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991.
Lateral Bearing Capacity of Modified Suction Caissons Determined by Using the Limit Equilibrium Method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The modified suction caisson (MSC) adds a short-skirted structure around the regular suction caissons to increase the lateral bearing capacity and limit the deflection. The MSC is suitable for acting as the offshore wind turbine foundation subjected to larger lateral loads compared with the imposed vertical loads. Determination of the lateral bearing capacity is a key issue for the MSC design. The formula estimating the lateral bearing capacity of the MSC was proposed in terms of the limit equilibrium method and was verified by the test results. Parametric studies on the lateral bearing capacity were also carried out. It was found that the lateral bearing capacity of the MSC increases with the increasing length and radius of the external skirt, and the lateral bearing capacity increases linearly with the increasing coefficient of subgrade reaction. The maximum lateral bearing capacity of the MSC is attained when the ratio of the radii of the internal compartment to the external skirt equals 0.82 and the ratio of the lengths of the external skirt to the internal compartment equals 0.48, provided that the steel usage of the MSC is kept constant. 相似文献
992.
Tomohiro Nakamura Takahiro Toyoda Yoichi Ishikawa Toshiyuki Awaji 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(1):41-60
A steady quasi-geostrophic 2.5-layer model, forced by both Ekman pumping and a mass source/sink situated at the western boundary
has been constructed to investigate the effect of diapycnal transport due to convection in the Okhotsk Sea and tidal mixing
at the Kuril Straits on the intermediate layer in the North Pacific. The model illustrates a combined effect of the wind-driven
and mass-driven circulations. First, net mass input induces a “barotropic” mode inter-gyre flow along the western boundary
through the dynamical influence of Kelvin waves. This flow creates characteristic curves (geostrophic contours) that facilitate
inter-gyre communication through the western boundary layer from the location of the mass source to the subtropical gyre.
Due to the effect of wind-driven circulation, the offshore part turns eastward into the interior, encircles the outer rim
of the region (which would otherwise be the pool region in the absence of mass input), and then encounters the western boundary.
Eventually, the water fed into the lower layer flows mostly along this path and later flows away to the equatorial region.
Conversely, in the upper layer, water is fed from the equator to the subtropics, and to the subpolar interior region through
the western boundary current. The water then circulates along the outer rim and is absorbed into the mass sink. The model
is controlled mainly by three nondimensional parameters: (1) the ratio of net mass input rate to the maximum Sverdrup transport
(Q/T
Sv
max
), which affects the inter-gyre communication by altering the paths of geostrophic contours, (2) the ratio of a mass input
rate into the lower layer to that in total (Q
2/Q), which controls the vertical structure of the inter-gyre flow, and (3) the measure of the wind forcing effect relative to
the β effect, which determines the horizontal extent of the area influenced by the mass input. The other parameter regimes with
respect to Q/T
Sv
max
and Q
2/Q are also presented. 相似文献
993.
Jae-Hun Park Kathleen A. Donohue D. Randolph Watts Luc Rainville 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(5):709-717
The distribution of deep near-inertial waves (NIWs) is investigated using data mainly from an array of 46 near-bottom acoustic
current meter sensors spanning a 600 km × 600 km region as part of the Kuroshio Extension System Study during 2004–2006. The
deep NIW distribution is interpreted in the context of both upper-layer and near-bottom mapped circulations. The wintertime-mean
mixed-layer NIW energy input, modeled from observed wind stress, has the same range of values north and south of the Kuroshio
Extension in this region. Yet, the wintertime-mean deep NIW energy distribution reveals a sharp factor-of-5 decrease from
north to south of the Kuroshio jet. This direct observational evidence shows that the Kuroshio Extension blocks the equatorward
propagation of NIWs. The NIW energy that does reach the sea floor within the subset of wintertime observations in the subtropical
gyre arrives with patchy spatial and temporal distribution. Elevated NIW energy in deep water is associated with anticyclones
in the deep barotropic flow and unassociated with upper layer eddies. 相似文献
994.
Keun-Hyung Choi Sung-Mi Lee Sang-Min Lim Mark Walton Gyung-Soo Park 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(3):307-317
Yellow Sea tidal flats are internationally recognised for their contribution to biological diversity and yet are under enormous
pressure from reclamation, pollution and overexploitation. The benthic macroinfauna community is the dominant community on
these tidal flats and a reliable indicator of benthic environmental changes. We surveyed the current benthic macroinfauna
community of the Ganghwa Southern Tidal Flat, the largest remaining Korean mud flat in the Yellow Sea, in order to examine
changes in the environmental situation of this benthic ecosystem. The results show a significant decline in species diversity
from the last survey made in 2003, and a shift in species composition with appearances of polychaetes indicative of pollution
and physical disturbances and other opportunistic species becoming dominant in both density and biomass. The benthic community
shift observed during the two study periods may be associated with increased nutrient pollution as well as increased physical
disturbances in this area. However, we recognise the limitations of the data both in frequency and scope but believe the significant
changes to the composition of the benthic fauna are sufficient to warrant concern. Observations are required to examine the
extent to which these human activities induce benthic community shift in this tidal flat. 相似文献
995.
