄ ⁺ ,²¹⁰Pb, and⁷Be. At Mawson for which we have a multiple year data set, the annual mean concentration of each species sometimes vary significantly from one year to the next: Na⁺, 68–151 ng m^–3; NO ₃ ^– , 25–30 ng m^–3; nss SO ₄ ^2– , 81–97 ng m^–3; MSA, 19–28 ng m^–3; NH ₄ ⁺ , 16–21 ng m^–3;²¹⁰Pb, 0.75–0.86 fCi m^–3. Results from multiple variable regression of non-sea-salt (nss) SO ₄ ^2– with MSA and NO ₃ ^– as the independent variables indicates that, at Mawson, the nss SO ₄ ^2– /MSA ratio resulting from the oxidation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) is 2.80±0.13, about 13% lower than our earlier estimate (3.22) that was based on 2.5 years of data. A similar analysis indicates that the ratio at Palmer is about 40% lower, 1.71±0.10, and more comparable to previous results over the southern oceans. These results when combined with previously published data suggest that the differences in the ratio may reflect a more rapid loss of MSA relative to nss SO ₄ ^2– during transport over Antarctica from the oceanic source region. The mean²¹⁰Pb concentrations at Palmer and Marsh and the mean NO ₃ ^– concentration at Palmer are about a factor of two lower than those at Mawson. The²¹⁰Pb distributions are consistent with a²¹⁰Pb minimum in the marine boundary layer in the region of 40°–60° S. These features and the similar seasonalities of NO ₃ ^– and²¹⁰Pb at Mawson support the conclusion that the primary source regions for NO ₃ ^– are continental. In contrast, the mean concentrations of MSA, nss SO ₄ ^2– , and NH ₄ ⁺ at Palmer are all higher than those at Mawson: MSA by a factor of 2; nss SO ₄ ^2– by 10%; and NH ₄ ⁺ by more than 50%. However, the factor differences exhibit substantial seasonal variability; the largest differences generally occur during the austral summer when the concentrations of most of the species are highest. NH ₄ ⁺ /(nss SO ₄ ^2– +MSA) equivalent ratios indicate that NH₃ neutralizes about 60% of the sulfur acids during December at both Mawson and Palmer, but only about 30% at Mawson during February and March.     

TRAJECTORY DIAGNOSIS OF AIR PARCELS IN HIGH-AND LOW-LEVEL JETS FOR A HEAVY RAINFALL CASE DURING MEIYU SEASON OF 1991

Trajectory diagnostic methods were used to analyze air parcels of high-and low-level jets during the heavy rainfall of 4-6 July 1991.It is found that air parcels above rainfall area travelled from the entrance of the high-level jet,passing through the jet center and reached the exit region.Upper tropospheric divergence over rainfall area resulted from decelerative motion of the jet flow.Warm and moist southwest flow converged and ascended ahead of the low-level jet.The decreasing of low-level pressure as a result of high-level divergence that caused the low-level jet became unexpectedly strong.     

早期左心功能不全的一种CT征象——胸膜下区宽带状影的研究

早期左心功能不全的诊断目前仍较困难,作者在部分病人的胸部CT 图象上发现一种胸膜下区宽带状影与早期左心功能不全有密切关系,表现为两肺背部呈带状的模糊影象,这种胸膜下宽带状影对诊断早期左心功能不全,尤其是舒张功能有一定的临床意义。     

再论波动方程反演波速问题——波的反射与透射公式

本文是文[1]的续篇,讨论由波动方程(?)Q/(?)t~2=v~2(x)△Q 反演波速v(x)的方法是否近似可用。作者指出,在非均匀介质条件下用此波动方程不能正确描述波的传播特性,因它不能保证弹性力在间断面上连续。以双层介质为例,分别从此方程及原始波动方程出发推导波的反射与透射公式,得到不同的反射系数与透射系数表达式。二者相差很大,不可能是近似关系,因此从波动方程直接反演波速函数的方法是不可取的。     

内蒙古呼盟地区地震活动的基本特征

通过对内蒙古呼盟地区地震活动的研究,认为呼盟地区震中分布较稳定;存在20年左右地震活动周期;震源机制两节面分布相对比较稳定,P、T轴近水平向;地震破裂是以水平滑动为主。将来呼盟地区的地震活动主体地区为博克图、满洲里一带,震级为5级左右。     

测量平差抗差化和效率分析

本文从充分利用可能得到的信息的观点出发,讨论了测量平差的抗差性和优效性及其他们之间的关系。阐述了抗差估计理论和经典估计理论的本质区别。提出了测量平差抗差化的基本原则,并对几种估计的抗差能力和效率作了比较。