三峡水库蓄放水对地面重力变化的影响分析

针对目前对地面重力的影响分析多采用模拟计算,从而导致对蓄放水的影响范围和程度分析还存在不足的问题,该文利用资源三号(ZY-3)高分辨率多光谱遥感影像提取了三峡库区江河湖库水体数据,结合水位数据,通过负荷格林函数积分模型,计算出三峡水库蓄放水导致水位升降的过程中水体对地面重力变化的影响。研究发现:(1)以1a为周期,三峡库区库岸及长江近岸地面重力的变化趋势与水库的蓄放水时期对应;(2)三峡水库放水期间水位下降,水库库岸及长江近岸地面重力减小;蓄水期间水位上升,地面重力增大;(3)三峡水库蓄放水对库岸及长江近岸的地面重力影响最大可达1 000μGal以上,且距离长江中心线越近,地面重力变化越大。     

The Tibetan Plateau Surface–Atmosphere Coupling System and Its Weather and Climate Effects: The Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment

The Tibetan Plateau(TP) is a key area affecting forecasts of weather and climate in China and occurrences of extreme weather and climate events over the world. The China Meteorological Administration, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly initiated the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment(TIPEX-Ⅲ) in 2013, with an 8–10-yr implementation plan. Since its preliminary field measurements conducted in 2013, routine automatic sounding systems have been deployed at Shiquanhe, Gaize, and Shenzha stations in western TP, where no routine sounding observations were available previously. The observational networks for soil temperature and soil moisture in the central and western TP have also been established. Meanwhile, the plateau-scale and regional-scale boundary layer observations, cloud–precipitation microphysical observations with multiple radars and aircraft campaigns, and tropospheric–stratospheric air composition observations at multiple sites, were performed. The results so far show that the turbulent heat exchange coefficient and sensible heat flux are remarkably lower than the earlier estimations at grassland, meadow, and bare soil surfaces of the central and western TP. Climatologically, cumulus clouds over the main body of the TP might develop locally instead of originating from the cumulus clouds that propagate northward from South Asia. The TIPEX-Ⅲ observations up to now also reveal diurnal variations, macro-and microphysical characteristics, and water-phase transition mechanisms, of cumulus clouds at Naqu station. Moreover, TIPEX-Ⅲ related studies have proposed a maintenance mechanism responsible for the Asian "atmospheric water tower" and demonstrated the effects of the TP heating anomalies on African, Asian, and North American climates. Additionally, numerical modeling studies show that the Γ distribution of raindrop size is more suitable for depicting the TP raindrop characteristics compared to the M–P distribution, the overestimation of sensible heat flux can be reduced via modifying the heat transfer parameterization over the TP, and considering climatic signals in some key areas of the TP can improve the skill for rainfall forecast in the central and eastern parts of China. Furthermore, the TIPEX-Ⅲ has been promoting the technology in processing surface observations, soundings, and radar observations, improving the quality of satellite retrieved soil moisture and atmospheric water vapor content products as well as high-resolution gauge–radar–satellite merged rainfall products, and facilitating the meteorological monitoring, forecasting, and data sharing operations.     

地铁车站抗浮设计方法探讨

地铁车站抗浮设计是地铁设计的重要内容,对工程造价影响较大,但在设计参数、抗浮计算等方面一直存在争议.从工作经验出发,结合最新规范、专家意见,系统介绍了地铁车站抗浮设计涉及的抗浮水位选取、抗浮计算、抗浮措施等,阐述了个人对分歧的看法及原因,并根据地铁工程的特点,针对地铁车站抗浮设计时容易出现的问题提出了自己的方法和建议.     

Global,regional and local: new firm formation and spatial restructuring in China’s apparel industry

The rise of China as the ‘world factory’ has been attributed to the export-oriented industrialization largely driven by some fundamental transformations unfolding in China’s economic, political and cultural arenas, since the Reform and Opening-Up policies. As production costs and competitive pressures both rise, the flexible business environment that export-led production used to embed in has undergone dramatic restructuring and this has further pushed forward new rounds of spatial restructuring and industrial relocation, especially in China’s highly export-oriented apparel industry. Using a large firm-level dataset on new firm formation, we show the articulation of global, regional and local factors are shaping the new firm formation pattern and industrial relocation in interactional and collective ways. The econometric estimations also indicate the ways in which and the extents to which these factors affect firm location choice are highly determined by firm-specific capability.     

