A Lagrangian particle random walk model for simulating a deep-sea hydrothermal plume with both buoyant and non-buoyant features

This paper presents a computational model of simulating a deep-sea hydrothermal plume based on a Lagrangian particle random walk algorithm. This model achieves the efficient process to calculate a numerical plume developed in a fluid-advected environment with the characteristics such as significant filament intermittency and significant plume meander due to flow variation with both time and location. Especially, this model addresses both non-buoyant and buoyant features of a deep-sea hydrothermal plume in three dimensions, which significantly challenge a strategy for tracing the deep-sea hydrothermal plume and localizing its source. This paper also systematically discusses stochastic initial and boundary conditions that are critical to generate a proper numerical plume. The developed model is a powerful tool to evaluate and optimize strategies for the tracking of a deep-sea hydrothermal plume via an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV).     

小清河口水质污染现状及富营养化评价

根据2009年8月、2010年5月和9月3个航次的监测数据,探讨了小清河口水质污染程度及富营养化状况。结果表明:小清河口水体污染严重,DO%平均值小于80%,其中盐度小于10的区域仅为40%;DIN平均值7.00mg/L,超过二类海水标准的23倍,CODMn平均值为7.98mg/L,是二类海水标准的2.6倍。亚硝酸盐浓度偏高,平均值大于0.1mg/L,最高值达0.55mg/L。易降解有机物占总有机物的比例为30%左右。综合营养状态指数法(TLI)评价显示,小清河口盐度小于15的水体TLI值大于70,处于重度富营养级,盐度15～25之间仍为中度至轻度富营养水平。因此小清河口污染治理十分迫切,应从源头加强对小清河口污染物排放的控制。     

Numerical Simulation of Rainfall-induced Xianchi Reservoir Landslide in Yunyang, Chongqing, China

A calamitous landslide happened at 22:00 on September 1, 2014 in the Yunyang area of Chongqing City, southwest China, enforcing the evacuation of 508 people and damaging 23 buildings. The landslide volume comprised 1.44 million m3 of material in the source area and 0.4 million m3 of shoveled material. The debris flow runout extended 400 m vertically and 1600 m horizontally. The Xianchi reservoir landslide event has been investigated as follows: (1) samples collected from the main body of landslide were carried out using GCTS ring shear apparatus; (2) the parameters of shear and pore water pressure have been measured; and (3) the post-failure characteristics of landslide have been analyzed using the numerical simulation method. The excess pore-water pressure and erosion in the motion path are considered to be the key reasons for the long-runout motion and the scale-up of landslides, such as that at Xianchi, were caused by the heavy rainfall. The aim of this paper is to acquired numerical parameters and the basic resistance model, which is beneficial to improve simulation accuracy for hazard assessment for similar to potentially dangerous hillslopes in China and elsewhere.     

Fluorescence discrimination and determination technique for phytoplankton composition by Coif2 wavelet packet

An in vivo fluorescence discrimination technique for phytoplankton population was developed by using Wavelet packet transform, cluster analysis and non-negative least squares. The technique was used to analyze water samples from different sea regions. For simulative mixtures, when dominant species account for 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% at the division level, the correct discrimination ratios (CDRs) are 83.0%, 99.1%, 99.7% and 99.9% with the relative contents of 58.5%, 68.4%, 77.7% and 86.3%, respectively; when the algae dominance are 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% at the genus level, the CDRs are 86.1%, 94.9%, 95.2%, 96.8% and 96.7%, respectively. For laboratory mixtures, the CDRs are 88.1% and 78.4% at the division and genus level, respectively. For field samples, the CDRs were 91.7% and 80% at the division and genus level, respectively (mesocosm experiments), and the CDRs were 100% and 66.7% at the division and genus level, respectively (Jiaozhou Bay). The fluorometric technique was used to estimate the phytoplankton community composition and relative abundance of different classes for the April 2010 cruise in the Yellow Sea with the results agreeing with those in published papers by other authors.     

Variability of suspended particulate matter in the Bohai Sea from the geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI)

This study assesses the performance of the Geostationary Ocean Imager (GOCI) for mapping of suspended particulate matter in the Bohai Sea, a turbid water region. GOCI imagery for remote sensing reflectance and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is analysed in detail for two days in June 2011 (8 images per day). Both instantaneous and daily composite maps are considered and a comparison is made with corresponding reflectance and TSS products from MODIS-AQUA. Results show TSS distributions corresponding to previous studies of the region. The advantage of the higher acquisition frequency (8 images/day instead of 1) offered by GOCI is clearly demonstrated in the daily composite which is more complete during this period of scattered but moving clouds. Consideration of temporal variation over the day indicates low natural variability but some artificial variability from processing errors ?? this analysis provides a first indication of how the higher frequency of data from geostationary ocean colour could lead to improved data quality control via temporal coherency outlier detection. While there is room for improvement on the GOCI calibration, atmospheric correction and retrieval algorithms, the current study suggests that the GOCI data can already be used now to study qualitatively sediment dynamics except in the extremely turbid waters which are masked out of the current dataset. In a wider context, it is considered that the technical challenges of geostationary ocean colour have been met by the GOCI concept, and, notwithstanding potential improvements on the concept and data processing methods, it is recommended that this mission serve as a model for future geostationary ocean colour sensors over Europe/Africa and the Americas.     