The impact of the Alaskan Stream (AS) eddies on the chlorophyll a (chl-a) distribution in the central subarctic North Pacific
was investigated through analysis of chl-a and altimetry data from satellite observations. Altimetry observations provided
the locations of mesoscale eddies in time and space within the maps of chlorophyll distributions. The climatological chl-a
distributions averaged in the area and time showing presence of AS eddies suggested that AS eddies contributed significantly
to the chl-a distribution in the deep-sea region of the subarctic North Pacific. The chl-a distribution was closely related
to the AS eddies regardless of whether the eddy was located in or detached from the AS. A combination of two or three AS eddies
sometimes formed high chl-a concentration belts that injected chlorophyll and coastal nutrient-rich waters southward from
the Aleutian Islands far into the deep-sea region of the subarctic North Pacific. These results indicate that chl-a distribution
in the central subarctic North Pacific was strongly impacted by AS eddies. 相似文献
996.
Bathymetry enhancement by altimetry-derived gravity anomalies in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kwang Bae Kim Yu-Shen Hsiao Jeong Woo Kim Bang Yong Lee Yi Kyun Kwon Chang Hwan Kim 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2010,31(4):285-298
The gravity-geologic method (GGM) was used to enhance the bathymetry of the East Sea (Sea of Japan) with satellite altimetry-derived
free-air gravity anomalies and shipborne depth measurements. By comparison with the bathymetry model of Smith and Sandwell’s
(SAS) approach (1994), GGM was found to have an advantage with short wavelength (≤12 km) components, while SAS better predicts
longer wavelength (≥25 km) components, despite its dependency on density contrast. To mitigate this limitation, a tuning density
contrast of 10.25 g/cm3 between seawater and the seafloor was primarily estimated by the downward continuation method and then validated by the check
points method with GGM. Similarly, SAS is limited by the “A” value in low-pass part of the Wiener filter, which defines the effective range of the wavelength components on bathymetry.
As a final result, we present an enhanced GGM bathymetry model by integrating all available data. 相似文献
997.
998.
为研究北部湾地区海砂填料的动力特性,采用高级动态三轴测试系统开展循环荷载下的动三轴试验,研究不同围压及不同动应力幅值对海砂动力特性的影响规律。试验结果表明:轴向累计应变随围压增加而减小,围压150 kPa时振次10 000后应变仅为3%;随着动应力幅值的增大轴向累积应变随之增大,且达到破坏标准的时间越短。动弹性模量随着动应力幅值和围压的增加而增大,不同围压下动弹性模量随动应变的增加出现先骤减再略减后稳定的发展趋势,εd>0.3%后开始趋于稳定;不同动应力幅值下动弹性模量出现先增后减直至稳定的趋势,其中动应力幅值对动弹性模量有明显的影响,围压影响相对较小。孔压比随动应力幅值增加而减小,随围压增加而增加。 相似文献
999.
Weather in the North Gulf of Alaska is characterized by a high frequency of deep synoptic-scale low-pressure systems, especially during the cold season. The strong pressure gradients of these storms interact with the extremely rugged terrain of the coastal mountains to produce a variety of channeled flows. These surface wind regimes are not well documented in the scientific community, due to the paucity of observations. Modeling of these phenomena in regions of complex terrain is of great interest to those working with hydrodynamic, wave, and pollutant transport models in coastal and shelf areas. Such models, when coupled with ocean and coastal-ecology counterparts, give a broad view of the role surface winds play in shaping local coastal marine ecosystem in this region. This paper presents a climatology of simulated low-level wind jets over the domain of Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait along Alaska's south-central coast. Daily simulations using the RAMS model were conducted in a 36-h forecast mode for the cold-season period 10/1/03 to 3/31/04. Systematic analysis of the resulting simulated low-level wind field makes it possible to characterize these jets and gap flows in spatial and temporal detail. The comparison between the RAMS winds and the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-derived winds when available verifies the existence of these wind jets and the capability of the model to simulate these cases. Clearly, the results of a study in this region depend on the fidelity of the model at these scales (O[5 km]). The SAR comparisons attempt to help establish this. From the 6 months of simulations over Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait, the low-level wind jets are classified into 10 different regimes by location and orientation. These regimes are categorized into four more general groups: cross-channel westerly, easterly, and up and down Inlet flows. The nature of a particular regime is largely a function of pressure gradient orientation and local topography. Jets in the same group have a similar occurrence distribution with time. Some form of jet occurred in the study region almost daily each month of the period, with December 2003 having the highest frequency of wind jets. 相似文献
1000.
Brandt J. C. Snow M. Yi Y. Larson S. M. Mikuz H. Petersen C. C. Liller W. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,90(1-4):15-33
The plasma tails of comets clearly show the demarcation of the solar wind into distinct equatorial and polar regions (Brandt
and Snow (2000), Icarus
148, 52–64).The boundary is determined by the maximum extent in latitude of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). The observational
record contains many well-observed equatorial comets, but observations of comets in the polar region are relatively rare.
In addition to its size and brightness, comet Hale–Bopp had an orbital inclination of 89.4° and was well observed for months
in the polar region. We document the comet's large-scale appearance throughout the apparition, including the polar region
and its transition into the equatorial region. The bright dust tail hampered observations of the plasma tail, particularly
near the head, but images taken with a CO+ filter show a very large disconnection event (DE) on May 7 and May 8, 1997. The time of disconnection is estimated at approximately
May 4.0. This DE is associated with a crossing of the HCS. The model calculations of the HCS indicate that other crossings
might have occurred in late April, but given the uncertainty in the calculation, the comet might have missed the HCS. Sparse
observational coverage and the bright dust tail prevent further investigation of the potential earlier HCS crossings. The
plasma tail shows anomalous orientations at the highest latitudes and possible explanations are discussed. 相似文献