Genesis of the Changba–Lijiagou Giant Pb-Zn Deposit, West Qinling, Central China: Constraints from S-Pb-C-O isotopes

The extensive Changba-Lijiagou Pb-Zn deposit is located in the north of the Xihe–Chengxian ore cluster in West Qinling. The ore bodies are mainly hosted in the marble, dolomitic marble and biotite-calcite-quartz schist of the Middle Devonian Anjiacha Formation, and are structurally controlled by the fault and anticline. The ore-forming process can be divided into three main stages, based on field geological features and mineral assemblages. The mineral assemblages of hydrothermal stage I are pale-yellow coarse grain, low Fe sphalerite, pyrite with pits, barite and biotite. The mineral assemblages of hydrothermal stage II are black-brown cryptocrystalline, high Fe shalerite, pyrite without pits, marcasite or arsenopyrite replace the pyrite with pits, K-feldspar. The features of hydrothermal stage III are calcite-quartz-sulfide vein cutting the laminated, banded ore body. Forty-two sulfur isotope analyses, twenty-five lead isotope analyses and nineteen carbon and oxygen isotope analyses were determined on sphalerite, pyrite, galena and calcite. The δ34 S values of stage I(20.3 to 29.0‰) are consistent with the δ34 S of sulfate(barite) in the stratum. Combined with geological feature, inclusion characteristics and EPMA data, we propose that TSR has played a key role in the formation of the sulfides in stage I. The δ34 S values of stage II sphalerite and pyrite(15.1 to 23.0‰) are between sulfides in the host rock, magmatic sulfur and the sulfate(barite) in the stratum. This result suggests that multiple S reservoirs were the sources for S2-in stage II. The δ34 S values of stage III(13.1 to 22‰) combined with the structure of the geological and mineral features suggest a magmatic hydrothermal origin of the mineralization. The lead isotope compositions of the sulfides have 206 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 17.9480 to 17.9782, 207 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 15.611 to 15.622, and 208 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 38.1368 to 38.1691 in the three ore-forming stages. The narrow and symmetric distributions of the lead isotope values reflect homogenization of granite and mantle sources before the Pb-Zn mineralization. The δ13 CPDB and δ18 OSMOW values of stage I range from-0.1 to 2.4‰ and from 18.8 to 21.7‰. The values and inclusion data indicate that the source of fluids in stage I was the dissolution of marine carbonate. The δ13 CPDB and δ18 OSMOW values of stage II range from-4 to 1‰ and from 12.3 to 20.3‰, suggesting multiple C-O reservoirs in the Changba deposit and the addition of mantle-source fluid to the system. The values in stage III are-3.1‰ and 19.7‰, respectively. We infer that the process of mineralization involved evaporitic salt and sedimentary organic-bearing units interacting through thermochemical sulfate reduction through the isotopic, mineralogy and inclusion evidences. Subsequently, the geology feature, mineral assemblages, EPMA data and isotopic values support the conclusion that the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids were mixed with magmatic hydrothermal fluids and forming the massive dark sphalerite, then yielding the calcite-quartz-sulfide vein ore type at the last stage. The genesis of this ore deposit was epigenetic rather than the previously-proposed sedimentary-exhalative(SEDEX) type.     

国内外体育旅游研究评述

体育旅游已经成为旅游产业中增长最快的部份之一,体育旅游也变得越来越普遍。目前,国外体育旅游研究正朝规范化的道路发展,而中国仍处于体育旅游研究的初级阶段。通过比较分析国内外体育旅游的发展及其理论研究,对体育旅游的基本概念、分类、特点、学科属性及开发研究等问题进行了介绍和评述,从中总结出发展体育旅游的必要性、机遇及挑战。     

新疆阿尔泰造山带矿床成矿系列

在系统分析阿尔泰造山带成矿区（带）地质构造演化和成矿特点基础上,划分了４个矿床成矿系列、４个矿床成矿亚系列和６个矿床式。矿床成矿系列和亚系列的形成和分布受区域构造岩浆演化制约。阿尔泰造山带矿床成矿系列具有鲜明的晚古生代成矿作用特点。区域构造演化的规律和后期构造对早期构造的叠加,决定了矿床成矿系列的规律分布和局部复合。     

沉积岩中有机碳的测定

引言在沉积岩的形成和变化过程中,特别是在成岩过程中,有机质在促进各种元素的迁移、富集和使它们从一种矿物转变为另一种矿物上,有着很大的作用。近年来,有机地球化学的研究,不仅在可燃性有机岩方面有很大的进展,而且在沉积非金属和金属矿床,特别是在稀有分散元素和放射性元素矿床的研究中,也得到了极大的重视和发展。在一般沉积岩中常或多或少的含有有机质,但目前还没有直接测定其总含量的简便完善的方法。由于碳是有机质的主要组成元素,因此普通采用岩石中的有机碳含量作为有机质总含量的标志。由于工作的需要,我们对测定有机碳的湿烧法进行了试验研究,并在测定方法上作了一些改进。现将该方法报导如下,请批评指正。     

凸度量空间中渐近拟非扩张映象的Ishikawa型迭代序列的收敛性

给出了凸度量空间中渐近拟非扩张映象的Ishikawa型迭代序列收敛于不动点的充要条件,所得结果推广、改进和包含了刘启厚[1]等人的最新成果.     

