某办公楼变形原因浅析及对策--建筑物变形监测实例

作者就某办公楼发生倾斜及裂缝后 ,对其进行建筑物变形观测这一实例 ,就其观测方法和建筑物发生变形的原因进行了总结及分析 ,并提出了治理的对策 ,为该建筑物维修方案的制定提供了依据。     

栅格电子地图的无损压缩新方法

JBIG在压缩灰度或彩色图像时,需要将图像分解为多个位面,编解码效率低而且难以利用位面之间的相关性.文章提出了RBMA方法,首先将像素值转换为引用值,然后使用多重算术编码压缩引用值,避免了位面分解.实验表明,RBMA方法与JBIG相比不仅成倍提高了编解码效率,而且提高了约40％的压缩比.GIF以一维的形式编码像素,在处理相同颜色区域时存在字典条目长度增长缓慢的问题.本文提出的LZWB方法将具有相同颜色的区域特殊编码,只输出色块的颜色、色块宽度与高度.实验表明,LZWB提高了约20％的压缩比,解码速度约为GIF的3.7倍.     

An improved direction relation detection model for spatial objects

Direction is a common spatial concept that is used in our daily life. It is frequently used as a selection condition in spatial queries. As a result, it is important for spatial databases to provide a mechanism for modeling and processing direction queries and reasoning. Depending on the direction relation matrix, an inverted direction relation matrix and the concept of direction pre- dominance are proposed to improve the detection of direction relation between objects. Direction predicates of spatial systems are also extended. These techniques can improve the veracity of direction queries and reasoning. Experiments show excellent efficiency and performance in view of direction queries.     

Geoinformatics education in China

The paper gives an overview of the current status of education in geoinformatics in China. First, the paper provides a brief introduction to the history of geoinformatics education in China and a general review of the scientific and technological development. It then presents how the development affects the education and training in China. In the paper, universities and institutes in China that can award academic degrees related to geoinformatics are summarized, and undergraduate majors are briefly introduced. Next, the paper reports the work having been done by the national expert group on Surveying and Mapping, including the revision of discipline catalog and guide for graduate education and requirements. A list of typical curricula in geoinformatics education is suggested. Activities on promoting the graduate student exchange platform are presented. Finally, a case study of geoinformatics education in Wuhan University is discussed.     

基于GIS技术的我国大气可降水量分布研究

利用分布于全国范围内的125个气象探空测站点(每日8:00和20:00)的探空数据,应用数据库编程与GIS技术,对大气可降水量在全国的分布情况进行了分析,得到了2002年全年以及春夏秋冬4个季节(2001年12月和2002年1,2月作为冬季)的平均大气可降水量在全国的分布状况。对数据进行分析可知:在空间上,我国的大气可降水量总体呈东南多,西北及青藏高原地区少的分布状况。同时,由于地形组合状况的特殊性,导致四川盆地、天山北麓等地区的大气可降水量略高于其周围地区;在时间上,夏季的大气可降水量值较高,可达到62mm左右,冬季较少,而春秋季除局部地区外大气可降水量基本持平。     

基于多智能体技术的实时网络制图研究

为解决实时网络地图制图中产生的空间冲突问题,笔者应用多智能体技术,并结合创新性渐进式地图综合兴趣层理论,以旅游网络地图实时制图为例,将不同级别的空间数据分配到四种类型的智能体上,经过一系列空间转换,消除地图生成过程中产生的空间冲突。实践表明,这项研究一定程度上增强了地图的可读性,可以帮助用户更好地理解地理空间信息。     

地震灾害现象模式分析与识别

在介绍典型震后地质灾害现象的基础上,设计了利用遥感影像进行震后地质灾害模式识别的整体方案,以震后滑坡造成的道路损毁现象为例,分析其表现出的独有模式,提出了先对影像进行目视解译并利用纹理特征对分类结果进行再分类的识别方法。     

基于ArcGIS、MATLAB及Surfer的DGPS冰碛垄测量模拟对比

应用ArcGIS软件中的Topo to Raster工具、MATLAB软件中的人工神经网络及Surfer软件中自然邻点法,本文对使用差分GPS测量的青藏高原不同地区的冰碛垄数据进行了数字地貌模拟,从模拟精度、准确度、地貌晕渲、易操作性及后期定量分析等方面进行了分析对比。结果表明ArcGIS中的Topo to Raster工具较其他两种方法有较好的模拟精度;综合考虑各方面因素,ArcGIS软件在冰碛垄地貌的定量研究中具有优势。     

LiDAR DEM在平原区河网自动提取中的应用研究

利用数字高程模型(DEM)提取数字河网是水文模拟的关键和基础。本文分别利用传统方法与LiDAR生成的DEM数据源,针对地势起伏较小的江南平原区进行河网提取的对比研究。研究结果表明,未经任何处理的LiDAR DEM提取的河网与真实河网的匹配度达到67.34%,较传统DEM提取的河网与真实河网的匹配度有明显提高,提取结果与真实河网基本吻合。这种快速有效自动提取河网的方法,可以为后续分布式水文模型的构建提供重要参考。     

Designing thought,technical line and some theoretical issues on geospatial digital framework of China

Based on the developing tendency of present China's basic GIS, this paper discusses the designing idea for scales of 1∶10 000, 1∶50 000, 1∶250 000 and 1∶1 000 000 pyramidlike multi-layer and multi-resolution of the basic GIS. A technical line for the construction of basic GIS of the whole country and various provinces for sustainable development is put forward. And some important theoretical GIS issues touched by the technical process are discussed.