新疆成矿理论和找矿突破的若干新进展——敬祝陈毓川院士从事地质工作六十周年和八十华诞

陈毓川院士自1977年在新疆从事铁矿研究迄今近40年来,尤其是近年来仍然坚持每年赴新疆考察研究和指导工作,在新疆成矿理论创新和地质找矿重大突破中做出了重大贡献.在他带领和指导下,开展了新疆成矿系列4个专题研究和1∶150万《新疆维吾尔自治区矿床成矿系列图》编制和出版工作;圆满地完成了新疆固体矿产两轮成矿区划和矿产资源潜力评价,促使新疆成矿理论研究成果居全国领先水平;在国家科技攻关“305”项目中发挥了技术指导的核心作用,主持了4个重大课题(专题)的研究,出版了6部学术专著,有1项获得新疆维吾尔自治区科技进步一等奖;在新疆新一轮固体矿产普查、新一轮国土资源大调查、21世纪新疆“358”专项、新疆深部找矿专项、新疆地质勘查中央基金专项等方面也起到了关键性的技术指导作用,促进了新疆地质找矿重大突破,为把新疆建设成我国重要战略资源基地做出了突出贡献.     

Dynamics of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in relation to nitrification along simulated dissolved oxygen gradient in sediment–water interface of the Jiulong river estuarine wetland,China

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a very important factor controlling the nitrogen cycle in wetlands. However, it is still unclear to what extent the presence of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), and related nitrification, are influenced by DO in estuarine wetlands. The aims of this study were to determine changes of nitrification at the sediment–water interface, to examine the abundance and diversity of archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers in estuarine sediments, and to identify the correlation between nitrification and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms along a simulated dissolved oxygen gradient in a Chinese estuarine wetland. The results showed that the nitrification rate was positively correlated with the diversity and abundance of AOA but not AOB, and the abundance and diversity of AOA can explain 87 % of the total variance of the first axes in the redundancy analysis. This indicates that AOA were primarily involved in ammonia oxidation in this study. Additionally, AOB were much more influenced by DO than AOA inferred from the assessment of dominant species and principal coordinates analysis of AOA and AOB. Higher diversity and abundance of AOA occurred in the mangrove sediments, which explain the higher nitrification rates in the mangrove sediments compared to the bare mudflat sediments. Notably, the trend of nitrification rate in the bare mudflat sediments was different from that in the mangrove sediments, suggesting that the extent of nitrification as impacted by DO depends largely on the sediment biotic and nutrient properties, and its environmental conditions including DO levels.     

赤道大洋驻波异常及其年际变化的理论分析

本文采用赤道β平面近似下的线性化正压扰动方程组,引入约化重力加速度后,得到了赤道驻波异常的解析解,给出了此解的计算结果,并与实际热带太平洋和印度洋流场异常复EOF分析的模态做了比较,得到以下主要结论:赤道驻波异常的模态1,其流场异常在整个大洋为半波,呈一致的纬向流;流场异常在热带大洋中部最大,并向赤道南北两侧迅速衰减,...     

基于数值模型的肥城市地下水源地保护区划分

在北方隐伏岩溶分布地区,许多城市开发利用岩溶地下水资源作为饮用水水源,但利用数值模型方法进行岩溶水饮用水源保护区划分的工作较少。以山东省肥城市城区水源地为例,采用数值模型方法,构建地下水流数值模型,并采用质点追踪技术对岩溶水饮用水源保护区进行了划分。一级保护区面积1.53 km2,二级保护区面积28.4km2,准保护区面积约272.9 km2,全部位于肥城市辖区内。此次划定的保护区范围比之前划定的保护区范围更合理、准确,有利于加强地下水资源的管理和保护。     

试用灰色建模作登陆我国东南沿海的热带气旋预报

根据1970—2003年的热带气旋资料，采用GM(1，1)灰色模型，建立预报方程，对历年来登陆我国东南沿海的热带气旋个数偏多的年份进行模拟和试报，经检验效果良好。在此基础上，对未来登陆我国东南沿海热带气旋个数偏多的年份进行了预报，结论是2009年和2010年为灾变年份，即在这2年中登陆我国东南沿海的热带气旋个数将大于等于10个。     

不同地形高程数据对青海夏季气温和降水模拟准确度的影响

基于SRTM 90 m、USGS 30 s地形高程数据及青海气象台站实际海拔高度数据,分析了采用不同高度数据对青海地区2014年夏季气温和降水模拟准确度的影响。采用国家基本观测站的气象观测资料对模拟结果进行检验,结果表明:相对于台站实际海拔高度,模式地形总体偏高,青海南部和祁连山区海拔较高地区及青海东部地形梯度较大地区尤甚。相对于模式自带的原始地形数据,除青海东部外,其余大部分地区SRTM高程数据给出的模式地形高度增加。采用SRTM高程数据对气温影响较小;模式中引入青海气象台站海拔高程数据对于最高气温的模拟准确率提高显著,青海南部及祁连山区海拔较高地区以及黄南、海南中部地形梯度较大地区模拟和实测数据偏差减少显著,模拟的最低气温改善不如最高气温明显。同时采用SRTM高程数据及引入气象台站实际海拔高度数据对青海海西中部及东部地区降水改进较为明显。     

Low temperature eclogite facies rocks discovered in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis: Poly-cyclic metamorphic evolution and implications

We report the first occurrence of poly-cyclic high-pressure low-temperature (HP-LT) rocks from the easternmost Indus-Yarlung suture zone, formed during subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. Petrology, mineral composition and P–T pseudosection modelling reveal two low-temperature eclogite facies metamorphic events with an initial high-pressure P–T condition of 16.4–18.7 kbar and 510–520°C, exhumation to 10.5–12.0 kbar and 580–590°C and a subsequent second high-pressure P–T condition of ~16 kbar and ~560°C and exhumation to ≤9 kbar and ≤600°C. This history implies a complex ‘yo-yo type’ P–T path. In situ monazite dating and textural relationships show that late-stage exhumation, cooling and garnet breakdown occurred at c. ~25–22 Ma. We interpret the first burial event to represent subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean at the eastern Indus-Yarlung suture zone. Initial exhumation, reburial and final exhumation represent material transport in a large-scale convective circulation system in the subduction channel. Convective overturn in the subduction channel evidently serves both as a mechanism to produce poly-cyclic metamorphism and to exhume LT eclogite facies rocks.