观测分析El Ni?o衰减早晚对南亚与青藏高原夏季降水和气温的影响

El Ni?o（厄尔尼诺）事件对东亚和南亚次年夏季降水影响及其机理已经得到充分研究,但其对夏季青藏高原降水是否有显著影响还不清楚。本研究根据1950年后El Ni?o事件次年衰减期演变速度,对比分析衰减早型与晚型El Ni?o事件对南亚季风区与青藏高原夏季（6～9月）季节平均和月平均气候影响差异。结果显示在衰减早型次年夏季热带太平洋海温转为La Ni?a（拉尼娜）型且持续发展,引起Walker环流上升支西移,印度洋和南亚季风区上升运动加强,同时激发异常西北太平洋反气旋（NWPAC）,阿拉伯海异常气旋和伊朗高原异常反气旋性环流响应,增加7～9月对流层偏南气流和印度洋水汽输送,导致南亚和高原西南侧降水偏多。衰减晚型次年6～8月热带太平洋El Ni?o型海温仍维持,印度洋暖异常海温显著,对应的印度洋和南亚季风区上升运动较弱,NWPAC西伸控制南亚季风区,阿拉伯海和中西亚分别呈现异常反气旋和气旋性环流,导致青藏高原西风加强,水汽输送减少,南亚北部和高原降水一致偏少。结果表明:（1）El Ni?o显著影响次年青藏高原西南部夏季季节和月平均降水与温度,是印度和高原西南部夏季降水显著相关的重要原因;（2）El Ni?o衰减快慢速度对南亚和青藏高原西南部夏季季节内降水的影响有着重要差异。     

Intercomparison of CRA-Interim Precipitation Products with ERA5 and JRA-55

By using the hourly data from surface meteorological stations in China, the 3-hour precipitation data from CRA-Interim (Chinese Reanalysis-Interim), ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis 5) and JRA-55 (Japanese Reanalysis-55) are compared, both on the spatial-temporal distributions and on bias with observation precipitation in China. The results show that: (1) The three sets of reanalysis datasets can all reflect the basic spatial distribution characteristics of annual average precipitation in China. The simulation of topographic forced precipitation in complex terrain by CRA-interim is more detailed, while CRA-interim has larger negative bias in central and East China, and larger positive bias in southwest China. (2) In terms of seasonal precipitation, the three sets of reanalysis datasets overestimate the precipitation in the heavy rainfall zone of spring and summer, especially in southwest China. CRA interim’s location of the rain belt in the First Rainy Season in South China is west by south, the summer precipitation has positive bias in southwest and South China. (3) All of the reanalysis datasets can basically reflect the distribution difference of inter-annual variation of drought and flood, but the overall the CRA-Interim generally shows negative bias, while the ERA5 and JRA-55 exhibit positive bias. (4) For the diurnal variation of precipitation in summer, all the reanalysis datasets perform better in simulating the daytime precipitation than in the night, and bias of CRA-interim is less in southeast and northeast than elsewhere. (5) ERA5 generally performs the best on the evaluation of quantitative precipitation forecast, the JRA-55 is the next, followed by the CRA-Interim. CRA-Interim has higher missing rate and lower threat score for heavy rains; however, at the level of downpour, the CRA-Interim performs slightly better.     

路网距离约束的GTWR模型应用——以北京市房价为例

针对传统地理加权回归方法无法解决时空非平稳性的问题,该文提出了一种路网距离约束的时空地理加权回归方法。引入时间特性,进一步把握了不同因子在时空维度影响的分异性;以路网距离度量约束,提高模型解释力。以北京市城6区1980—2015年的1 632个住宅小区特征价格数据为例,通过与直线距离约束的常规地理加权回归方法等进行比较,采用各模型的AIC与拟合优度等指标对模型置信水平高低进行评价。实验结果表明,路网距离约束的地理加权回归模型不仅能够提高模型的拟合精度,还能更好地揭示房价在时间与空间方面的变化规律。     

