全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16075篇 |
免费 | 3631篇 |
国内免费 | 5503篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 2795篇 |
大气科学 | 2649篇 |
地球物理 | 3069篇 |
地质学 | 9190篇 |
海洋学 | 3730篇 |
天文学 | 284篇 |
综合类 | 1449篇 |
自然地理 | 2043篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 186篇 |
2023年 | 497篇 |
2022年 | 988篇 |
2021年 | 1155篇 |
2020年 | 1016篇 |
2019年 | 1188篇 |
2018年 | 1018篇 |
2017年 | 1006篇 |
2016年 | 1008篇 |
2015年 | 1119篇 |
2014年 | 1112篇 |
2013年 | 1345篇 |
2012年 | 1424篇 |
2011年 | 1384篇 |
2010年 | 1305篇 |
2009年 | 1351篇 |
2008年 | 1350篇 |
2007年 | 1289篇 |
2006年 | 1175篇 |
2005年 | 897篇 |
2004年 | 658篇 |
2003年 | 521篇 |
2002年 | 526篇 |
2001年 | 510篇 |
2000年 | 380篇 |
1999年 | 190篇 |
1998年 | 110篇 |
1997年 | 90篇 |
1996年 | 73篇 |
1995年 | 53篇 |
1994年 | 48篇 |
1993年 | 38篇 |
1992年 | 35篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1965年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 10篇 |
1923年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
61.
国投新疆罗布泊钾盐有限责任公司在罗布泊罗中地区先后进行了20万t钾肥项目采输卤工程、盐田、试验加工厂及120万t钾肥项目盐田等工程建设,在建设过程中发现大量的地层浅表裂缝(简称浅表裂隙),其平面上分布具区域性,走向上具一定方向性,垂直方向延深依地质条件不同而不同,且具有裂缝壁面平直,倾角陡等特性。对工程建设具有一定的危害性。本文就罗中地区地层浅表裂隙的形态特征、空间分布规律、水文地质和工程地质特性及浅表裂隙的形成机理进行描述和分析,并针对其在工程建设中的危害性影响提出对策。 相似文献
62.
以准格尔丘陵沟壑区五分地沟流域为研究区,应用彩红外航片和IKONOS卫星影像,绘制了1987、2002年土地覆盖/植被类型图,并数字化基于地面土地利用调查绘制的1979年土地利用图.利用景观格局指数,评价了研究区土地覆盖/植被空间格局现状及土地覆盖类型动态变化;并以ETM 数据为信息源,绘制了2002年土地覆盖/植被类型图.研究表明:2002年研究区土地覆盖/植被呈现出一个耕地、草地、人工乔木林和人工灌木林以及种植稀疏灌木的草地高度镶嵌的景观格局特征;20年内土地覆盖类型发生了显著的变化,景观异质性增强.基于研究区景观的高度破碎化,绘制小流域精细尺度土地覆盖图,高空间分辨率遥感数据十分必要. 相似文献
63.
南昌地区建设用地空间扩展的广义转移概率模型建设与应用研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
对南昌地区城市发育约束因素的分析的基础上,基于非城市像元所处的城市化梯度、距离最近建成区斑块的距离、最近建成区斑块的规模、边缘像元的邻域水平等4个城市景观格局因子和道路及地形等两个社会经济和自然影响因子,构建了广义转移概率模型,并开展了相关的动态模拟研究。表明,与传统模拟方法相比,该模型具有比较理想的精度水平,模拟结果能够很好地反映南昌地区今后城市建设用地发展趋势,提出的模型手段改进设计获得了令人满意的效果,是对现行城市景观动态模拟研究工作的一个重要的方法论补充和完善。 相似文献
64.
65.
以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,天然凹凸棒石为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了TiO_2/凹凸棒石复合光催化剂,并用XRD、TEM对其进行表征.以亚甲基蓝染料为模拟污染物,采用300 W汞灯为紫外光源,以光催化实验来评价该催化剂的活性,并研究了H_2O_2的引入对光催化活性的影响.实验结果表明,H_2O_2能显著提高染料的脱色效率:亚甲基蓝的初始浓度为50 mg/L,催化体系为2 mmol/L H_2O_2+0.5 g/L TiO_2/凹凸棒石+UV(紫外线),光催化10 min后其脱色率为95%,相对于单独的0.5 g/L TiO_2/凹凸棒石+UV催化体系,其脱色率提高了约50%.全波段扫描显示,加入H_2O_2后,亚甲基蓝在290 nm对应的苯环吸收蜂急剧下降,665 nm对应的最大吸收峰则近乎消失,且没有新的吸收峰产生. 相似文献
66.
