关于露天矿山边坡稳定性管理研究的若干问题讨论

本文从科学管理的角度,讨论了露天矿山边坡稳定性管理研究的目的意义;详细论述了边坡稳定性管理研究的基本内容;并探讨了边坡岩体滑坡预报和治理加固时机问题,对保证露天矿山的安全生产具有现实意义。     

基于MSA特征的遥感图像多目标关联算法

遥感图像中多目标关联存在以下两个问题:一是低时间分辨率观测使得目标状态信息无法准确估计,基于Kalman滤波的多目标关联算法不再适用;二是基于图像特征的目标关联算法又无法处理大场景观测中多个目标关联引起的模糊性.针对上述问题,提出一种基于多尺度自卷积特征匹配和关联代价矩阵最优化的多目标关联算法.实验表明该算法对遥感图像中多目标关联问题具有一定的适用性.     

新疆东部-甘肃北山地区二叠纪玄武岩对比研究及其构造意义

通过对新疆东部三塘湖盆地、甘肃北山柳园地区以及邻区二叠纪玄武岩的地球化学特征对比研究，认识到新疆东部-甘肃北山地区及邻区二叠纪形成的系列断陷带内，同期产生的玄武岩具有不同的地球化学特征和岩浆来源，其形成的统一动力学机制主要是可能由于造山带增厚的岩石圈大范围拆沉而导致的大范围亏损地幔部分熔融岩浆和源自上、下地幔边界的小型地幔柱岩浆的作用。这种地幔柱不是核幔边界深部地幔柱的成因，而可能是早期俯冲洋壳的分离掉落后，中亚造山带范围内可能在上、下地幔之间存在更广泛的部分熔融岩浆的原因。由造山带增厚岩石圈大范围拆沉作用而导致的大范围亏损地幔部分熔融岩浆和源自上、下地幔边界的小型地幔柱岩浆的作用，可能是中亚造山带二叠纪深部壳幔作用最壮观的表现方式。同时也以大范围玄武岩喷发、裂谷、大规模后造山幔源花岗岩和超镁铁岩的侵位以及大规模成矿作用而成为独特的“中亚型造山带”而有别于其它造山带。     

再分析资料和陆面数据同化资料土壤湿度产品在中国北方地区的适用性评估

土壤湿度是地球系统模拟的重要参数之一,准确获得其时空分布和变化特征是研究陆-气相互作用的基础。再分析资料和陆面数据同化资料均可提供全球或区域高分辨率土壤湿度产品,但在使用前需要对其进行评估分析。利用土壤湿度观测数据,计算ERA5、ERA5-Land、NCEP-DOE R2、CRA40再分析资料和GLDAS-Noah、GLDAS-CLSM、CLDAS陆面数据同化资料土壤湿度产品与观测数据的中位数、模拟偏差、相关系数等统计指标,并分季节和气候区讨论不同土壤湿度产品在中国北方地区的模拟效果。结果表明：整体来看,CRA40与观测值的相关性最好,ERA5和ERA5-Land分别对干中心、湿中心模拟效果更好,GLDAS-Noah对于较干土壤地区模拟略偏湿,CLDAS对较湿土壤地区模拟结果以系统性偏干为主,NCEP-DOE R2和GLDAS-CLSM模拟效果较差;ERA5、ERA5-Land、NCEP-DOE R2、GLDAS-Noah和CLDAS在所有季节均为模拟正偏差,春季模拟效果较好的是CRA40、ERA5-Land,夏季和秋季ERA5-Land、ERA5和CRA40与观测值相关性较好,不同产...     

