岩石受热后的强度,变形破坏特性的微观研究

本文对砂岩、灰岩、大理岩在不同温度条件下的单轴抗压强度进行了实验研究,并对岩石在各种温度下结构变化进行了镜下分析,探讨了岩石受热后的破裂机理,定性定量地分析了岩石裂纹随温度变化而发展的规律。研究和分析结果表明:在热应力和外应力的作用下,随着温度增加,砂岩单轴抗压强度有增加的趋势,而灰岩、大理石的强度则有所降低。温度对这几种岩石的变形和破坏特性也有很大影响。     

湘西花垣地区下寒武统清虚洞组生物丘钙藻形态群与环境群带的划分及意义

生物作为一种举足轻重的判别沉积环境的标志,已为广大沉积学者所公认。然而,这种标志是通过古生物与其有亲缘关系的现代生物的生活环境的对比及可靠的相标志互为验证而得到的。对于那些早已绝种而无法与现代生物生活环境参照对比的生物来说,研究形态群与环境的关系显得格外重要而有意义。     

High-frequency interference waves in low strain dynamic testing of X-section concrete piles

Stress waves propagate along vertical, radial and circumferential directions when a non-uniformly distributed load is applied at one end of a three-dimensional shaft. As a result, the receiving signals are usually mixed with undesired interference components, often featuring as high-frequency fluctuations. Previous studies have revealed that sectional geometry(shape and size) greatly affects the high-frequency interference. In this study, low strain dynamic testing on full-scale X-section concrete is conducted in order to investigate the influences of high-frequency interference on velocity responses at the pile head. Emphasis is placed on the frequency and peak value of interference waves at various receiving points. Additionally, the effects of the geometrical, and mechanical properties of the pile shaft on high-frequency interference are elaborated on through the three-dimensional finite element method. The results show that the measured wave is obscured by interference waves superposed by two types of high-frequency components. The modulus and cross-sectional area are contributing factors to the frequency and peak value of the interference waves. On the other hand, the position with the least interference is determined, to some extent, by the accurate shape of the X-section.     

北方半干旱区典型湖泊——岱海透明度遥感反演(2013-2020年)

水体的透明度是评价水质的重要指标,在水生态系统中起着重要的作用.借助遥感技术可以获得大范围、实时数据,并且有节省人力物力的优点.本文利用岱海的野外实测透明度数据和光谱数据,针对Sentinel-2 MSI和Landsat-8 OLI卫星数据波段设置,建立了岱海水体透明度反演模型.结果 表明:1)本文建立的透明度反演模型...     

不同方法对青海2020年强降水模式产品预报性能的检验对比

基于多模式降水格点预报资料、青海省气象站实况资料及多源融合降水格点分析产品,针对青海省2020年7—8月强降水天气个例,采用TS(threat score)评分等传统检验方法和FSS(fraction skill score)评分及MODE(method of object-based diagnostic evaluation)空间检验方法,对比检验各模式在青海强降水中的预报性能。结果表明：(1)小雨及以上量级,欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)和美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)全球模式、中国气象局全球同化预报系统(CMA-GFS)及GRAPES区域中尺度数值预报系统(GRAPES-Meso)的传统TS评分均较高且预报能力相差不大,但不同检验方法下评分最高的模式略有不同;(2)中雨及以上量级,各模式预报较观测普遍偏西,且传统TS评分差异较为明显,但不同检验方法下模式评分优劣表现较为一致;(3)大雨及以上量级,各模式预报较观测普遍偏北,且预报能力较差,传统TS评分为0,FSS评分有效提高了模式差异性的评估能力,MODE方法则给出了预报和观测对象属性的具体表现,但对检验参数的选取较为敏感...     

基层台站气象信息传输监视业务系统设计与实现

根据地面测报业务改革后基层台站气象信息传输保障需求,按照模块化设计原理,利用FTP远程查询技术、远程数据库嵌套查询技术、桌面字幕显示技术、电脑音响控制技术、电话拨号技术、发送短信技术等多种编程技术,采用C＋＋Builder 60的面向对象编程技巧,开发了基层台站气象信息传输监视业务系统,实现对上行气象信息数据的实时监视。通过业务应用证实,系统运行稳定,能及时对用户进行有效提醒,保障了气象信息传输的可靠性,有效提高工作效率和业务质量。     

关于新旧《建筑物防雷设计规范》的对比分析

对新旧《建筑物防雷设计规范》（GB50057—1994）进行比较分析,找出了两者之间的差异,并对新规范的规定提出自己的见解。     

Research on Wide-field Imaging Techniques for Low-frequency Radio Arraytwo

Wide-field imaging of low-frequency radio telescopes is subject to a number of difficult problems. One particularly pernicious problem is the non-coplanar baseline effect. It will lead to distortion of the final image when the phase of $w$-direction called $w$-term is ignored. The image degradation effects are amplified for the telescopes with a wide field of view. This paper summarizes and analyzes several $w$-term correction methods and their technical principles. Their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed after comparing their computational cost and computational complexity. We conduct simulations with two of these methods, i.e., faceting and $w$-projection, based on the configuration of the first-phase Square Kilometre Array (SKA) low-frequency array. The resulted images are also compared with the result of the two-dimensional Fourier transform method. The results show that the image quality and correctness derived from both faceting and $w$-projection are better than the two-dimensional Fourier transform method in wide-field imaging. The effects of the number of facets and the $w$-direction step length on the image quality and running time are evaluated. The results indicate that the number of facets and the $w$-direction step length must be reasonable. Finally, we analyze the effect of data size on the running times of the faceting and $w$-projection algorithms. The results show that the faceting and $w$-projection algorithms need to be optimized before the huge amount of data processing. The research of the present paper initiates the analysis of wide-field imaging techniques and their applications in the existing and future low-frequency arrays, and will foster their applications in even broader fields.     

西北干旱区人工扰动植被类型花粉组合特征*

人类对现代植被的影响已经成为解释过去人类活动及其环境效应的关键问题。对西北干旱区40个农田和荒地表土样品花粉组合的研究表明：农田花粉平均浓度（7227粒/g）明显低于荒地（32704粒/g）;农田中农作物花粉含量高于荒地,但并不占绝对优势,农田花粉组合不仅反映农田本身的植被组成,而且还反映地方或区域植被组成状况;农田中灌木花粉含量低于荒地,杂草花粉类型比荒地丰富;藜科、蒿属、麻黄花粉都占有较高比例,普遍呈超代表性;不同的农作物花粉百分比指示该样品所在地或周围不同的农作物类型。聚类分析进一步表明了农田/荒地花粉组合特征的一致性：葡萄花粉在葡萄地的含量均相当高,而在其他植被类型中很少出现,花粉组合特征一致性较好;棉田棉花花粉含量低,其他植物花粉含量高,花粉组合特征与荒地相似,很难与荒地区分开来;如果农田和荒地比较接近,农田农作物花粉含量又比较低,则两种植被类型花粉组合特征就较为相似。     

星载合成孔径雷达成像处理

合成孔经雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)是当今微波遥感领域的研究热点,其全天候、全天时、高分辨率以及穿透地表等特点使其具备其他传感器不可比拟的优势,因此得到了极其广泛的应用。成像处理是SAR技术的核心部分。分析了星载SAR点目标回波信号模型和几种常用的星载SAR数字成像处理算法。以距离-多普勒算法为例,阐述了距离压缩和方位压缩的实质,详细讨论了多普勒参数估计、距离徙动校正和斑点噪声的去除等几个关键的问题。采用ERS-1卫星数据做了成像实验,并对SAR成像技术加以总结。