对流层映射函数对陆态网解算精度的影响

对流层映射函数是卫星高度角及其他一些因素的函数,它的好坏直接影响对流层延迟改正的效果。本文介绍了NMF、VMF1及GMF 3种模型,采用2016年陆态网及周边IGS站数据,通过GAMIT软件计算对比分析了3种映射函数对陆态网解算精度的影响。结果表明,在进行陆态网解算时,3种映射函数模型精度差别不大,截止高度角为10°时精度最佳。     

引入国家基准站的北斗导航卫星精密定轨

卫星精密轨道的确定是北斗卫星导航系统位置与服务的核心技术之一,而国家基准站是影响卫星轨道精度的一个重要因素。本文基于中国测绘科学研究院国际GNSS监测与评估中心自主开发的软件计算国家基准站和MGEX站对北斗卫星精密定轨的影响。得出结果：加上国家基准站后GEO卫星轨道精度平均能达到2.0 m,比没有国家基准站时提高约14%,在GEO切向方向改善最为明显,大约提高30%。IGSO和MEO卫星也有所提高。加上国家基准站后,三类卫星的轨道重复弧段的径向精度优于5 cm。有了国家基准站数据BDS精密轨道会有明显的改善。国家基准站的建立使我国北斗导航卫星的服务能力有很大提高。     

北斗卫星导航系统实时定轨及SSR改正信息生成方法

随着GNSS应用的不断发展,实时位置服务已经成为国内外研究热点,而北斗卫星导航系统的实时服务尚处于发展阶段。本文基于卫星精密定轨基本原理,讨论了北斗导航卫星实时轨道确定策略;研究了基于北斗卫星质心和天线相位中心的SSR轨道改正值生成方法,并给出了一种适合北斗导航卫星的IODE值表达方式;基于国家基准站和全球MGEX站数据,进行了北斗导航卫星的实时轨道解算测试,结果表明,GEO卫星1D RMS精度优于400 cm,平均精度为223 cm,其径向精度优于20 cm;IGSO卫星精度优于30 cm,平均精度为22 cm,其径向精度优于10 cm;MEO卫星精度优于30 cm,平均精度为15 cm,其径向精度优于10 cm。     

海岛岸线遥感立体测图精细测量方法

提出了一种海岛岸线遥感测图精细测量新方法,该方法直接基于理论定义的海岸线,利用航空影像瞬时水涯线数据在立体测图环境中提取瞬时水位高程;利用海岛周边精密海潮模型和瞬时水位高程推算海岛岸线高程;最后依据海岛岸线高程,采用立体测图方法测制海岛岸线的平面位置。该方法确保了海岛岸线成果的唯一性和连续性,适合大比例尺的大陆海岸线和海岛岸线测量。测试结果显示,在较高精度海潮模型和海面地形支持下,海岛岸线高程精度优于0.2 m,可满足1：2000测图要求。     

川滇地区次级地块及其主要断裂带现今活动研究

以位于川滇区域的陆态网和四川省CORS站速度场为约束,结合研究区已知的断裂分布情况,通过使用欧拉矢量计算方法和反欧拉矢量计算方法求出每个次级块体的欧拉矢量,进而对川滇区域次级块体作进一步的调整。同时对该区域进行1°×1°的网格插值,并利用各次级地块的欧拉矢量反演出每个次级块体的长期运动方向及其速度;对相邻块体的边界处,结合各自块体的欧拉矢量求出同一点在2个块体的速度并作差,进而研究分析各主要断裂带的现今活动速率。     

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基于矩谐分析的航空重力向下延拓

提出基于矩谐分析的航空重力向下延拓方法,以重力扰动作为基本观测值,给出基于矩谐分析的向下延拓模型和算法。利用EGM2008重力位模型设计模拟数值试验,对比研究矩谐分析、直接法和基于广义岭估计的逆泊松积分法,分别采用这3种方法将飞行高度处含高斯白噪声的2.5′×2.5′重力扰动向下延拓至大地水准面,与真实值作外部检验。数值比较结果表明:矩谐分析在延拓精度、稳定性和边界效应等方面都要优于直接法和基于广义岭估计的逆泊松积分法,能取得良好的向下延拓效果。     

PCBs in Central Vietnam coastal lagoons: levels and trends in dynamic environments

PCBs were analysed in surficial sediments and selected sediment cores collected between 2002 and 2008 in Central Vietnam coastal lagoons. The aim was to determine contamination levels and trends, and to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic pressures and natural events. Samples were mostly fine-grained with low total PCB concentrations (0.367-44.7 μg kg⁻¹). Atmospheric transport and post depositional processes modify to some degree the fingerprint of PCB inputs to the environment favouring the predominance of 3, 4 and 5 chlorinated congeners. The similarity of congener distributions in contemporary surficial samples also suggests the presence of a unique source over the entire study area, probably connected to mobilisation and long range transports from land-based stocks. The removal of consistent sediment layers is hypothesised based on repeated samplings of the same area. Natural meteorological events (such as typhoons) are suspected to be responsible for these sediment losses.     

Temporal changes in Sphingomonas and Mycobacterium populations in mangrove sediments contaminated with different concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

The change in community diversity and structure of the indigenous, dominant, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacterial genera, Sphingomonas and Mycobacterium, due to contamination in the environment is not very well known. A combination of PCR-DGGE with specific primers and a cultivation-dependent microbiological method was used to detect different populations of Sphingomonas and Mycobacterium in mangrove sediments. The structure of the entire bacterial community (including Sphingomonas) did not show a shift due to environmental contamination, whereas the diversity of Mycobacterium populations in mangrove sediments with higher PAH contamination increased from exposure between Day 0 and Day 30. The isolated Mycobacterium strains migrated to the same position as the major bands of the bacterial communities in Mycobacterium-specific DGGE. A dioxygenase gene system, nidA, which is commonly found in PAH-degrading Mycobacterium strains, was also detected in the more highly contaminated sediment slurries. The present study revealed that Mycobacterium species were the dominant PAH-degraders and played an important role in degrading PAHs in contaminated mangrove sediments.