DING Guoan CHAN Chuenyu GAO Zhiqiu YAO Wenqing LI Yoksheung CHENG Xinghong MENG Zhaoyang YU Haiqing WONG Kamhang WANG Shufeng MIAO Qiuju 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)
The vertical structures and their dynamical character of PM2.5 and PM10 over Beijing urban areas are revealed using the 1 min mean continuous mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 at 8, 100, and 320 m heights of the meteorological observation tower of 325 m at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP CAS tower hereafter) on 10―26 August, 2003, as well as the daily mean mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 and the continuous data of CO and NO2 at 8, 100 (low layer), 200 (middle layer), and 320 m (high layer) heights, in combination with the same period meteorological field observation data of the meteorological tower. The vertical distributions of aerosols observed on IAP CAS tower in Beijing can be roughly divided into two patterns: gradually and rapidly decreasing patterns, I.e. The vertical distribution of aerosols in calm weather or on pollution day belongs to the gradually decreasing pattern, while one on clean day or weak cold air day belongs to the rapidly decreasing pattern. The vertical distributive characters of aerosols were closely related with the dynamical/thermal structure and turbulence character of the atmosphere boundary layer. On the clean day, the low layer PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were close to those at 8 m height, while the concentrations rapidly decreased at the high layer, and their values were only one half of those at 8 m, especially, the concentration of PM2.5 dropped even more. On the clean day, there existed stronger turbulence below 150 m, aerosols were well mixed, but blocked by the more stronger inversion layer aloft, and meanwhile, at various heights, especially in the high layer, the horizontal wind speed was larger, resulting in the rapid decrease of aerosol concentration, I.e. Resulting in the obvious vertical difference of aerosol concentrations between the low and high layers. On the pollution day, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the low, middle, and high layers dropped successively by, on average, about 10% for each layer in comparison with those at 8 m height. On pollution days, in company with the low wind speed, there existed two shallow inversion layers in the boundary layer, but aerosols might be, to some extent, mixed below the inversion layer, therefore, on the pollution day the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 dropped with height slowly; and the observational results also show that the concentrations at 320 m height were obviously high under SW and SE winds, but at other heights, the concentrations were not correlated with wind directions. The computational results of footprint analysis suggest that this was due to the fact that the 320 m height was impacted by the pollutants transfer of southerly flow from the southern peripheral heavier polluted areas, such as Baoding, and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Shandong Province, etc., while the low layer was only affected by Beijing's local pollution source. The computational results of power spectra and periods preliminarily reveal that under the condition of calm weather, the periods of PM10 concentration at various heights of the tower were on the order of minutes, while in cases of larger wind speed, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at 320 m height not only had the short periods of minute-order, but also the longer periods of hour order. Consistent with the conclusion previously drawn by Ding et al., that air pollutants at different heights and at different sites in Beijing had the character of "in-phase" variation, was also observed for the diurnal variation and mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 at various heights of the tower in this experiment, again confirming the "in-phase" temporal/spatial distributive character of air pollutants in the urban canopy of Beijing. The gentle double-peak character of the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 was closely related with the evident/similar diurnal variation of turbulent momentum fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and turbulent kinetic energy at various heights in the urban canopy. Besides, under the condition of calm weather, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 declined with height slowly, it was 90% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, a little lesser than 90% at the middle layer, and 80% at the high layer, respectively. Under the condition of weak cold air weather, the concentration remarkably dropped with height, it was 70% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, and 20%―30% at the middle and high layers, especially the concentration of PM2.5 was even lower. 相似文献
67.
68.
69.
70.
LIU Min HE HongLin YU GuiRui LUO YiQi SUN XiaoMin & WANG HuiMin Institute of Geographic Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Gradute School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing School of Geography Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,(2)
We present an uncertainty analysis of ecological process parameters and CO2 flux components (Reco, NEE and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE)) derived from 3 years’ continuous eddy covariance meas-urements of CO2 fluxes at subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation, Qianyanzhou of ChinaFlux. Daily-differencing approach was used to analyze the random error of CO2 fluxes measurements and bootstrapping method was used to quantify the uncertainties of three CO2 flux components. In addition, we evaluated different ... 相似文献