额仁淖尔地区钋法找矿效果

本文通过额仁淖尔地区钋异常晕分布形态、异常特征及其与铀矿化关系的探讨，指出半干旱草原荒漠区用快速、大面积土壤钋法区调成果，对盆地浅埋砂岩型铀矿成矿预测是有效果的。     

粤西大降坪黄铁矿床硫、铅同位素组成初步研究

大降坪黄铁矿床是产于云开隆起中段偏北震旦系海相碎屑岩-细碎屑岩中的层状硫化物矿床,矿床成因和海底喷气热水沉积作用有关,局部经受了后期热液的叠加改造。黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值在-25.55‰—+21.07‰之间,与矿石及黄铁矿中的有机碳含量呈反比。从条带状细粒黄铁矿到块状粗粒黄铁矿,亦即从南到北,硫同位素组成从富轻硫变为富重硫。条带状矿石的铅同位素组成与矿体围岩一致,为富放射成因上地壳源铅,块状矿石铅同位素组成较均一,三组铅同位素比值较条带状矿石略低,为原始沉积的矿石铅与热液带来基底混合岩铅的混合铅。     

上海地区桥梁工程地质勘察与评价

本文通过总结多年来桥梁工程勘察的实践经验,针对上海地区的工程地质特点,建造桥梁对勘察的要求,对桥梁墩、台基础型式,基础持力层的选择,地基土特性,勘察方法,土工试验项目的确定,勘察报告的编写等作了分析,论述 。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TURBIDITY CURRENT IN RESERVOIR

I. INTRODUCTIONWhen a sediment--laden flow reaches the backwater zone of a reservoir, the suddenreduction of flow velocity causes sediment particles to settle toward the river bed. Undercertain circumstsnces, it will plunge and form a layer of sediment--water mixture flowingbeneath the water surface. This flowing layer is called the turbidity current. A turbiditycurrent is relatively stable and has important impacts on reservoir sedimentation.In the case of deep reservoirs, due to temper…     

The phase velocities of Rayleigh waves and the lateral variation of lithospheric structure in Tibetan Plateau

According to a Sino-U. S. joint project, eleven broadband digital PASSCAL seismometers had been deployed inside the Tibetan Plateau, of which 7 stations were on the profile from Lhasa to Golmud and other 4 stations situated at Maxin, Yushu, Xigatze and Linzhi. Dispersions and phase velocities of the Rayleigh surface waves (10s–120s) were obtained on five paths distributed in the different blocks of Tibetan Plateau. Inversions of the S-wave velocity structures in Songpan-Ganzi block, Qiang-Tang block, Lhasa block and the faulted rift zone were obtained from the dispersion data. The results show that significant lateral variation of the S-wave velocity structures among the different blocks exists. The path from Wenquan to Xigatze (abbreviated as Wndo-Xiga) passes through the rift-zone of Yadong-Anduo. The phase velocities of Rayleigh waves from 10s to 100s on this path are significantly higher than that on other paths. The calculated mean crustal velocity on this path is 3.8 km/s, much greater than that on other paths, where mean crustal velocities of 3.4–3.5 km/s are usually observed. Low velocity zones with different thicknesses and velocities are observed in the middle-lower crust for different paths. Songpan-Ganzi block, located in the northern part of Tibetan Plateau is characterized by a thinner crust of 65 km thick and a prominent low velocity zone in the upper mantle. The low velocity zone with a velocity of 4.2 km/s is located at a depth form 115 km to 175 km. While in other blocks, no low velocity zone in the upper mantle is observed. The value of Sn in Songpan-Ganzi is calculated to be 4.5 km/s, while those in Qiang-Tang and Lhasa blocks are about 4.6 km/s. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, Supp., 566–573, 1992.     

Preliminary study of crust-upper mantle structure of the Tibetan Plateau by using broadband teleseismic body waveforms

As part of a joint Sino-U.S. research project to study the deep structure of the Tibetan Plateau, 11 broadband digital seismic recorders were deployed on the Plateau for one year of passive seismic recording. In this report we use teleseimic P waveforms to study the seismic velocity structure of crust and upper mantle under three stations by receiver function inversion. The receiver function is obtained by first rotating two horizontal components of seismic records into radial and tangential components and then deconvolving the vertical component from them. The receiver function depends only on the structure near the station because the source and path effects have been removed by the deconvolution. To suppress noise, receiver functions calculated from events clustered in a small range of back-azimuths and epicentral distances are stacked. Using a matrix formalism describing the propagation of elastic waves in laterally homogeneous stratified medium, a synthetic receiver function and differential receiver functions for the parameters in each layer can be calculated to establish a linearized inversion for one-dimensional velocity structure. Preliminary results of three stations, Wen-quan, Golmud and Xigatze (Coded as WNDO, TUNL and XIGA), located in central, northern and southern Plateau are given in this paper. The receiver functions of all three stations show clear P-S converted phases. The time delays of these converted phases relative to direct P arrivals are: WNDO 7.9s (for NE direction) and 8.3s (for SE direction), TUNL 8.2s, XIGA 9.0s. Such long time delays indicate the great thickness of crust under the Plateau. The differences between receiver function of these three station shows the tectonic difference between southern and north-central Plateau. The waveforms of the receiver functions for WNDO and TUNL are very simple, while the receiver function of XIGA has an additional midcrustal converted phase. The S wave velocity structures at these three stations are estimated from inversions of the receiver function. The crustal shear wave velocities at WNDO and TUNL are vertically homogeneous, with value between 3.5–3.6 km/s down to Moho. This value in the lower crust is lower than the normal value for the lower crust of continents, which is consistent with the observed strong Sn attenuation in this region. The velocity structure at XIGA shows a velocity discontinuity at depth of 20 km and high velocity value of 4.0 km/s in the midcrust between 20–30 km depth. Similar results are obtained from a DSS profile in southern Tibet. The velocity under XIGA decreases below a depth of 30 km, reaching the lowest value of 3.2 km/s between 50–55 km. depth. This may imply that the Indian crust underthrusts the low part of Tibetan crust in the southern Plateau, forming a “double crust”. The crustal thickness at each of these sites is: WNDO, 68 km; TUNL, 70 km; XI-GA, 80 km. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, Supp., 581–592, 1992.     