新疆阿尔泰塔拉特铁铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因

塔拉特铁铅锌矿位于新疆阿尔泰造山带南缘的阿巴宫多金属成矿带,矿体赋存于克兰盆地下泥盆统康布铁堡组中,为一套海相中酸性火山岩-火山碎屑岩、陆源碎屑沉积岩-碳酸盐岩建造,脉状矿体受阿巴宫大断裂次级断裂控制.根据矿物组合和脉体穿插关系,塔拉特铁铅锌矿可分为4个成矿阶段:矽卡岩,氧化物,硫化物和碳酸盐阶段,后3个阶段均有石英共生.其中,硫化物(方铅矿-闪锌矿±磁黄铁矿±黄铜矿)阶段是铅锌成矿的主要阶段.不同阶段石英中广泛发育流体包裹体,可分为水溶液包裹体(W型)、纯CO2包裹体(PC型)、CO2-NaCl-H2O包裹体(C型)及含子矿物多相包裹体(S型)4类.冷热台显微测温和激光拉曼分析表明,氧化物阶段石英含有4种类型的包裹体,以W型为主,C型和S型包裹体次之,包裹体均一温度介于271～ 426℃,W型和C型盐度范围0.5％～22.4％ NaCleqv,S型包裹体盐度30.5％ ～40.6％ NaCleqv;硫化物阶段的石英流体包裹体为W型、C型和PC型,均一温度为204 ～ 269℃,盐度介于0.2％～15.6％ NaCleqv之间;碳酸盐阶段的矿物只含W型包裹体,均一温度集中在175～211℃之间,盐度为1.1％ ～9.9％ NaCleqv.利用C型包裹体对硫化物阶段成矿压力估算,得到107 ～ 171MPa,对应深度为4～6km.塔拉特铁铅锌矿初始成矿流体具有高温、高盐度、富CO2的特征,但碳酸盐阶段低盐度、贫CO2,流体不混溶和混合作用导致了成矿物质的沉淀.塔拉特铁铅锌矿的地质和成矿流体特征显示其为碰撞造山体制形成的矽卡岩型成矿系统.     

江西相山铀矿田地貌剥蚀特征及其控矿意义——磷灰石裂变径迹证据

本文以数字高程(DEM)地貌特征分析为基础,采用磷灰石裂变径迹测试和温度-时间反演模拟研究,分析江西相山铀矿田铀成矿后剥蚀程度的差异性,结合已知矿床的成矿特征,探讨地貌剥蚀程度与矿体保存之间的关系,为区域找矿提供指导.通过DEM合成图像和水系分布特征,表明相山铀矿田是一个遭受中等侵蚀的地貌区,相山主峰南北和东西侧地貌侵蚀差异特征明显.统计分析表明,已经发现的铀矿床、点的分布与次级火山机构关系密切,相山南部的次火山机构剥蚀较深,西部次火山机构剥蚀相对弱,而北部和西北部则处于中等剥蚀程度.磷灰石裂变径迹测试结果表明,相山铀矿田的南部和东部开始剥蚀的时间早于西部,但晚于相山主峰的剥蚀.利用磷灰石的裂变径迹长度和温度参数,进一步开展了温度-时间的反演模拟研究,结果显示相山西部快速隆升发生于40~60 Ma之间,相山南部和东部的快速隆升发生于60~75 Ma之间,相山主峰的快速隆升发生于75~100 Ma之间,表明相山主峰、相山东部及南部较西部经历了较长时间的剥蚀.结合现今区域地质体出露特征及铀矿化蚀变类型的空间展布规律、成矿深度的估算等,推测相山铀矿田东部和南部剥蚀程度较深,早期可能形成的中低温铀矿体被剥蚀殆尽;北部剥蚀程度中等,地表出露了形成深度稍深的碱交代蚀变矿床;而西部剥蚀程度较低,地表发育浅部低温成矿的酸交代蚀变铀矿床.据此推断,相山铀矿田的西部深部具有很好的找矿潜力.     