中国东海海平面长期变化与趋势研究

From the analyses of the satellite altimeter Maps of Sea Level Anomaly(MSLA) data, tidal gauge sea level data and historical sea level data, this paper investigates the long-term sea level variability in the East China Sea(ECS).Based on the correlation analysis, we calculate the correlation coefficient between tidal gauge and the closest MSLA grid point, then generate the map of correlation coefficient of the entire ECS. The results show that the satellite altimeter MSLA data is effective to observe coastal sea level variability. An important finding is that from map of correlation coefficient we can identify the Kuroshio. The existence of Kuroshio decreases the correlation between coastal and the Pacific sea level. Kurishio likes a barrier or a wall, which blocks the effect of the Pacific and the global change. Moreover, coastal sea level in the ECS is mainly associated with local systems rather than global change. In order to calculate the long-term sea level variability trend, the empirical mode decomposition(EMD) method is applied to derive the trend on each MSLA grid point in the entire ECS. According to the 2-D distribution of the trend and rising rate, the sea level on the right side of the axis of Kuroshio rise faster than in its left side. This result supports the barrier effect of Kuroshio in the ECS. For the entire ECS, the average sea level rose 45.0 mm between 1993 and 2010, with a rising rate of(2.5±0.4) mm/a which is slower than global average.The relatively slower sea level rising rate further proves that sea level rise in the ECS has less response to global change due to its own local system effect.     

裂片石莼营养价值的评价及其多糖制备的初步研究

对采自福建的野生裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata)进行了分类学鉴定和营养价值评估;采用微波加热新方法,进一步研究了裂片石莼多糖提取工艺。研究结果表明,裂片石莼的总糖、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸和总脂含量分别为34.38%、27.60%、25.20%、11.70%;其必需氨基酸含量为10.0%,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)=79.77;裂片石莼的重金属元素含量达到国家海藻制品的限量标准。研究结果还表明,通过正交实验优化微波加热提取工艺,与传统加热提取工艺相比,裂片石莼多糖的得率提高了21.35%,而耗能降低了58.51%。     

黄河三角洲滨海湿地沉积环境演化与碳的累积

2007年在黄河三角洲布设一口23.7 m深的浅钻(ZK5),对ZK5进行沉积学观测及原位密度、总碳、有机碳、Al和营养元素实验室测试分析,对ZK5的沉积物性质、有孔虫种类和地层等进行分析,将ZK5自上而下划分为7个沉积环境,揭示了滨海湿地地质演化过程。利用AMS14C测年方法,结合黄河改道的历史,运用历史地理学和沉积地质学综合分析的方法对7个沉积地层进行了年代确定。利用所确定的年代计算了不同沉积环境总碳(TC)和有机碳(Corg)的加积速率。结果表明:TC和Corg与各营养元素及沉积物的沉积速率呈很好的线性相关,沉积物的沉积速率是Corg和TC加积速率的主控因素。还进一步指出,虽然现代黄河三角洲TC、Corg浓度相对较低(质量比分别为9~20 mg/g,1~4 mg/g),但由于其高沉积速率(最高可达60 cm/a),Corg的加积速率高于世界其他高Corg浓度的湿地,特别是浅海湿地(如三角洲前缘),其Corg加积速率可高达2 102 g/(m2·a)。由此,可以断言现代黄河三角洲是很好的碳汇地质体。     

基于稀疏AR模型的潮流信号建模与预报

潮流信号处理与预报在很多方面具有非常重要的意义和价值。本文引入信号稀疏表示理论,构建一种稀疏AR模型,寻找各潮流数据间的历史关联性,并进行预报分析。首先由实测潮流信号进行常规AR建模,获得一组过完备稀疏基;其次随机从该过完备稀疏基抽取部分建立欠定方程组,利用稀疏优化算法获得最稀疏的AR系数;多次重复上一步,获得稀疏AR系数的平均以增强稀疏AR模型的稳定性;最后利用这些稀疏AR系数来重构或预测潮流信号。文章针对实测潮流信号,特别是存在多峰值有回流现象的潮流信号,进行了稀疏AR建模与预测的多次实验。实验结果与传统的潮流信号调和预报方法相对比,发现基于稀疏AR模型的潮流预报对于潮流存在多变的现象时,具有明显优越性,从回报结果来看,稀疏AR模型的潮流预报均方差明显小于传统潮流调和分析预报方法。     

数字滤波技术在潮汐观测中的应用研究

潮汐是重要的海洋物理要素。瞬时变化的海面高度信息除了包含潮汐信息外,还包括波浪等高频干扰信息,因此需要对干扰信息进行滤除。如何从获取到的海面瞬时高度变化中提取出潮汐信息就成为一个关键问题。海洋学中通常是通过低通滤波来获取低频的潮汐信息。通过分析常用的3种低通数字滤波的方法,即滑动平均法、快速傅里叶变换法和小波变换法,对3种低通滤波方法应用于潮汐数据处理的效果进行了比较分析,得出滑动平均法在潮汐信息提取中具有较高应用价值的结论。