AHP-灰色关联度分析法的耕地质量评价——以湖北省襄阳市为例

针对传统耕地质量评价方法的单一性和局限性,该文提出一种将层次分析法与灰色关联度分析法融合的主客观相结合的耕地质量评定新方法。依据第一次全国地理国情普查数据成果,选取湖北省襄阳市作为研究区,建立试点区耕地质量综合评价指标体系,并对评价结果的可靠性进行验证。结果表明,该方法对耕地质量评价是科学有效的,能为耕地合理规划提出相关建议。     

Improved decentralized multi-sensor navigation system for airborne applications

The integration of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) technologies is a very useful navigation option for high-accuracy positioning in many applications. However, its performance is still limited by GNSS satellite availability and satellite geometry. To address such limitations, a non-GNSS-based positioning technology known as “Locata” is used to augment a standard GNSS/INS system. The conventional methods for multi-sensor integration can be classified as being either in the form of centralized Kalman filtering (CKF), or decentralized Kalman filtering. However, these two filtering architectures are not always ideal for real-world applications. To satisfy both accuracy and reliability requirements, these three integration algorithms—CKF, federated Kalman filtering (FKF) and an improved decentralized filtering, known as global optimal filtering (GOF)—are investigated. In principle, the GOF is derived from more information resources than the CKF and FKF algorithms. These three algorithms are implemented in a GPS/Locata/INS integrated navigation system and evaluated using data obtained from a flight test. The experimental results show that the position, velocity and attitude solution derived from the GOF-based system indicate improvements of 30, 18.4 and 20.8% over the CKF- and FKF-based systems, respectively.     

2016年四川省PM2.5浓度时空分布研究

PM2.5导致大气能见度下降,造成雾霾天气.本文基于2016年四川省89个空气质量监测站的PM2.5数据,对2016年四川省PM2.5浓度时空分布特征进行研究分析.结果表明,2016年四川省PM2.5浓度空间分布呈现出西北部PM2.5浓度较低、空气质量较好,东南部PM2.5浓度较高、空气质量较差的趋势;时间分布呈现夏季PM2.5浓度较低、空气质量较好,冬季PM2.5浓度较高、空气质量较差的趋势,从而得出四川省PM2.5浓度时间和空间分布规律及分布图.     

基于GIS的西宁市生态敏感性分析

国土优化开发和土地集约型利用是生态文明建设的重要一环,生态敏感性分析为优化国土空间和土地的开发利用提供参考基础,也可促进区域生态环境的可持续发展。借助GIS技术,选取高程、坡度、水域、NDVI和土地利用类型5个生态敏感性因子,利用层次分析法(AHP)确定因子权重,采用空间叠加分析对生态敏感度定量分析,将所得到的生态敏感的高低分为高度敏感区、中度敏感区、低度敏感区和非敏感区,对各个生态敏感区进行综合分析,得到西宁市单因子和综合生态敏感性分析结果,并对西宁城市群的开发提出分区保护与建设的对策建议。     

基于SkyLine的Web三维数字校园建设

随着计算机技术、虚拟现实技术的发展,数字地球、数字城市的提出,三维数字化建设也得到迅猛发展,三维GIS已成为GIS发展的主要方向,应用前景广阔。三维数字校园建设随即被提出。本文论述了基于Sky Line平台三维数字校园建设的基本流程、关键技术、网络发布、系统设计等,最终实现了临潼校区的三维数字化建设。     

空间信息技术在我国地质遗迹资源保护与开发中的应用研究现状与展望

在梳理相关文献的基础上,从地质遗迹资源保护与开发过程中对空间信息需求的视角,就资源调查与监测、评价与规划、管理与展示3个方面对空间信息技术在我国地质遗迹资源保护与开发中的应用研究现状进行了综述。结果表明:空间信息技术以其在数据获取、处理、分析等方面的优势,日益为地质遗迹资护与开发提供了强有力的技术支撑和科学的决策支持,并呈现多技术集成应用的趋势;今后还应进一步加强与相关技术的深度融合,并拓展在自然资源管理、生态环境监测等方面的应用。     

浅谈地理国情普查项目中控制点库的制作

数字正射影像数据是地理国情普查中主要的调查数据源,同时也是普查成果数据的重要组成部分。而控制点作为数字正射影像制作的基础数据也是普查成果中必不可少的一部分。本文就国情普查成果中影像控制点的采集与整理进行了探讨。