高光谱影像分类的深度少样例学习方法

针对高光谱影像分类面临的小样本问题,提出了一种深度少样例学习算法,该算法在训练过程中通过模拟小样本分类的情况来训练深度三维卷积神经网络提取特征,其提取得到的特征具有较小类内间距和较大的类间间距,更适合小样本分类问题,且能用于不同的高光谱数据,具有更好的泛化能力。利用训练好的模型提取目标数据集的特征,然后结合最近邻分类器和支持向量机分类器进行监督分类。利用Pavia大学、Indian Pines和Salinas 3组高光谱影像数据进行分类试验,试验结果表明,该算法能够在训练样本较少的情况下（每类地物仅选取5个标记样本作为训练样本）取得优于传统半监督分类方法的分类精度。     

松辽盆地东缘域地壳结构及其地质意义:深反射地震

松辽盆地东缘域位于松嫩—张广才岭微板块东部.自晚古生代以来该域经历了西拉木伦河缝合带闭合产生的北向挤压作用、蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋自西向东剪刀叉式闭合对其东侧东南侧产生的挤压作用以及西太平洋板块西向变向俯冲产生的挤压作用等区域构造应力场影响,从而产生了复杂的地壳变动.该东缘域的地壳结构与松辽盆地地壳是否具有相近的结构特点,这是至今未被研究的内容.在Songliao Drep研究中已经用深反射地震手段得到松辽盆地地壳结构的一组新认识.这些认识在其东缘域是否还成立,也需要用同样精度的手段予以研究.另外,莫霍界面的宏观特征与微观（内部）特征,从松辽盆地到其东缘域有什么样的变化,其形成机理是什么,也需要进一步研究.为了回答这些科学问题,从哈尔滨西至尚志市附近实施了一条东西向约150 km长的深反射地震剖面.通过研究发现东缘域与松辽盆地基底地壳具有明显的差别,即由松辽盆地地壳的三分性变到东缘域盆地外地壳的二分性,在剖面近东端得到近26 km深的莫霍界面深度,并用均衡理论分析莫霍界面形态特征的形成机理;上部地壳存在双向大型推覆断裂,推测其被推覆体主体是古亚洲洋沉积地层即C-P系海相地层.这些认识为中国东北地区探查晚古生代海相地层、研究东北亚地壳结构特征提供了理论依据.     

利用区域双差层析成像方法研究川滇南部地壳结构特征

本文联合使用云南、四川和贵州地震台网的85个地震台站在2008年1月—2017年12月期间记录的49130个地震、317366个初至Pg震相绝对到时数据和2674110条高精度的相对到时数据,采用区域双差地震层析成像方法联合反演了川滇南部地壳三维P波速度结构和39621个地震的震源参数,探究了川滇南部中下地壳流和腾冲火山区岩浆囊的分布特征.研究结果表明：（1）川滇南部上地壳的速度异常特征与地表地形密切相关;（2）小江断裂带的中下地壳存在一条绵延近二百多公里的低速异常结构,最南端受到红河断裂带的阻挡而终止于断裂带南段北侧,这可能是川滇南部的一条中下地壳流,低速异常结构在红河断裂带南段转而向南东流动反映了红河断裂带可能为川滇菱形块体的西南边界;（3）红河断裂带各段速度异常存在明显的差异,重定位后的震源分布显示红河断裂带中段和南段虽然不如北段地震活动强烈,但地震震源深度分布较北段深;（4）腾冲火山区西侧和北侧下方10~20 km深度范围内存在的低速异常体推测为通过怒江断裂带形成的岩浆通道从中地壳涌入上地壳的岩浆囊,可能反映了自更新世延续至今的以橄榄玄武岩和安山岩为主要岩性的壳内岩浆活动,持续的岩浆活动为地表热活动提供了主要动力.     

青藏高原东缘新生代隆升剥露与断裂活动的低温热年代学约束

青藏高原东缘作为高原生长的东边界,其新生代以来隆升剥露与扩展模式备受关注.高原内部平缓的地貌和边界构造带不显著的缩短变形被认为是下地壳流作用的重要证据.然而近年来,越来越多的低温热年代学研究结果表明,中-晚新生代以来跨不同断裂带存在显著的差异性隆升剥露,指示了断裂体系在青藏高原东缘构造变形与演化中的重要作用.本文系统收集区域内现有不同封闭温度体系的低温热年代学数据,综合分析结果表明青藏高原东缘隆升剥露及生长扩展与整个高原抬升具有准同步性.最为广泛和显著的剥露主要发生在~30 Ma以来,且高原东缘的最大侵蚀量区受控于断裂活动,快速侵蚀带的空间分布与鲜水河断裂带相一致.在区域尺度上,现有数据所揭示的剥露事件启动、持续时间及速率的显著差异性揭示了断层活动对青藏高原东缘地表剥露过程的控制作用.本文提出青藏高原向东扩展是多阶段、非均匀过程,新生代以来不同断裂带在青藏高原向东扩展过程中起到了至关重要的作用,不支持"下地壳流假说"强调的"东缘上地壳变形不显著"的认识.