基于高分辨率遥感影像的1∶2000地形图更新

以高分辨率遥感影像QuickBird来更新1∶2000大比例尺地形图为例,分析遥感影像处理、数据格式转换和地图更新方法的关键技术及流程,着重在遥感影像和数字线划图叠加配准的基础上对地形图更新进行研究,并对更新后的地形图进行精度评定。该方法具有快速、准确、经济等优点,是大比例尺地形图更新的发展方向之一。     

碳酸盐岩区断裂构造的水文地质性质研究─—以天津蓟县山前断裂为例

研究系统边界及其性质是认识岩溶水系统结构特征和地下水运动规律的基础工作之一,也可为进一步建立水文地质概念模型和水资源评价数学模型提供依据。本文利用断层岩性质及溶蚀作用特征、裂隙发育特征、水化学特征、岩溶水同位素特征、水动力场等方面资料,相互补充,相互印证,详细论证了蓟县地区岩熔水系统的重要边界之一──蓟县山前断裂的水文地质性质。研究结果认为:蓟县山前断裂总体上是属于透水断层,局部地段由于所处构造部位和含水层结构不同而呈阻水性质。      

南太湖区域表层沉积物中有机氯化合物及重金属污染现状

对南太湖水域表层沉积物中的19种有机氯化合物及6种重金属的含量、分布及其生态风险进行了研究和评价.所测样品中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)含量范围分别为0.51 -4.98、1.49-15.15ng/g(dw),与国内其它水域沉积物中OCPs、PCBs的含量相比处于较低水平.OCPs中的主要污染物是α-六...     

L波段对不同盐类土壤的微波介电特性分析

 土壤盐碱化是世界面临的一大难题。微波遥感探测土壤具有优势,L波段对土壤含水量和含盐量较为敏感。为了分析不同盐类对土壤介电特性的影响,本文利用L波段(1.43 GHz)微波谐振腔测量了我国盐碱土中普遍存在的3种盐类(NaCl,Na₂SO₄,NaHCO₃)土壤样品的介电常数,研究了土壤介电常数与含水量、含盐量和盐种类的关系。得出结论:实部主要由土壤的含水量决定,含盐量对实部的影响无明显规律;虚部值随含水量和含盐量的增加而增大;3种盐类土壤介电常数虚部随含盐量变化呈现不同的递增趋势,在含盐浓度一定的条件下,虚部值是ε″ _NaCI>ε″ _NaHCO3>ε″ _Na2SO4;在某一含盐量点3种盐类土壤虚部随含水量变化的斜率不同,以此能将3种盐类区分。该研究为建立含不同盐类土壤介电常数模型和微波遥感监测土壤盐碱化提供了实验的依据。     

ERA-Interim���Ϻ�NeQuick�����ģ������D-InSAR�������Ŀɿ����о�

????ROI_PAC????????????????ALOS PALSAR 474?????4?????????ERA-Interim?????NeQuick?????????????ж?????????????????????????????λ???????5??GPS?????????????????б????????????????????????????D-InSAR???ó?????λ????侭????????????????????????λ?????GPS??????????????????0.104 m?????????????0.057 m,???????????????????????????????D-InSAR?????????????     

三维地震勘探在山东省黄县煤田梁家煤矿海上煤田的应用

山东省黄县煤田梁家煤矿扩大区位于滩涂区和海水区结合处,该区域无法采用同一种震源和统一的观测系统,为取得更为准确的野外资料,提出了野外工作根据试验结果采用2种震源和微变观测系统;室内处理前进行子波一致性处理;解释工作在SUNULTR60工作站上进行,根据实际情况进行分析解释。最终取得了较为显著的地质效果。     

Probabilistic characterization of cyclic shear modulus reduction for normally to moderately over-consolidated clays

Evaluation of the cyclic shear modulus of soils is a crucial but challenging task for many geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil dynamic issues. Improper determination of this property unnecessarily drives up design and maintenance costs or even leads to the construction of unsafe structures. Due to the complexities involved in the direct measurement, empirical curves for estimating the cyclic shear modulus have been commonly adopted in practice for simplicity and economical considerations. However, a systematic and robust approach for formulating a reliable model and empirical curve for cyclic shear modulus prediction for clayey soils is still lacking. In this study, the Bayesian model class selection approach is utilized to identify the most significant soil parameters affecting the normalized cyclic shear modulus and a reliable predictive model for normally to moderately over-consolidated clays is proposed. Results show that the predictability and reliability of the proposed model out performs the well-known empirical models. Finally, a new design chart is established for practical usage.     

移动对象轨迹索引技术研究

对时空数据库中移动对象进行有效存取、查询和更新的关键技术在于索引。深入分析了移动对象轨迹限制索引和非限制索引中的各种索引技术,最后讨论了移动对象索引技术研究中的问题并对未来方向进行了展望。     

协同主动学习和半监督方法的海冰图像分类

海冰遥感光谱影像分类中标签样本难以获取,导致海冰分类精度难以提高,但是大量包含丰富信息的未标签样本却没有得到充分利用,针对这种情况,提出一种协同主动学习和半监督学习方法用于海冰遥感图像分类。在主动学习部分,结合最优标号和次优标号、自组织映射神经网络以及增强的聚类多样性算法来选择兼具不确定性和差异性的样本参与训练;在半监督学习部分,利用直推式支持向量机,并且融合主动学习思想从大量未标签样本中选取相对可靠且包含一定信息量的样本进行迭代训练;然后协同主动学习分类结果和半监督分类结果,通过一致性验证保证所加入伪标签样本的正确性。为了验证方法的有效性,分别采用巴芬湾地区30 m分辨率的Hyperion高光谱数据(验证数据为15 m分辨率的Landsat-8数据)和辽东湾地区15 m分辨率的Landsat-8数据(验证数据为4.77 m分辨率的Google Earth数据)进行海冰分类实验。实验结果表明,相对其他传统方法,该协同分类方法可以在只有少量标签样本的情况下,充分利用大量未标签样本中包含的信息,实现快速收敛,并获得较高的分类精度(两个实验的总体精度分别为90.003%和93.288%),适用于海冰遥感图像分类。     

Identifying key environmental factors influencing spatial variation of water quality in upper Shitoukoumen Reservoir Basin in Jilin Province, China

Based on the observed data in monitored drainage areas and GIS spatial analysis tools, watershed basic database of Shitoukoumen Reservoir Basin was built. The multivariate analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of water quality, identify the key environmental factors and their patterns influencing the spatial variation of water quality, and determine the main types and forms of the non-point source (NPS) pollutant export controlled by the key environmental factors. The results show that different patterns of environmental factors lead to great changes in water quality at spatial and seasonal scales. All selected environmental factors explain 64.5% and 68.2% of the spatial variation of water quality over dry season and rainy season, respectively, which shows clear seasonal difference. Over dry season, residential land is the most important environmental factor, which possesses 35.4% of the spatial variation, and drainage area is the second key environmental factor, which possesses 17.0% of spatial variation in the total variance. Over rainy season, slope length and drainage area are the key environmental factors, which possess 29.3% of the spatial variation together. Residential land influences nitrogen export by changing NH₄ ⁺-N and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) discharge over dry season, and drainage area controls phosphorus export by regulating dissolved phosphorus (DP) drainage over dry season and phosphorus associated particulate (PAP) loss over rainy season, respectively. Although slope length is an important environmental factor, it does not influence NPS pollutant export. It is interesting that soil organic matter, as a minor environmental factor, highly determines phosphorus and nitrogen export by enhancing the DP, PAP and PON loss.