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Norihisa Usui Tsuyoshi Wakamatsu Yusuke Tanaka Nariaki Hirose Takahiro Toyoda Shiro Nishikawa Yosuke Fujii Yasushi Takatsuki Hiromichi Igarashi Haruka Nishikawa Yoichi Ishikawa Tsurane Kuragano Masafumi Kamachi 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(2):205-233
We produced a four-dimensional variational ocean re-analysis for the Western North Pacific over 30 years (FORA-WNP30). It is the first-ever dataset covering the western North Pacific over 3 decades at eddy-resolving resolution. The four-dimensional variational analysis scheme version of the Meteorological Research Institute Multivariate Ocean Variational Estimation system (MOVE-4DVAR) is employed to conduct a long-term reanalysis experiment during 1982–2012. After evaluating the basic performance of FORA-WNP30, the interannual to decadal variability is analyzed. Overall, FORA-WNP30 reproduces basic features in the western North Pacific well. One of outstanding features in FORA-WNP30 is that anomalous events such as the Kuroshio large meander and anomalous intrusion of the Oyashio in the 1980s, when there were no altimeter data, are successfully reproduced. FORA-WNP30 is therefore a valuable dataset for a variety of oceanographic research topics and potentially for related fields such as climate study, meteorology and fisheries. 相似文献
63.
Evaporation from the desert: Some preliminary results of HEIFE 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As part of a feasibility study for HEIFE, a Sino-Japanese Cooperative Research Program on Atmosphere-Land Surface Processes in Heihe River Basin, fluxes of water vapour are estimated above and below the sand surface. It is found that during the daytime under clear skies, the water vapour flux is directed towards the surface from both the atmosphere above and the sand below. 相似文献
64.
The mean structure within the internal boundary layer (IBL) near the shore, which develop from the coast in the presence of a sea breeze, has been described in Part I of this study (Ogawa and Ohara, 1984). This paper presents the results of the similarity and energy budget analysis for the purpose of parameterization of the turbulent structure within the IBL. The analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy balance, turbulent intensities and spectra show that the wind is strongly affected by mechanical turbulence in comparison with the past results in a fully developed convective layer where thermal convection dominated. The standard deviations of the wind velocities normalized by the friction velocity u
* (surface-layer scaling parameter) are functions only of the normalized height z/Z
i
within 160 m of the shoreline, where Z
i
is the IBL. On the other hand, the standard deviations of temperature normalized by * (mixing-layer scaling parameter) have less scatter with distance than those normalized by T
* (surface-layer scaling parameter). The data showed that both u
* (not a mixed-layer parameter), and Z
i
(not a surface-layer parameter) are necessary to describe the turbulent characteristics of the IBL near the shore.Deceased March, 1984. 相似文献
65.
A field experiment to measure the turbulent structure of the internal boundary layer near the shore was conducted using three instrumented meteorological poles, a kytoon, and a crane-mounted ultrasonic anemometer-thermometer, as well as three reference ultrasonic anemometer-thermometers positioned near the poles. Part 1 of this study gives the explicit details and general characteristics for one run of the experiment. Part 2 (Ohara and Ogawa, 1984) will present a similarity and energy budget analysis. The mean velocity profiles showed that there was wind speed acceleration due to the sea-land temperature difference. In addition, the velocity profiles consisted of three distinct regions; the region near the ground had the largest gradient followed by a transition zone which had a small velocity gradient, while above, the profile resembled the oncoming sea breeze. In general, the turbulence was greatest near the shore, gradually decreasing inland. The lowest region had large turbulence intensities and the transition region had some intermittent turbulence characteristics between the lower strong unstable layer and the relatively turbulent-free region above.Deceased March 1984.Present address: The Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Yoyagi, Tokyo 151, Japan. 相似文献
66.
Near-surface wind velocities were measured on an array of anchored spar buoys in the East China Sea in February 1975 as a part of the Japanese AMTEX '75 (Air Mass Transformation Experiment), a subprogram of GARP. These data were used to determine the effects of atmospheric convection associated with mesoscale convective cells (MCC) on near-surface winds over the ocean. When MCC were present, a peak occurred in the near-surface wind spectrum in the so-called spectral gap. 相似文献
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