Geographical distribution of ecological footprint and sustainability analysis for Liaoning Province

This paper presents the detailed results and analyses on the ecological footprints and bio-capacities of the individual cities and the province as a whole for the year 2001, providing a clear picture of sustainability for the province. Results show that the ecological footprints of most cities in Liaoning exceeded their respective bio-capacities, incurring high ecological deficits. The ecological deficit of the province as a whole was 1.31 ha/cap. Those cities with resources extraction and/or primary material-making as their major industries constitute the "ecologically black band", whose ecological deficits ranged from 2.45 to 5.23 ha/cap, the highest of all cities in the province. Fossil energy consumption was the major source of footprint amounting to 1.63 ha/cap at the provincial level, taking up 67.3% of the total. For cropland, modest ecological surpluses occurred in Jinzhou, Tieling, Huludao, and Panjin while modest ecological deficits in Dalian, Benxi, Fushun, and Dandong, resulting in an overall surplus for the province. Liaoning had a certain level of surplus in fishing ground (water area), mainly distributed in the coastal cities of Dalian, Panjin, Huludao, Yingkou, Jinzhou, and Dandong. Most cities had a small ecological deficit in pasture and all had a small ecological surplus in forest. The eco-efficiency, expressed as GDP value per hectare of footprint, exhibits high variations among the cities, with the highest (Shenyang) more than 10 times the lowest (Fuxin). Cities with manufacture, high-tech, and better developed service industries had high eco-efficiency, while those with resources extraction, primary material-making, and less developed service industries had low eco-efficiency. Based on the components and geographical distribution of ecological footprint, strategic policy implications are outlined for Liaoning's development toward a sustainable future.     

A tree‐ring width based drought reconstruction for southeastern China: links to Pacific Ocean climate variability

We present a drought reconstruction for southeastern China based on a tree‐ring width chronology of Cryptomeria fortunei developed from two sampling sites in central Fujian. A reconstruction of July–February drought variability, spanning AD 1855–2011, was developed by calibrating total tree‐ring width data with the self‐calibrating Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI). The reconstruction was verified against an independent data set, and accounts for 36% of the actual scPDSI variance during the period 1955–2011. Relatively dry intervals were reconstructed between AD 1859–1880, 1899–1911, 1927–1933, 1946–1959, 1964–1970 and 1987–1997. Relatively wet conditions prevailed during 1855–1858, 1881–1898, 1912–1926, 1934–1945, 1960–1963, 1971–1986 and 1998–2011. Comparisons between our scPDSI reconstruction and a moisture‐sensitive tree‐ring width record from Vietnam revealed consistencies between the two data sets, suggesting similar drought regimes. Spectral peaks of 2.2–6.4 years may be indicative of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity, as also suggested by the significant correlations with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the eastern equatorial and southeastern Pacific Ocean and an extreme event analysis. The analysis of links between our scPDSI reconstruction and the large‐scale regional climatic variation shows that there is a relationship between regional drought variation and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) intensity.     

McCreary和Fickian湍扩散形式差异的分析

用矩阵方法,求解McCreary和Fickian铅垂向湍扩散形式下,无界海洋条件时在风应力和深层浮力作用下的线性解。得出不同的湍扩散系数A情况下McCreary与Fickian湍扩散形式的流场结构。指出随湍扩散系数的增加,McCreary和Fickian湍扩散形式下u分量结构及其量值差异增大。在Fickian湍扩散形式下,能量穿越密度跃层的传递能力较强。当A=0.1cm~2s~(-3)时,在风应力和深层浮力作用下两种湍扩散形式造成流场的差异很小。提出在小湍扩散系数下,用McCreary湍扩散形式研究热带海洋环流,其结果和Fickian形式应相当一致。     

造山带岩石圈化学结构平面图的编制——以秦岭—大别造山带为例

国内外岩石圈化学组成的编图研究还处于探索阶段。笔者从岩石圈化学结构的思路出发 ,提出了编图的 3个地球化学指标 (铅同位素组成、T2DM 和同位素年代学 )和表示方法。以秦岭—大别造山带为例 ,同位素组成图可以反映构造分区和地壳生长历史 ,对造山过程和深部壳幔相互作用也有明确的显示 ;结合地质年代学的资料 ,化学结构平面图具有反映时空演化四维信息的能力。