高铁开通对城市间出口产品结构相似度的影响研究

基于2008—2015年中国地级市尺度的出口产品数据,通过双重差分模型研究了高铁开通对城市间出口产品结构相似度的影响,并进一步分析其空间异质性。结果发现：① 开通高铁后,城市间出口产品结构会逐渐趋于相似,表明高铁开通在整体上促进了中国城市间的知识扩散和产业转移。② 高铁开通对城市间出口产品结构相似度的影响存在空间差异。具体表现为：高铁开通显著地提升了中等距离、分别处于城市群内外以及位于东部和中西部的城市之间的出口产品结构相似度。中国可以依托高铁建设实施差异化的区域发展战略,实现区域一体化。     

多维邻近性对区域创新合作网络形成的影响——基于江浙沪医学科研机构的实证

本文以Web of Science数据库的合著论文信息为基础构建江浙沪区域医学科研机构合作网络,采用计量分析与半结构化访谈相结合的方式从宏观和微观层面考察多维邻近性（地理邻近性、制度邻近性、社会邻近性、认知邻近性和文化邻近性）对该区域医学领域创新合作网络形成的影响,并进一步讨论了地理邻近性和非地理邻近性之间的交互效应（替代效应或互补效应）。综合定量与定性分析结果,研究发现：① 地理邻近性、制度邻近性、社会邻近性和认知邻近性对该区域医学创新合作网络的形成有促进作用,而文化邻近性的作用不显著;② 地理邻近性与制度邻近性之间存在替代效应;③ 地理邻近性与社会邻近性、认知邻近性之间均存在互补效应;④ 地理邻近性与文化邻近性之间不存在显著的交互效应。     

利用RD模型和DEM数据的高分辨率机载SAR图像模拟

本文提出一种利用DEM数据基于RD模型的SAR图像模拟方法.该方法选择了Muhleman后向散射系数模型模拟SAR图像的辐射特性,引入SAR成像中的RD模型直接进行几何变换和灰度重采样模拟出SAR图像的几何特征.实验结果分析表明:模拟的SAR图像和真实SAR图像在图像纹理和几何关系上是一致的,而且几何关系可以精确配准到均方根误差为1.3个像素.     

莱芜市钢城区农村建设用地整治工作分析

农村土地整治挖潜是乡镇企业发展解决用地瓶颈的重要举措,是落实科学发展观的具体体现,对于统筹城乡经济社会发展,加速改善农村面貌,实现城乡经济、社会、环境协调发展具意义重要。通过分析莱芜市钢城区农村土地整治挖潜的现状与问题,就今后如何做好农村建设用地整理、复垦提出建议。     

塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区古构造演化及其对奥陶系储层发育的控制作用

依据2D和3D地震资料解释及钻井分层数据得到的不同时代地层的残余厚度图和现今埋深图,在对主要构造不整合面剥蚀量恢复和去压实校正的基础上,采用古构造、古地貌恢复方法,利用盆地模拟软件(PetroMod10)计算了不同地层的在不同构造时期的古埋深和古厚度,系统深入研究了巴楚-麦盖提地区古构造演化历史,阐明了巴楚隆起与和田古隆起构造演化关系及迁移规律,结合奥陶系岩溶储层发育特征,探讨了古隆起演化与岩溶储层发育之间关系,建立了岩溶储层发育的构造演化模式,预测了奥陶系有利岩溶储层分布地区.结果表明:巴楚-麦盖提地区古构造演化经历了加里东期、海西期、印支-燕山期和喜山期等4个构造旋回阶段;不同时期古构造面貌受控于不同构造期的区域构造应力场变化,巴楚隆起是海西早期开始发育,显现出隆起的雏形,到喜山中期开始大幅度隆升,并最终定型.构造演化经历了二个阶段,即海西运动的隆起形成和喜山运动强烈隆升改造阶段,隆起位置迁移不明显,主要表现在隆起规模上的变化.而和田古隆起则是在加里东期-海西期发育的一个大型古隆起,现今呈现为一个向南倾斜的大型麦盖提斜坡带;构造演化经历了早加里东运动雏形形成、加里东中期-海西早期运动持续隆升、海西运动中晚期的沉降埋藏、印支-喜马拉雅运动期的掀斜消失等四个阶段,且古隆起位置在平面上发生了明显逆时针方向的迁移.受和田古隆起构造演化的控制,奥陶系发育了加里东中期、晚期和海西早期等三期风化壳岩溶,其中以海西早期岩溶最发育;玉北地区遭受了三期构造抬升剥蚀,为三期岩溶的叠置区,是巴楚-麦盖提地区岩溶储层发育的最有利地区.     

青藏铁路多年冻土区路基变形特征及其来源

基于青藏铁路多年冻土区34个路基监测断面2005－2011年的变形与地温资料,分析路基的变形特征及其来源。监测结果表明：①监测期累计变形量大于100 mm的断面均为普通路基,其变形主要来自路基下部因冻土上限下降而引起的高含冰量冻土的融沉变形以及融土的压密变形,其次为路基下部多年冻土因地温升高而产生的高温冻土的压缩变形。②监测期累计变形量小于100 mm的普通路基与块石结构路基断面,其变形主要来自路基下部多年冻土的压缩变形。③总体而言,块石结构路基变形量明显小于普通路基,从而验证了主动冷却措施的长期有效性。其研究结果可为冻土区路基稳定性判断及病害预警提供数据支持。