New records of Jurassic petrified wood in Jianchang of western Liaoning,China and their palaeoclimate implications

Diverse and rich fossil wood records have been documented from the Mesozoic of Liaoning Province, NE China. The Tiaojishan Formation(mainly distributed in Beipiao, Chaoyang, Fuxin and Jianchang regions) is one of the most significant horizons for the Jurassic petrified wood in Liaoning Province. Previously, wood fossils of this formation were mainly reported in Beipiao and Chaoyang regions, whereas fossil wood record was merely known in Jianchang region. Here we describe new fossil wood specimens from the Tiaojishan Formation in Jianchang County, western Liaoning. Two fossil wood taxa, i.e., Protaxodioxylon jianchangense Tian et Wang sp. nov. and Xenoxylon peidense Zheng et Zhang were recognized on the basis of anatomical features. These fossil wood records add new data for understanding the fossil wood diversity, floral composition and palaeoclimate of the Tiaojishan Formation. The occurrence of Xenoxylon and Protaxodioxylon implies a cool temperate, wet and seasonal climate condition with interannual variations during the Middle to Late Jurassic transition in western Liaoning region.     

城市中穆斯林流动人口的空间行为特征及动力机制研究——以兰州市回族、东乡族为例

城市流动穆斯林的流迁行为因加入了民族文化、民族传统与民族意识等变量而具有复杂性和特殊性。本文以兰州市回族、东乡族为例,研究了其流动穆斯林人口的流迁行为特征及驱动力,得出如下结论:①流动穆斯林的来源地构成单一,主要以周边少数民族地区为主;来源地具有典型的"核心—边缘"结构,交通牵引使该结构发生分异;②居住地选择具有"围寺而居,围寺而作"的特点,呈"大杂居、小聚居"的地缘结构;③兰州市流动穆斯林流迁行为驱动力方面,研究认为除了包括由于经济不平衡发展导致的来自兰州市的吸引"拉力"与来自流出地的"推力"外,宗教生活的便利性以及兰州市定居穆斯林与流动穆斯林之间民族的同质性也已成为影响穆斯林流入兰州市的重要推动力量。研究结果对于合理疏导少数民族的空间流动方向与规模具有一定的理论和现实意义。     

旅游与环境资源关系研究进展

在旅游学与环境资源领域相关SSCI/SCI期刊论文的基础上,分析了目前旅游与环境资源关系的研究现状,总结了当前研究的重点与不足.在此基础上明确指出了未来的研究方向.对于4个主要研究主题,旅游环境资源价值评估的理论基础需要进一步完善,应加强多种评估方法的集成应用以及人文旅游资源价值评估实践.关于旅游可持续与生态旅游,研究方法总体上定量化不足,方法应用比较局限,且研究内容不够丰富.所以内容充实与多种方法运用及定量化研究是今后研究的突破点.关于旅游与环境资源耦合关系研究,研究内容相对分散,环境对旅游的作用是研究的薄弱点,今后需要在旅游研究中多加考虑环境的作用,再者旅游与气候关系研究没有得到重视,所以应该多加考虑旅游与气候关系研究.以适应全球气候变暖大背景.环境资源管理方面旅游税、环境税以及环境保证或生态保证的研究,也是今后的研究重点.此外,研究主题需要进一步拓宽,研究视角应实现多样化,全面考虑社会科学与自然科学的相关学科视角并注意多视角综合研究.     

Pathways of mesoscale variability in the South China Sea

The propagation of oceanic mesoscale signals in the South China Sea (SCS) is mapped from satellite altimetric observations and an eddy-resolving global ocean model by using the maximum cross-correlation (MCC) method. Significant mesoscale signals propagate along two major bands of high variability. The northern band is located west of the Luzon Strait, characterized by southwestward eddy propagation. Although eddies are the most active in winter, their southwestward migrations, steered by bathymetry, occur throughout the year. Advection by the mean flow plays a secondary role in modulating the propagating speed. The southern eddy band lies in the southwest part of the SCS deep basin and is oriented in an approximately meridional direction. Mesoscale variability propagates southward along the band in autumn. This southward eddy pathway could not be explained by mean flow advection and is likely related to eddy detachments from the western boundary current due to nonlinear effects. Our mapping of eddy propagation velocities provides important information for further understanding eddy dynamics in the SCS.